M3u2活动单教师版.doc

Module3 unit2 LanguageWelcome to the unit and reading1. stand for 代表; 象征（represent）， 为的缩写; eg：USA stands for the United States of American. The dove stands for / represents peace. 鸽子象征和平。 2. be made up of =consist of（无被动）= be composed of由 组成，由 构成The class is made up of 15 girl students and 20 boy students.= The class consists of 15 girl students and 20 boy students.注意两者作定语时的区别a group made up of five doctors and 10 nurses= a group consisting of five doctors and 10 nurses【拓展】: be made of/be made from/be made out of 由制成be made into 被制成make up 组成，编造，弥补，化妆，和解make for 走向；有助于make out 理解，辨认出 请用上面列出的短语的正确形式填空。The old building is made of stone. 这幢老房子是由石头建成的。The wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是由葡萄酿制而成的。Her dress is made out of her sisters old dress. 她的衣服是用她姐姐的旧衣服改做的。She made the material into a dress. 她用这种布料做成了一条裙子。Eleven players make up a football team. 11个队员组成了一个足球队。Uncle Dick made up an interesting story for the children. 迪克叔叔给孩子们编了一个有趣的故事。The actors were making up when we arrived. 我们到的时候，演员们正在化妆。He and his wife usually make up their quarrel the same day. 他和妻子吵架通常当天就言归于好。As soon as it started to rain, we made for home. 天一开始下雨，我们就朝家里走去。Does early rising make for good health? 早起有助于健康吗？It was difficult to make out his handwriting. 他的书写很难辨认。3. pick短语1) 捡起, 收拾; 2) 接收（信号），收听（广播）pick up BBC 3) (用车) 去接某人，去取某物 4) (不是通过正规教育和指导)学会 5) (偶然)得到消息 6) (无意地廉价)买到 7) （健康，生意, 景气，事态等）恢复，变好 (8) 增加（速度） pick up speed（A）-I hear John refused to tell the truth and was taken away by the police. - Where did you _?A. pick that up B. put that up C. make that up D. take that up put up“举起，张贴” make up “编造，捏造，化妆，弥补，组成”take up“占据（时间，空间 ），继续从事。”拓展: pick out 挑出，选出。（A）She _his number in the phone book to make sure that she had got it right.A. looked up B. looked for C. picked out D. picked up look up “查询，抬头” pick out “挑出”Have you picked out the pictures that you would like to keep? 你挑选出想保存的照片了吗？4. we would not be able to understand it if we heard it today.本句用了虚拟语气表示与现在事实相反的情况a. 同现在事实相反的假设。 句型 ： 条件从句主句一般过去时should( would) +动词原形 例如：If they were here, they would help you. b. 表示于过去事实相反的假设。 句型： 条件从句 主句过去完成时 should(would) have+ 过去分词 例如If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it. （含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.）5. That is why English is a language with so many confusing rules. (1)Thats why那就是为什么, 那就是.的原因, why 引导表语从句。表语从句中何时用because?何时用why？(B)Steven got hurt in the right arm when he fell off the ladder. That is _ he writes with his left hand. A. because B. why (A)He speaks English with American accent. This is _ he stayed in the States for three years. A. because B. why 【归纳】why后面是结果； because后面是原因。(2)辨析confusing/confusedconfusing 令人困惑的 adj. confused adj. 感到迷惑的，感到不解的I am confused about the problem. 对这个问题，我很困惑。If the situation is confusing, you will get confused. 如果形势令人困惑，你会被弄糊涂的。There is a confused look/expression on his face. 他脸上露出迷惑的表情。（B）Her _ feeling about him made him _.A. confused ; confusing B. confusing ; confused C. confused; confused D. confusing; confusing拓展：confuse v. 使迷惑，使困惑We tried to confuse the enemy. 我们试图迷惑敌人。v confuse A with B 把A误当作B; 混淆 Dont confuse UN with USA. v confusion n.不确定，困惑，混淆6. contribute v. 贡献, 起作用，有助于促成 (1) contribute （sth） to sth. 捐献、捐助We contributed food and clothing to the poor. 我们捐助了食物和衣物救济贫民。 (2) contribute to sth. 有助于Exercise contributes to better health. 锻炼能促成更强健的体魄。（3）是的原因， 导致=lead to/ result in /bring about/cause The drivers carelessness contributed to the accident. 司机的疏忽导致了事故的发生。（4）投稿 He has contributed (articles) to the magazine for several years. 他为这家杂志撰稿好几年了。contribute的名词形式为contribution， 常用于make a contribution to /make contributions to They made a great contribution to the development of our society.他们为我们社会的发展做出了巨大的贡献。