M3U3语法主谓一致.doc

主谓一致（一） 主谓一致的语法一致原则1.以-s结尾的国名、地名或学科名作主语时，形式上是复数，但是谓语动词用单数。Her mathematics/politics/physics/ is weak.The news was so exciting. The economics here is developing very quickly.2. 有些主语单数形式，但复数意义，（crowd, police,cattle,the public）谓语动词用复数。The crowd were shouting loudly.3.clothing, furniture, traffic, jewellery, baggage, equipment, luggage 等无生命的集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Clothing is badly needed in this flooded area. 4. 主语是“a series of , a kind of , a piece of , a pair of等+名词”结构时，谓语动词用单数。This pair of glasses is very expensive.This kind of book(=a book of this kind) sells well.5. “a number of +名词复数”作主语，谓语动词用复数；“the number of+名词复数”作主语谓语动词用单数The number of people invited was fifty, but a number of them were absent for different reasons.6. 主语后有with, together with, along with, except, besides, as well as,including, in addition to, but, rather than, like 等短语时，谓语动词的数要和这些短语前面的名词的单复数保持一致。Mr. Green together with his children goes to the park every Sunday.7. 表示单一概念的动名词、不定式或从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。但是what引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要取决于作表语的名词的单复数。When and where to go for the on-salary holiday has not been decided yet.What we need is more time.What we need are doctors.8. something, everything, nothing等作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。When he came back, nothing was the same as before.9.名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只指商店、工厂、住宅等，作主语时，动词一般用单数。常见的省略名词的有the bakers, the barbers, the carpenters, the Zhangs等The doctors is across the street.诊所在街道的对面。My uncles is not far from here. 我叔叔家离这儿不远。注意：表示店铺的名词，一般作集体名词看待，但用作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。Richardsons have a lot of goods to sell.10.every/each/no+名词单数 and every/each/no+名词单数作主语时，谓语动词仍用单数；但each放在由and连接的并列单数主语之后，修饰复数概念的主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。Every boy and every girl likes English.Milk , cream and bread each are my favorite.11.“one and a half+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。12.“more than one +名词单数或many a +名词单数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；More+复数名词+than one+V复数。13. 由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等s 结尾的专有名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 The Olympic Games are held once every four years.14. “the only one of+名词复数+定语从句谓语动词用单数；one of +名词复数+定从中 v. 复数Jack is the only one of the students that is a boy.Jack is one of the students that are boys.（二） 主谓一致的意义一致原则1.表示时间/金钱/距离/重量/数量的复数名词作主语，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。Ten pounds was missing from the till(钱柜).2. 名词化的形容词作主语。如果主语为“the +形容词/分词”结构指人时，谓语动词用复数,这类词有：the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the oppressed, the wounded, the unemployed等；但少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个体，则用单数。例如：The rich are to help the poor.The wounded was a young boy.如果表示抽象的概念，谓语动词用单数。The new is sure to take the place of the old.3.主语为family, team, group, government等集合名词时，如果看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数；如果侧重其中的个体，谓语动词用复数。His family is a happy one in my opinion.His family are all sitting in the sofa watching TV.4.分数、百分数，all, some, most, half, the rest, the remaining., part of.等作主语时， 谓语动词的单复数根据其指代的含义确定。The rest of the workers are still very tired.Part of his story was not true.About three fourths of the earths surface is covered with water.5. 在算术运算的句式中，谓语动词既可用单数，也可用复数。单数较常见。Five plus four is/are nine.Two times five is/are ten.6.单复数同形的名词（sheep, means,works(工厂)， species, Chinese, Japanese）作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单数还是复数。A sheep is eating grass over there.Some sheep are eating grass there.7.在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。Between the two windows hangs a picture.8. 用and 或bothand连接并列主语，谓语动词常用复数形式。但是，并列主语如果指的是同一个人/事物/概念时，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and 后面的名词前没有冠词。Plastics and rubber never rot.Walking and riding are good exercises.A knife and fork is on the table.Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.9. a lot of/ lots of /a large quantity of+名词作主语时，谓语动词根据这里的名词； Large quantities of +名词，谓语动词用复数；a large amout of/a great deal of+不可数名词+V单数；a large number of +名词复数+V复数10. 代词作主语1）名词性物主代词作主语时，谓语动词既可以用单数，也可用复数，取决于它所代替的内容。Ours (our party) is a great party.2) such, the same起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单数还是复数。Such is our plan. Such are his words.3) 关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句作主语时，其谓语动词应与句中先行词的数一致。Those who want to go please put up your hands.Some the energy that is used by man comes from the sun.He is one the students who have passed the exam.He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.4) 疑问代词who,what,which作主语时，谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单复数。Who lives（live） next door? It is Xiao Liu（your classmates）？5）不定代词any, either, neither, none, all, some, more等作主语时，有以下两种情况：单独作主语时，视其在文中的意义，动词用单数或复数形式Now all has been changed.All are present.Either, neither单独作主语时，谓语通常用单数。但后接of+N.时，若of的宾语为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数；若of的宾语为复数名词或代词时，谓语动词可以是单数，也可以是复数。