专题考点复习●情态动词(2017版).doc

情态动词一、基本用法1. can(1)(表示能力)能；会She can drive, but she cant ride a bicycle.【注】could表示“原来具备某种能力，现在没有这种能力了”，但was/were able to则表示过去成功地做成了某事。I could swim all the way across the lake，but I cant now.我原来能游过这个湖，但现在不能了。The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out.大火很快蔓延了整个旅馆，但全体人员都脱离了危险。(2)(表示可能、许可)能够；可以“Can I use your telephone？” “Yes，of course you can.”You cant park your car in this street.(3) (用于疑问句中，表请求、提议)能不能；要不要Can you give me a lift to the station?Cant you lend me ten dollars？请你借给我10美元吧？(4) can可作“有时候会”解，意思是平时或大部分时间不是这样子，只是偶尔发生的事情。如：It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it can be rather cold sometimes/at times.Babies are lovely, but sometimes they can be tiresome.婴儿是可爱的，但是他们有时候也可能令人厌烦。(5) 表示推测（可能性）can 可用于肯定句中表示客观的（理论的）可能性，即并不涉及某事是否会发生，此用法常常可以说明人或者事物的特征。can在肯定句中一般不用于表示具体事情实际发生的可能性。Accidents can happen on such rainy days.这样的多雨天气可能会发生事故。（客观的可能性）We may go to the cinema tonight, but we are not sure yet.今晚我们可能去看电影，但是还没确定。（实际的可能性，不能用can）(6)有关can 的固定句式：can not/can never.too.或cannot.enough “无论怎么也不过分；越越好；非常”。One cannot be too careful. 越认真越好。I cannot thank you enough. 我对你感激不尽。cannot help doing/ but do./ cannnot but do. “禁不住；不由得；不得不”。I cannot help admiring the picture whenever I look at it.When a close friend dies，you cannot but feel sad.练习：1. Im afraid Mr. Harding _ see you now. Hes busy.A. cant B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. neednt 2. Peter _be really difficult at times even though hes a nice person in general. A. shall B. should C. can D. must2. may(1)(表准许、请求)可以You may go home now，Susan.苏珊，你现在可以回家了。May I have a word with you，please？我可以跟你说句话吗？(2)(表愿望、祝福)但愿；祝。此时，句子要用倒装语序。May you succeed！祝你成功！(3)(用于目的状语从句中)为了；为了能够He works hard so that he may get good grades.(4)(用于让步状语从句中)即使；无论Whatever he may say，I dont believe him.(5)构成句型：may/might as well do sth. “还是做某事的好；不妨去做某事”Since weve got nothing better to do，we might as well go for a walk.既然我们没什么更好的事情可做，我们不妨去散散步。may well do很可能，有充分理由做某事的意思练习：1. I take the book out? w_Im afraid not. A. Will B. May C. Must D. Need2. The traffic is heavy these days. I arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place?A.can B. must C.need D. might3. must(1)(表义务、必要性、命令)必须，得，要“Must/need I wash the dishes at once？”“No，you neednt.”“我得立刻洗这些盘子吗？”“不，不必。”Animals must eat to live.为了活下去，动物必须吃东西。【注】mustnt表“禁止、不准”。You mustnt play with the knife；you may hurt yourself.你不可玩刀子，你会把自己割伤的。(2)(表必然性)必定Everyone must die.每个人都必定会死。(3)(表固执、不满等)偏偏；硬要；偏要If you must know，Im going to help him look for an apartment.如果你偏要知道，那我告诉你，我要去帮助他找一套公寓。练习：1. “You _ have a wrong number,” she said. “Theres no one of that name here.”A. need B. can C. must D. would 2. Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _ be regular exercise.A. can B. will C. must D. may 4. shall(1)用于疑问句中，与第一、三人称连用，表示征求对方的意见Shall she go to the concert with us this evening?Shall we go out for a walk?【注】may用于征求对方的许可，shall用于征求对方的意见或指示。May I have a look？我能看一下吗？Shall I have a look？要我看一下吗？(2)用于第二、三人称，表示说话人的命令、警告、强制、允诺、威胁或决心等Dont worry. You shall get the answer this very afternoon.不要焦急，今天下午你就会得到答复。(允诺)He shall be sorry one day. I tell you.我告诉你，他早晚有一天会后悔的。(警告)(3)(用于法律、规则等条文中)应，须，得The fine shall be given in cash.罚款应以现金缴纳。