浙江省2015-2016学年高考英语二轮复习 科普知识阅读理解(6).doc

科普知识阅读理解（6）科普知识（阅读理解）由 (2012重庆,D)改编To take the apple as a forbidden fruit is the most unlikely story the Christians (基督教徒)have ever cooked up.For them,the forbidden fruit from Eden is evil (邪恶的).So when Columbus brought the tomato back from South America,a land mistakenly considered to be Eden,everyone jumped to the obvious conclusion.Wrongly taken as the apple of Eden,the tomato was shut out of the door of Europeans.What made it particularly terrifying was its similarity to the mandrake,a plant that was thought to have come from Hell (地狱).What earned the plant its awful reputation was its roots which looked like a dried-up human body occupied by evil spirits.Though the tomato and the mandrake were quite different except that both had bright red or yellow fruit,the general population considered them one and the same,too terrible to touch.Cautious Europeans long ignored the tomato,and until the early 1700s most of the Western people continued to drag their feet.In the 1880s,the daughter of a well-known plant expert wrote that the most interesting part of an afternoon tea at her fathers house had been the “introduction of this wonderful new fruitor is it a vegetable?”As late as the twentieth century some writers still classed tomatoes with mandrakes as an “evil fruit”.But in the end tomatoes carried the day.The hero of the tomato was an American named Robert Johnson,and when he was publicly going to eat the tomato in 1820,people journeyed for hundreds of miles to watch him drop dead.“What are you afraid of?” he shouted.“Ill show you fools that these things are good to eat!” Then he bit into the tomato.Some people fainted.But he survived and,according to a local story,set up a tomato-canning factory.1.The tomato was shut out of the door of early Europeans mainly because .A.it made Christians evil B.it was the apple of Eden C.it came from a forbidden landD.it was religiously unacceptable 2.What can we infer from the underlined part in Paragraph 3?()A.The process of ignoring the tomato slowed down.B.There was little progress in the study of the tomato.C.The tomato was still refused in most western countries.D.Most western people continued to get rid of the tomato.3.What is the main reason for Robert Johnson to eat the tomato publicly?()A.To make himself a hero.B.To remove peoples fear of the tomato.C.To speed up the popularity of the tomato.D.To persuade people to buy products from his factory.4.What is the main purpose of the passage?()A.To challenge peoples fixed concepts of the tomato.B.To give an explanation to peoples dislike of the tomato.C.To present the change of peoples attitudes to the tomato.D.To show the process of freeing the tomato from religious influence.语篇解读:西红柿开始被人类食用经历了一个非常复杂的过程,本文主要介绍了西红柿从最初被认为是邪恶的水果到被接受的过程。答案及剖析:1.D事实细节题。根据第一段可知,人们误以为西红柿是伊甸园中的邪恶苹果(在圣经中,亚当和夏娃被狡猾的蛇引诱而误食的禁果)所以把它拒之门外。2.C句义理解题。根据第三段的第一句“Cautious Europeans long ignored the tomato.”和最后一句可知,在西方大部分国家,人们仍然拒绝食用西红柿。3.B推理判断题。Robert Johnson当众吃西红柿向人们证明西红柿是无毒的,以除去人们对西红柿的恐惧心理。4.C主旨大意题。文章写了西红柿被哥伦布带到欧洲后人们对它的态度从拒绝到接受的转变过程,故答案为C。【长难句子分析】What earnedthe plant its awful reputation主语从句 was系动词 its定语 roots表语 whichlooked like a dried-up human body定语从句 (occupied by evil spirits.)分词作定语定语从句给这种植物带来坏名誉的是它的根,它看上去就像一具被妖怪占据的人类干尸。阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。【2013江西师大附中三模】An older friend once gave me a piece of advice，“Enjoy the last few weeks of college，” she said，“since college is the best time of your life.”This was not the first time Id heard such a statement，but with graduation fast coming close，her words especially struck me.It seemed a bit disappointing to reach ones life peak at only 22 years of age，but in her opinion，college had been one of the best times in my life so far.I made friends，took classes，and learned a great deal about myself.But I was also excited for the time after collegemoving to a new city，starting a new job，and becoming a “real” person.I hoped that my great dreams were practical.Then，last week I read a column in Real Simple Magazine called 100 Years of Attitude，in which women 100 years or older shared their life experiences and views.I noticed that none of them considered college as the “best” time of their life.Not all of them went to college，but still in most cases their teens and twenties were not the best times of their life.They said some of their favorite times were raising their children，traveling after retirement，and even enjoying their present time and age.Enjoying ones present time and age was a clear theme of the interviews.A piece of advice given by the women was about the importance of making the best of all situations.I think it more accurate than that of my friend；I can