张利霞—10091550202—亚硝酸钠的介绍.doc

护色剂亚硝酸钠的介绍Introduction of Sodium Nitrite化学式：NaNO2Chemical Formula: NaNO2分子量：69.00Molecular Weight: 69.00名称：亚硝酸钠Name: sodium nitrite物理性质：白色或淡黄色斜方晶系结晶或粉末，无臭，略有咸味，易潮解;沸点 320(分解);熔点 271;易溶于水，微溶于乙醇、甲醇、乙醚;相对密度(水=1)2.17;稳定性:稳定;危险标记:11;Physical properties: white or pale yellow orthorhombic crystals or powder, odorless, slightly salty, easily deliquescence; boiling point 320 (decomposition); melting point 271 ; soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol, methanol, ethyl ether ; relative density (water = 1) 2.17; Stability: stability; hazard markers: 11;化学性质：属强氧化剂又有还原性，在空气中会逐渐氧化，表面则变为硝酸钠，也能被氧化剂所氧化；遇弱酸分解放出棕色二氧化氮气体；与有机物、还原剂接触能引起爆炸或燃烧，并放出有毒的刺激性的氧化氮气体；遇强氧化剂也能被氧化，特别是铵盐，如与硝酸铵、过硫酸铵等在常温下，即能互相作用产生高热，引起可燃物燃烧。Chemical properties: There is a strong oxidant reduction, will gradually oxidized in air, the surface then becomes sodium nitrate, can also be oxidized by oxidants; If it cases of weak acid, brown nitrogen dioxide gas released by the decomposition; With organic matter, reducing agent exposure can cause explosion or burning, and release toxic irritation of nitric oxide gases; If it cases of strong oxidant ,it can also be oxidized, in particular, ammonium salt, such as with ammonium nitrate, ammonium persulfate, etc. that is, the interaction can produce high fever, caused by flammable Combustion at room temperature.生化反应：Biochemical reactions:亚硝酸钠在强酸性条件下与+4价铈离子的反应式：The reaction of sodium nitrite with 4 price cerium ions in acidic conditions: 2Ce4+ + NO2- + H2O = 2Ce3+ + NO3- + 2H+在酸性介质中，HNO2/NO=0.99V，有较强的氧化能力：In acidic medium, HNO2/NO = 0.99V, there is a strong oxidizing ability:2NO2-+2H+=NO+NO2+H2O亚硝酸钠与碘离子在酸性介质中的反应：Sodium nitrite with iodide in acidic media react:2NO2-+2I-+4H+=2NO+I2+2H2O亚硝酸钠与髙锰酸根在酸性条件下的反应：The reaction of potassium permanganate with sodium nitrite under acidic conditions:5NO2-+2MnO4-+6H+=5NO3-+Mn2+3H2O一级胺与亚硝酸在低温下作用生成重氮盐的反应： The reaction of Primary amines with nitrite reacts at low temperature to diazonium salts:当误食亚硝酸钠后，在血液中发生了化学反应，使血红蛋白转变成三价铁的血红蛋白。三价铁的血红蛋白不能携带氧，因此造成人体缺氧中毒。When eating sodium nitrite by mistakes, a chemical reaction occurs in the blood, then hemoglobin becomes ferric hemoglobin. Ferric hemoglobin can not carry oxygen, thus causing the body oxygen poisoning.维生素C还原亚硝酸钠的反应式：The reaction of Vitamin C with sodium nitrite: 12NaNO2+C6H8O6=4H2O+6Na2CO3+8NO（气体)+2N2（气体)使用范围：腌腊肉制品类（如咸肉、腊肉、板鸭、中式火腿、腊肠等），酱卤肉制品类，熏、烧烤肉类，油炸肉类，西式火腿（熏烤、烟熏、蒸煮火腿）类，肉灌肠类，发酵肉制品类，肉罐头类，用作发色剂、防微生物剂，防腐剂。还可用作丝绸、亚麻的漂白剂，金属热处理剂；钢材缓蚀剂；氰化物中毒的解毒剂,实验室分析试剂。故被称为工业盐。Use scope: Curing meat products (such as bacon, bacon, duck, Chinese ham, sausage, etc.); butter braised pork products; smoked, grilled meat; fried meat; ham (smoked, smoked, cooked ham); meat sausage type; fermented meat products; meat canned. It could also be used as hair color agent, anti-microbial agents, and preservatives. It could also be used as silk, linen bleaching agent, metal heat treatment agent, steel corrosion inhibitor, antidote for cyanide poisoning, laboratory analysis reagents. So it is known as industrial salt.