shant练习：1. I havent got the reference book yet, but Ill have a test on the subject next month. Dont worry. You_ have it by Friday. （2010江苏卷）A. could B. shallC. must D. may 2. “The interest be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the judge.A. may B. shouldC. must D. shall5. should(1)(表义务、责任)应该We should attend the meeting.我们应该参加这次会议。Should a doctor tell a patient he is going to die?(2)(表预期)应该会，想必会，一定会吧The concert should be great fun.音乐会一定会很有意思。(3)(表惊讶、遗憾)竟然；居然Im glad that your story should have won the first prize.我很高兴你的小说居然赢得头奖。(4)(与疑问词连用，表示意外、纳闷、惊讶等)究竟是；到底Who should come in but my old friend Betty！我当是谁进来了呢，原来是我的老朋友贝蒂呀！(5)(用于条件状语从句中)一旦；万一If she should know the truth，she would be greatly depressed.万一她知道了实情，她将会非常失望。Should you change your mind，let us know.你一旦改变主意，就通知我们。(6)(用于表示命令、建议、请求的动词后面的that从句中，且should可省略)应该；必须She demanded that they (should) leave at once.她要求他们立即离开。(7)(用于以lest，for fear that，in case引导的状语从句中)以免；唯恐She gave me a list just in case I should forget what to buy.她给了我一张清单，以免我忘记买些什么。练习：1. -Sorry, Professor Smith. I didnt finish the assignment yesterday.-Oh, you have done it as yesterday was the deadline. A. must B. mustnt C. should D. shouldnt2. I_ have watched that movie itll give me horrible dreams. A. shouldnt B. neednt C. couldnt D. mustnt6. would(1)(表过去的习惯性动作)(从前)常常；经常We would stay up all night talking about our future.那时候，我们常常彻夜谈论我们的将来。(2)(表示说话者的厌烦、焦躁)老是；偏要Thats exactly like Susie. She would come to me just when I was busy. 苏西就是那个样子，她老是在我忙碌的时候来找我。(3)(用于否定句中，主语一般是事物，表示某事物暂时的特性)就是(不能)That window wouldnt open.那扇窗户打不开。wont(4)表示请求或个人的想法、看法，使语气婉转Would you mind if I opened the window？我打开窗户你不介意吧？(5)情愿，愿意练习：1. I still remember my happy childhood when my mother _ take me to Disneyland at weekends.A. might B. must C. would D. should2. Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but _say where he was.A. mustntB. shouldntC. wouldntD. mightnt二、情态动词表推测情态动词must，can/could，may/might可以用来对事情进行推测。must表推测时只能用于肯定句，是对现在或过去的事情进行的推测，不能表对将来事情的推测，语气非常肯定，译为“一定”。can/could表推测时一般用于否定句或疑问句，也是对现在或过去的事情进行推测，但could偶尔可用于肯定推测。may/might表推测时一般用于肯定句或否定句，可对现在、过去或将来的事情进行推测，语气不很肯定，译为“可能”。此时，一般有两种结构：“情态动词be”和“情态动词have done”。1. “情态动词be”结构通常用来对现在或将来的状况进行推测。The light is still on. He must be working in the office now, ? 灯还亮着，他现在一定还在办公室工作着。Michael cant be a policeman， ?for hes much too short. 麦克不可能是警察，因为他太矮了。He may be in the classroom ?Ill go and make sure. 他或许在教室里，我去弄弄清楚。2. “情态动词have done”结构用于对过去事情的推测。I didnt hear the phone. I must have been asleep, ?我当时没有听到电话响，我一定是睡着了。Tom hasnt come back yet. He may have missed the bus again, ?汤姆还没有回来，他可能又没赶上班车。Jack cant have arrived yet；otherwise, he would have telephoned me.杰克不可能来到，否则，他会给我来电话的。三、情态动词表责备语气情态动词should，ought to，could，might，need等常用来表示说话人对过去事情的不满或遗憾，带有较强烈的责备语气。1. should (ought to) have done “本应该”，表示过去应该做而(实际)没有做的事情，含有责备或遗憾的语气，其否定形式为“should not/ought not to have done”。I told Sally how to get there，but perhaps I should have written it out for her.当时我告诉了莎丽如何去那儿，但或许我还是该给她写出来为好。【注】should have done还可以表示惊讶、赞叹等情绪。Its wonderful that you should have achieved so much in these years.太神奇了，这几年你竟然取得了这么大的成就。2. could/might have done “本来能够(会)”，表示过去本来可以(能够)做某事，但实际上没有做到。【注】might have done和could have done除了表对过去事情的推测外，还可表示一种责备语气，意为“(过去)本来可以(能够)做某事，但实际上没有做到”，此时不能用may或can。He might have given you more help，even though he was very busy.即使再忙，他也可能再多给你一些帮助的。I didnt go to class last night because my car broke down.You could have borrowed mine. I wasnt using it.