Either of the two stories is interesting.Do(es) any of you know his address?None of them has(have) seen the film.（三） 主谓一致的就近原则1. 由or, eitheror, neithernor, notbut, not onlybut also.等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的单复数要与最靠近的主语的单复数形式保持一致。Either you or the headmaster is to hand out the prizes to those gifted students at the meeting. In the classroom, one or two students are studying English.2. 在倒装句及there be, here be结构中，谓语动词往往与最靠近的一个主语保持一致。There is a computer and some books on the table.【当堂检测】Multiple choice1. The number of people invited _fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were2. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are3One or two days _ enough to see the city Ais Bare Cam Dbe4Neither my wife nor I myself _ able to persuade my daughter to change her mind Ais Bare Cam Dbe5Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another Ais Bare Cam Dbe4Not the teacher，but the students _ looking forward to seeing the film Ais Bare Cam Dbe6Nobody but Betty and Mary _ late for class yesterday Awas Bwere Chas been Dhave been7A woman with some children _ soon Ais coming Bare coming Chas come Dhave come8No one except my parents _ anything about this。 Aknow Bknows Cis known Dare known9The teacher as well as the students _ the book already Ahas read Bhave read Care reading Dis reading10All but one _ in the accidentAwas killed Bwere killed Cwill be killed Dare killed Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of BE.1.His clothing very fashionable and his sisters clothes still very rare here.Why is it that so many people think that being perfect is the way to go?(be)2.My head teacher treats me as though she my mother.(be)3.As is well known to all, the public （be）the masters of the world.4.What the remote areas need _ education to children and what the children need _ good textbooks at the moment.(be)5.There some cheese and some butter on the plate.(be)【课后巩固练习】Multiple choice1. Not only the students but also the teacher _ the result fo the boys disapperance.A. is looking forward to know B. are looking forward to knowing C. is looking forward to knowing D. are looking forward to know2. - Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, _ to go to university.- So do I . A. hope B. hopes C. hoping D. hoped3. Every man and (every ) woman _ part in the election.A. is to take B. are to take C. is to told D. are to told4. _ given an English name by their English teacher.A. They each was B. They each were C. Everyone of them was D. Each of them were5. Toms teacher and friend _ Mr. Smith.A. are B. is C. are being D. has6. On each side of the street _ a lot of trees.A. stands B. grow C. is standing D. are grown7. The number of the people who _ cars _ increasing.A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are8.Such poets as Shakespeare widely read，of whose works，however，some _ difficult to understandAare；are Bis；is Care；is Dis：are9.It is reported that many a new house at present in the disaster area. A. are being built B. were being built C. was being built D. is being built10. More than one red coat for the sunlight is very strong all the time.A.has fadedB.have fadedC.has disappearedD.have disappeared11.-Is everyone here? -Not yetLook , there_ the rest of our guests!A. come B. comes C. is coming D. are coming12.Listening to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers.A. is B. are C. has D. have13.Its Saturday afternoon and Tom together with two of his classmates _ new tricks on the skating ramp.A. has tried B. have tried C. is trying D. are trying14.Listening attentively in class and reviewing in time_ a sure way to improve your learning, and this is especially true _ it comes to standard tests.A. is;when B. are;when C. is;while D. are;as15.My child wants an English novel which_ well.Will this one_?A. sells;do B. sells;work C. is sold;do D. is sold;work16.Those who have questions to ask _ to my office after class，_?Acomes；will you Bcome；dont they Ccome；will you Dcomes；dont they17. John as well as the other children who _ no parents _ good care of in the center.A. have；is being taken B. have；has taken C. has；is takenD. has；have been taken18.It is common sense that only if the green light comes on _ to pass the crossing.Aare the traffic allowed Bthe traffic are allowed Cthe traffic is allowed Dis the traffic allowed19.As a result of the earthquake, two thirds of the buildings in the area _.Aneed repairing Bneeds repairing Cneeds to be repaired D. need to repair20.She is one of the _ workers who_praised yesterday.Awoman；was Bwomen；were Cwoman；were Dwomen；was21.With more forest being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _ each year.A.is washingB.is being washed awayC.are washing awayD.are being washed away22.The famous writer as well as his wife and daughter, said to_ our party,but so far they .A.are;have attended;dont turn upB.is;have attended;havent turned upC.is;attend;havent turned up D.are;attend;dont turn up23. All the employees except the manager to work online at home.A.encourages B.en