使用条件：Conditions of Use:发色剂（亚硝酸钠）要尽可能不用或少用，必须使用时，应严格控制使用范围和使用量，不能随意扩大。Hair color agent (sodium nitrite) should use no or little to the extent possible, must be used, should strictly control the use of the scope and usage and can not expand.不得使用食品添加剂亚硝酸钠来掩盖食品的缺陷（如霉变、腐败）或作为伪造的手段。Sodium nitrite shall not be used to cover food defects (such as mildew, corruption) or as a means of forgery.必须是列入国家食品添加剂使用卫生标准GB2760的品种。Must be included in the national food additive standard GB-2760 variety.必须按照食品添加剂使用卫生标准中的使用范围和使用量使用。In the use of the scope and usage, it must be in accordance with the hygiene standards of food additives”.须向食品添加剂的供货商索取卫生许可证和检验报告单，应注意许可项目和发证日期，如果使用的是复合添加剂，在许可证上必须有标明。Supplier of food additives are required to obtain health permits and the inspection report. The project should pay attention to licensing and certification of the date. If you are using composite additive, the permit must be marked.必须在专业的食品添加剂商店购买。Food additives must be bought in a professional store.每次使用须有食品添加剂使用记录，并予以保存。Each use, use of food additives shall be recorded and preserved.最大使用量：Maximum usage: 亚硝酸钠的最大使用量为0.15 g/kg，以亚硝酸钠计，残留量小于等于30mg/kg。Maximum use of sodium nitrite was 0.15 g / kg, the total sodium nitrite, residual volume should be less than or equal to 30mg/kg.世界食品卫生科学委员会1992年发布的人体安全摄入亚硝酸钠的标准为00.1体重；若换算成亚硝酸盐，其标准为04.260千克体重，按此标准使用和食用，对人体不会造成危害。World Scientific Committee on Food Hygiene released in 1992, human safety standards of sodium nitrite intake from 0 to 0.1 mg / kg body weight; if converted to nitrite, the standard 0 to 4.2 mg / 60 kg body weigh. Using and eating by this standard will not cause harm to the human body.图标：Icon:包装袋上要有牢固清晰的黑色标志，内容包括：生产厂名称、产品名称、商标、等级、批号或生产日期、净重、本标准编号和GB 190所规定的图9 氧化剂标志、图11 有毒品标志以及GB191所规定的图4 怕热标志、图6 怕湿标志。并应在包装袋背面中间涂刷一道10cm宽的黑色条带。Clear and strong black marks on the bags , including: manufacturing plant names, product names, trademarks, grade, batch number or production date, weight, and the standard number GB 190 under the Figure 9 oxidant sign, Figure 11 signs of dangerous drugs and GB191 under Figure 4 span sign, Figure 6 afraid of wet flag. And 10cm wide black bands should be painted in the middle of the back of a bag 氧化剂标志 有毒品标志 怕热标志 怕湿标志oxidant logo signs of drugs span sign afraid of the wet flag潜在危害：Potential hazards:由于其具有咸味且价钱便宜，常在非法食品制作时用作食盐的不合理替代品，因为亚硝酸钠有毒，含有工业盐的食品对人体危害很大。It is often used as substitute for salt in production of illegal food because of its salty taste and the cheap. Because sodium nitrite is toxic, food contains industrial salt is harmful to the human body.健康危害： 毒作用为麻痹血管运动中枢、呼吸中枢及周围血管；形成高铁血红蛋白。急性中毒表现为全身无力、头痛、头晕、恶心、呕吐、腹泻、胸部紧迫感以及呼吸困难；检查见皮肤粘膜明显紫绀。严重者血压下降、昏迷、死亡。接触工人手、足部皮肤可发生损害。 Health hazards: toxic effects as paralyzing vasomotor center, respiratory center and peripheral vascular, forming methemoglobin. Acute poisoning shows general weakness, headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, thoracic urgent sense and difficulty in breathing; when examined, significant skin mucous membranes is cyanotic . In severe cases, blood pressure lower, coma and death. Being exposed to hand or foot, skin damage can occur.