8Bunit4知识点.doc

8B Unit 4 知识点讲义1. read n. 读物 reader n. 读者 read v. (read-read-read)a good read 一本好的读物 an interesting read 一本有趣的读物 some good reads 一些好的读物 do some reading 阅读2. cooking n. 烹饪，烹调 cook v. 煮 n. 厨师 cooker n. 厨具do some cooking 烹饪3. novel (novels) n. 长篇小说 story (stories) n. 短篇故事writing novels 写小说4. Germany n. 德国 German n. 德国人 adj. 德国的in Germany Einstein was born in Germany.an German many Germans an Germany car5. knowledge n. 知识 【U】 know-knowledgeKnowledge is power. 知识就是力量。much knowledge 许多知识6. spare adj. 空闲的；多余的in ones spare time=in ones free time 在某人的空余时间Do you have a spare ticket? 你有多余的票吗？7. French adj. 法国的 Frenchman n. 法国人（Frenchmen） France n. 法国in France 在法国 come/be from France 来自法国Hugo （雨果） was a French writer.8. writer n.作家，作者 writing n. 写作a piece of writing 一篇写作Mo Yan is one of the most famous writers in the world.9. ugly adj. 丑陋的 (uglier ugliest) 反义词：beautiful/good-looking/prettyQuasimodo(卡西莫多) was an ugly man, but he was very kind.He looks ugly.10. touch vt. 感动，触动，触摸Dont touch tigers.不要摸老虎。His story touched me. 他的故事感动了我。keep in touch with 与保持联系 11. against prep. hitting something 紧靠，碰，撞The ship crashed against the rocks. 船触礁了。The desk is against the wall. 桌子靠墙放着。Im against his idea. 我反对他的意见。be against 反对 break the law do something against the law 违反法律12. be tired out very tired 筋疲力尽You must be tired out after a hard days work. 一天辛苦工作之后，你一定累坏了。be tired of 厌烦 Im tired of the weather there. 我厌倦那儿的天气。 13. tie v. hold things together with ropes 捆，绑 tie tyingtie sth to Look. He is tying the horse to the tree 看！他正将马栓在树上。14. over prep. 从一边到另一边 jump over the chair 跳过椅子15. stomach n. 腹部；胃 stomachsSheep have four stomachs. 羊有四个胃。have a stomachache 胃痛16. until 直到为止 tillI will wait until the rain stops. 我将等到雨停。I did my homework till nine yeaterday evening. 我昨晚做作业一直做到九点。notuntil 直到才I wont leave here until the rain stops. 我将直到雨停才离开这儿。He didnt go to bed until the TV play was over yesterday. 昨天直到电视剧结束，他才睡觉。He went to bed after the TV play was over yesterday.Dont get off the bus until it stops/ has stopped. 车停了在下车。17. finger n. 手指golden finger 金手指 king finger 无名指18. tiny adj. very small 极小的 tinier tiniestThe living room is tiny. 客厅极小。a tiny person 一个小人19. fall over 摔倒Mrs White fell over and hurt her leg yesterday. 昨天怀特夫人摔倒了并伤了腿。fall off the bike / fall down from the bike 从自行车上摔下来fall ill 病倒 fall asleep 入睡 He fell ill last week. 上周他病倒了。 He has been ill since last week. 自从上周起他就病了。20. continue v. keep doing something 继续continue his study 继续他的学业continue doing sth continue to do sth He fell over, but soon got up again and continued running as fast as he could.他跌倒了，然而又很快站起来，继续尽力向远处跑去。21. either 也He is a doctor too. (改为否定句)He isnt a doctor either.If you dont go there tomorrow, I wont go either. 如果明天你不去那儿，我也不去。either 两者之中任一个的；两者之中任一个，随便哪一个There are trees on either / each side of the street. There are trees on both side of the street. 街道两边有树。What would you like, tea or coffee?Either. I dont mind.22. manage (finish what you have tried to do) 设法完成，管理 manager 经理 manage to do sth.设法完成做某事 manage to break the rope 设法将绳子弄断How did you manage to go home? 你是如何设法回家的？manage a company 管理一家公司23. lift vt. 举起，抬高， 提高 lift my hands into the air 把我的手举起放在空气里n. 电梯 go up and down by lift in a lift 乘电梯上下楼 get intoout of a lift 进出电梯24. army 大批， 大群a huge army of tiny people 一大群小人An army of bees are flying around. 一群蜜蜂到处飞着。25. must 应该， 必须， 一定 must 必须 比较have to和must 1) 两词都是必须的意思，have to 表示客观的需要， must 表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。 My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. 我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事) He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事） 2) have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。 He had to look after his sister yesterday. 3） 在否定结构中： dont have to 表示不必 mustnt 表示禁止， You dont have to tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告诉他。 You mustnt tell him about it. 你一定不要把这件事告诉他。 must 一定1) must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为一定。2) must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时， must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。 You have worked hard all day. You must be tired. 你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。（对现在情况的推测判断） 否定推测用cant “肯定不” If Tom didnt leave here until five oclock, he cant be home yet.如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。 may 可能He may be still waiting at the school gate. I am not sure.他可能还在校门口等。我不能确定。26. unable 不能的， 不会的 反 able be unable able to do 没有能力做某事I am unable to help you. I know little about it. 我没能力帮助你，我对它了解很少。27. shoulder 肩膀 on ones shoulder 在某人的肩上shoulder by shoulder 肩并肩 side by side 肩并肩地； 一起 hand in hand手拉手28. hand 交， 递， 给hand in 上交， 递交 hand it them in The paper is very important. You must hand it in now. 这份试卷很重要，你必须现在把它交上来29. and so on 等等She spends her day doing housework, watching television, reading, and so on. 她以做家务、看电视、看书等等度过一天。30. review n. 评论 the reviews about the book书评 the reviews about the film 影评31. return vt. 归还 give sth back to Return it back to me tomorrow, will you? 明天还给我好吗？ 32. on time 准时 按时arrive at school on time准时到校 hand in ones homework on time按时交作业33. renew vt. 续借；更新；重新开始renew booksa gamethe website 续借书重新开始游戏更新网站34. series n.一系列；系列节目TV series电视剧 The book is made up of a series of stories.这本书由一系列的故事组成。35. publish vt.出版 publish books and magazines出版书和杂志 all the publishing houses所有的出版社36. refuse vt.拒绝；回绝 She refused their invitation.她拒绝了他们的邀请。refuse to do sth. He refused to change his idea.他拒绝改变主意。37. so far 到目前为止 We have learned three units so farby now. 目前我们学了三个单元。38. success n.成功 As a writer, he is a success.他是个成功的作家。Wish everyone a great success.祝大家取得巨大的成功。successful adj. be successful in doing sth.=do sth. successfully成功地做某事 He is successful in swimming across the river.他成功地游过了河。39. translate vt. 翻译 translate the letter into English把这封信翻译成英文40. sales n.销售量 on sale在出售 for sale供出售 Our sales go up by 5% every year.我们的销售额每年上升5%。41. copy n. 一本（份，册）；副本 a copy of magazine copy others answers抄袭别人的答案42. Canadian adj. 加拿大（人）的 Canadian English 加拿大英语 Canadian footbal加拿大式足球43. at a time每次，依次 one at a time44. online adv. 在线， 联网How do you watch a film? Online.45. sail vt. & vi. 航行sail to New Zealand sail in the sea46. hidden adj. 隐藏的hidden danger hidden trouble隐患47. confidence n. 信心 with confidence 满怀信心地He built up my confidence. 他树立了我的信心。48. experience