7. sure与certain是近义词，一定的，确信的在“It isthat结构中只能用certain，不能用sure It is certain that he will come 他肯定会来的，8.conquer.vt (武力）征服, 攻克; 克服， 战胜, 改正（恶习）等; vi.得胜conquer bad habits.克服不良习惯. Man can conquer nature.人定胜天。To conquer or to die.非胜即死， 不成功便成仁。9. rule v. 统治 Today, most kings and queens rule (their countries) only in a formal way, without real power. 当今大部分的国王和王后只是象征性地统治（他们的国家），没有实权。rule n. 规则，习惯，统治，管理make it a rule 作为常规She made it a rule to learn English at least half an hour every day.常构成词组under ones rule 或under the rule of sb.意为“在某人的统治之下”obey(observe) the rule 遵守规定 break the rule 违反规定rule over 控制、统治、支配rule out 排除, 取消 rule out /dismiss the possibility of 10. replace vt. （1）取代，代替=take the place of sb=take ones place George has replaced Edward as the captain of the team. 乔治已取代了爱德华当上了队长。（2）更换，替换, 常与介词 with 或by 连用，构成短语 replace A with/by B用B取代AWe have replaced the old adding machine with/by a computer. 我们用计算机替换了原来的加法机。（3）把放回原处，相当于 put .back. He replaced the book on the shelf. v 派生： replaceable adj 可回归原位的; 可代替的; 可更换的11.despite prep 尽管，不顾=in spite of Despite/ In spite of what others say, I think hes a very nice man. 不管别人怎么说,我仍认为他这个人很好12. 辨析 rise/ raise1) 各自的过去式，过去分词不同： rise-roserisen; raiseraisedraised2) 词性、词义不同： rise 为不及物动词，不接宾语。常表示上升、上涨；起床；站起来等意义。raise 是及物动词,有以下用法：（1）饲养家禽，抚养（子女），种植They raise horses/ wheat 他们饲养马匹，种植小麦。（2）举起，抬高He raised his voice in anger. 他生气地提高嗓门。（3）召集，筹集They want to raise money for the Hope Project 他们想为希望工程筹集资金（4）提出（问题、建议等），相当于put forward。raise a question/suggestion. 13. depend on 取决于；依靠，信赖。其中on可用upon替换。 We might need more cars, depending on/upon the number of people gathering here. 我们也许需要更多的车辆，这要看有多少人聚集到这里。 You can depend on him, for he is a man of his word. 你可以信赖他，因为他是个守信用的人。 【拓展】 dependent adj. 依赖的；受影响的 independent adj. 独立的dependence n. 依靠 independence n. 独立14. take control of 控制，取得对的控制 （这里control相当于charge） Its no easy task to take control of a class of young children. 管住一个班的小孩子可不是件容易的事。【拓展】 have/hold control of/over 控制着 in control (of) 控制着，处于统治地位，in the control of 被控制 被管理 lose control of 失去对的控制， out of control 失去控制，无法控制 under control （被）控制住15upper class/ middle class/ lower class 上层阶级/中产阶级/下层阶级 the working class 工人阶级 the lower-income classes低收入阶层Grammar1. promise vt. vi. 许诺 promise (sb.) to do 许诺某人做某事 promise sb. sth. =promise sth. to sb. promise thatn. make/give a promise 许下诺言 carry out /keep ones promise 履行诺言break ones promise 违背诺言promising adj. 有前途的 a promising doctor2. have difficulty (in) doing sth.1)I had great/some /no/ little difficulty in doing the work.2)She learned typing without any difficulty. (with difficulty)3. agree / disagree v.（不）同意agree on sth. 就达成一致意见agree with sb./ what sb. saidagree to sth.( plan, proposal) 同意agree to do agree thatagree with(1)与一致,相符 His words do not agree with the fact.disagree vi. 意见不一，分歧。 名词：disagreement 常构成的词组有： disagree with sb. 与某人意见不一4. access 1.) vt. 接近,利用,靠近 2.) n. 接近的机会，享用权 accessible adj 可接近的，可进入的 短语：have access to sth / sb 有机会(使用或接近)例：Citizens may have free access to the library.This island is accessible only by boat.Medicine was not accessible to the villagersThe villagers had no access to medicine. Task and project1. differ vi. 相异，有区别 different adj 不同的 differ from = be different from 与不同短语： A differ from B (in sth) A = A be different from B (in sth ) (在方面)不同于B反义短语：A be similar to B His views differ from those of his parents. = His views are different from those of his parents. 他的观点和他父母的观点不同。 A and B differ (from each other) A和B彼此有差异 French and English differ greatly (from each other). 法语和英语（彼此）差异很大。 He differs with me about/on/over when to go for a picnic. 在何时去野餐这件事情上，他与我的意见不同。tell the differences betweenandmake a/no/some/little difference 有一点/没有/有些/几乎没有区别/关系/影响2. combine v. 