燃爆危险： 本品助燃Explosion risk: This product could help combustion.使用案例：Use Case:浙江绍兴一家快餐店的厨师在进行肉制品加工过程中，为加快鸡腿、鸡柳腌制速度，违反操作规程，严重超量使用了由杭州电化集团公司生产的食品添加剂亚硝酸钠，结果造成4名食客中毒。事后，快餐店店主姜某、王某除向4名受害人赔偿损失及支付医药费合计11292元外，还被卫生部门课以罚款5000元。两店主心有不甘，把食品添加剂生产厂家杭州电化集团公司告上了法庭，向该公司索赔5万元。日前，法院依法作出一审判决，判令被告杭州电化集团公司赔偿给原告姜某、王某损失费计829494元。事发后，绍兴市卫生监督所即派员赴现场对该起中毒事件开展调查，经调查取证、采样检验等有关程序后查明，该起事件系由快餐店所聘的厨师鲁某而引起，从采集样品的检验分析看，亚硝酸钠含量分别超过国家标准的305倍、278倍、247倍，由此造成他人食物中毒。A fast food restaurant cook, violate the rules over-using food additives sodium nitrite what is produced by Hangzhou Electrochemical Group company, to speed up the chicken, chicken fillet marinated speed during meat processing , resulting in four diners poisoning in Shaoxing Zhejiang. Subsequently, the fast food shop owners Kang, Wang not only compensated for the four victims total loss and medical expenses paid 11,292 Yuan, but also was fined 5,000 Yuan by the Ministry of Health. Afterward, Two shopkeepers sued food additives manufacturer Hangzhou Electrochemical Group, claimed 5 million. Recently, the court shall first instance verdict: defendant Hangzhou Electrochemical Group Company was ordered to compensate the plaintiff Kang, Wang damages total 8294.94 Yuan. After the incident, Shaoxing City Health Authority sends experts to investigate the poisoning effect. After the investigation and evidence collection, sampling and testing and other related procedures, they found the incident caused by the fast-food restaurants chefs Mr. Lu .Looking from the test analysis of collected samples, the sodium nitrite content is more than the national standard of 305 times, 278 times, 247 times, which causes others to food poisoning.亚硝酸钠应急处置：Sodium nitrite emergency response:皮肤接触：脱去被污染的衣着，用肥皂水和清水彻底冲洗皮肤。Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, wash skin thoroughly with soap and water 眼睛接触：提起眼睑，用流动清水或生理盐水冲洗。就医。Eye contact: Did eyelid, wash it by mobile water or physiological saline. Then go to see doctor.吸入：迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。保持呼吸道通畅。如呼吸困难，给输氧。如呼吸停止，立即进行人工呼吸。就医。Inhalation: Leave the scene rapidly, go to places where air is fresh .Keep the airway open. If someone has difficulties in breathing, he or she needs oxygen therapy. If someone stops breath, please give her or him a artificial respiration. At last ,give medical treatment to the people.食入：饮足量温水，催吐。就医。Ingestion: Drink enough water to induce vomiting. Look for medical treatment.呼吸系统防护：空气中浓度较高时，应该佩戴自吸过滤式防尘口罩。必要时，佩戴自给式呼吸器。Respiratory system protection: We should wear self-priming filter brand-newly type dust mask if concentration is higher in air. We should wear self-contained breathing apparatus when it is necessary.眼睛防护：戴化学安全防护眼镜。Eye protection: Wear protective chemical safe glasses.身体防护：穿胶布防毒衣。Physical protection: Wear protective clothing tape.手防护：戴橡胶手套。Hand protection: Wear rubber gloves.其他防护：工作毕，淋浴更