say with certainty that if I am lucky enough to make it to 100.I refuse to spend the last 80 years of my life plummeting (跌落) downhill，or even leveling off.I am sure that our eagerness and devotion will make us college students live a meaningful life.We will not just look backwards or miss our college days.We will look forward in excitement about continued journey uphill.1Which of the following opinions does the writer agree with?ACollege is the best time of ones life.BTwenties were the best time of the old people.COne should make the best of all situations.DOne should not look backwards at their college time.2In the second paragraph，the writer wants to say_.Aher achievements in college would be the peak of her successBshe is looking forward to living as a “real” person in collegeCshe becomes more and more uneasy with graduationDshe is satisfied with the college life but is hopeful for the future3The column the writer read is mainly about those old womens_.Abest time of life at youth Blife experiences and viewsCdifferent opinions about lifeDfavorite time with best friends4By saying “I refuse to spend the last 80 years of my life plummeting downhill，or even leveling off” (in Paragraph 4)，the writer really means_.Ashe will not spend the rest of her time at collegeBshe will not just obtain a college level certificateCshe will not be satisfied with what she has already accomplishedDshe will not be content with the life in the future5Which of the following words can be used to describe the writer?AAmbitious.BPractical.CImaginative. DProud.语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。都说大学是人生最辉煌的时光，但文中的作者却给出了不同的观点。1解析：细节理解题。根据文章第四段第二、三句“A piece of advice given by the women.making the best of all situations.I think it more accurate than that of my friend.”可知，答案C符合文意。答案：C2解析：段落大意题。根据文章第二段最后三句可知，作者对现在的大学生活很满意，但同时对未来也充满了期待，故答案D符合文意。答案：D3解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句中的“.in which women 100 years or older shared their life experiences and views.”可知，答案B正确。答案：B4解析：句意理解题。根据对文章最后一段的整体理解可知，作者并不满足现有的成就，而是要继续下去，把整个人生都活得精彩、生动。由此可推知，答案C符合文意。答案：C5解析：推理判断题。根据对文章的整体理解，尤其是最后一段可推知，作者是一个不满足于现状的年轻人，是一个积极进取的人。故答案A“有抱负的”符合文意。答案：A阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。【2013潍坊5月模拟】Rae and Bruce Hostetler not only work very hard，they also relax just as well.Numerous vacations help the couple to maintain their health and emotional wellbeingand its no surprise to health care professionals.“Rest，relaxation，and stress reduction are very important for peoples wellbeing and health.This can be accomplished through daily activities，such as exercise and meditation，but vacation is an important part of this as well，” said primary care physician Natasha Withers from One Medical Group in New York.Withers lists a decreased risk of heart disease and improved reaction time as some of the benefits from taking some time off.“We also know that the mind is very powerful and can help with healing，so a rested，relaxed mind is able to help the body heal better，” said Withers.Psychologists confirm the value of vacations for the mind.“The impact that taking a vacation has on ones mental health is great，” said Francine Lederer，a clinical psychologist in Los Angeles who specializes in stress and relationship management.“Most people have better life perspective and are more motivated to achieve their goals after a vacation，even if it is a 24hour timeout.” The trips could be good for their health，good for their family and good for their businesses.The online travel agency Expedia conducted a survey about vacation time in 2010，and according to their data the average American earned 18 vacation daysbut only used 14 of them.France topped the list，with the average worker earning 37 vacation days and using all but two of them.Americans responses may not be surprising in a culture where long hours on the job often are valued，but thats not always good for the individual，the family or the employer.Psychologists have also found that people who dont take enough time to relax may find it harder to relax in the future.“Without time and opportunity to do this，the nerve connections that produce feelings of calm and peacefulness become weaker，making it actually more difficult to shift into lessstressed states，” Mulhern said.1How did the author introduce the topic of the text?ABy making comparisons.BBy giving an example.CBy raising questions.DBy providing data.2According to Natasha Withers，vacations can_.Aweaken reaction system Bcure serious diseasesCreduce the level of wellbeing Ddecrease the risk of heart disease3Expedias survey shows that Americans_.Adislike family gatheringsBhave the shortest vacationCenjoy as many vacations as the FrenchDthink much