组合，（使）联合，（使）结合 combine together 把结合起来 None of us has much money, so lets combine what weve got together. 我们任何人的钱都不多，所以我们把钱凑一起吧。 combine A with B 把A与B结合起来 If we can combine theory with practice, it will be better. 要是我们能把理论与实践相结合，那就更好了。combination n. 结合,联合3. ban vt. 禁止，取缔。ban-banned banned banning,ban sb. from doing sth. 意为“禁止某人做某事” The government needs to do something to ban people from advertising illegal things on the Internet. 政府应该采取措施禁止人们在网上做广告宣传违法物品。4. indicate vt.指示；指出；表示；显示；简单的陈述 The arrow indicates the way to the park. 那个箭头指示到公园的方向。indicate + that/wh- 表示；显示He indicated (that) he wanted to change his job.（A）The bell_ the end o f the period rang and we had to stop our discussion.A. indicating B. indicated C. to be indicated D. being indicated indicating作后置定语，相当于which indicatedindication n. 指示，指出 ; (的) 征兆，迹象 (of) 5. care about 1) 关心、关怀 例：He sincerely cares about his employees.2) 在乎、在意 例：She didnt care about anything people might say.care for 1) 非常喜欢;The emperor cared for nothing more than new clothes. 2) 照顾、照料 The children are well cared for in the kindergarten.6. spread n.vt&vi 传播 spread-spread-spread The spread of AIDS in the last few years has been alarming. 过去几年里艾滋病的传播令人惊慌。 I will tell you a secret, but you must promise not to spread it around.我要告诉你一个秘密，但是你必须保证不会将它四处传播。（B）With the rapid growth of population, the city_ in all directions in the past five years. A. spreads B. has spread C. spread D. had spread 7.The Chinese language differs from many western languages in that，instead of an alphabet, it uses characters which stand for ideas, objects and deeds. 汉语与西方语言不同，区别在于它不使用字母，而是用汉字表示思想、物体和行为。 that 引导一个名词性从句充当介词in 的宾语,构成“in that+句子”结构 译成“ 因为 ，在于”1) I was lucky in that I was able to find a good assistant.2) She was fortunate in that she had some friends to help her.8. Not all characters were developed from drawings of objects.并非所有的汉字都从物体的图画演变而来。not all 并非所有的, 表示部分否定,还有not every /both / each /many完全否定是 none ， nothing ， nobody ， no one ， neither1) Both of his parents are not abroad.2) Not all the parts of the car will be made in this factory.3) Not every girl likes singing. = Every girl doesnt like singing.完全否定：4) None of the girls like(s) singing. （none 指 sb./sth. none of , 做主语时，谓语动词单复数均可，回答how many/how much; no one ,nobody 回答who ; nothing 回答 what）5）Neither of his parents is abroad. （neither 两者都不）6）No student went to the cinema last night.9. In the 1950s the Chinese government introduced simplified Chinese characters and now they have widespread use in Chinas mainland. 二十世纪五十年代，中国政府推广简化汉字，现在它们已在中国大陆全面普及。in the 1950s 在二十世纪五十年代 注意其中的冠词用the, 及数字要用复数（C）_ , a world-wide war broke out, which killed thousands of people and made many people homeless. A. In 1940s B. After 1940s C. In the 1940s D. In the 1939 in ones fifties 在某人五十多岁时 注意其中的代词, 及数字要用复数 The old man began to learn English in his seventies.这位老人在他七十多岁时开始学英语。10. turn into (使) 变成，也可用turn to Water turns into/to ice when the temperature is below freezing. 当气温低于零度，水就变成冰。 Heat turns ice into/to steam. 高温把冰变成蒸汽。 【拓展】turn away 转身不看，不理睬；撵走，把拒之门外turn out 关掉；结果是(to be/that) turn up 开大；出现，露面turn down 调小，放低；拒不接受 turn over 移交，交给；翻(页)；翻身；翻到turn in 交（上去） turn to sb for help 找（某人寻求帮助等）turn off 关掉（灯等） turn on 开（灯等） 11. 表示“许多”的词语归纳：只能修饰可数名词只能修饰不可数名词可数和不可数名词均可manya good /great manya (large/great) number ofmany a +nmuch,a great/good deal of,a great amount ofa lot of, lots of,plenty of,a large/great quantity of,quantities of （C） 1） _ of students whose parents have _ money go abroad for further study every year. A. A number; a great many B. A good many; a great deal of C. A number; a large amount of D.A great many; a great amount of (B) 2）As a result of destroying the forest, a large _ of the desert _ covered the land. A. number; has B. quantity; has C. number; have D. quantity; h