“我昨晚没去上课，我的车坏了。”“那你该借我的呀，我那时没用它。”3. neednt have done“本来不需要”，表示过去本来没有必要做某事，但事实上却做了。There was plenty of time. She neednt have hurried.当时时间很充足，她本没有必要那么匆忙的。【随堂演练】1. Im sorry. I _ at you the other day. Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. A. shouldnt shoutB. shouldnt have shoutedC. mustnt shoutD. mustnt have shouted2. She looks very happy. She _ have passed the exam. I guess so. Its not difficult after all. A. shouldB. couldC. mustD. might3. I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They at least 150 kilometers an hour.A. should have been doing B. must have been doing C. could have doneD. would have done4. Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today?Somethingto him.A. must happen B. should have happenedC. could have happened D. must have happened5. The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.Oh, dear! Shea lot of difficulties!A. may go throughB. might go throughC. ought to have gone throughD. must have gone through6. He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he it differently.A. could express B. would expressC. could have expressed D. must have expressed 7. What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, hebetter.A. need have done B. must have doneC. can have doneD. might have done8. Happy birthday!Thank you! Its the best present Ifor.A. should have wished B. must have wished C. may have wished D. could have wished9.I dont care what people think.Well, you _ . A. could B. would C. shouldD. might10. What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There be twelve.A. should B. would C. willD. shall11. The doctor recommended that you swim after eating a large meal.A. wouldnt B. couldnt C. neednt D. shouldnt 12. According to the air traffic rules, you _ switch off your mobile phone before boarding. A. mayB. canC. wouldD. should13. Therebe any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practised a lot in the driving school.A. mustntB. shant C. shouldntD. neednt14. The door _ open, no matter how hard she pushed. A. shouldnt B. couldnt C. wouldnt D. mightnt15. Hehave completed his work; otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside.A. should B. must C. wouldntD. cant16. You _ be hungry already you had lunch only two hours ago! A. wouldntB. cantC. mustntD. neednt17. She _ have left school, for her bike is still here. A. cantB. wouldntC. shouldntD. neednt18. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I dont think we _ it without you. A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manageD. can have managed19. Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.Youit in the wrong place.A. must put B. should have putC. might put D. might have put20. I _ myself moreit was a perfect day.A. shouldnt have enjoyedB. neednt have enjoyed C. wouldnt have enjoyedD. couldnt have enjoyed21. It _ be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.A. mayB. couldntC. shouldD. neednt22. Why didnt you come to Simons party last night? I wanted to, but my mom simply _ not let me out so late at night.A. could B. might C. would D. should23. You dont have to know the name of the author to find a book. You _find the book by the title. A. mustB. needC. canD. would24. The biggest problem for most plants, whichjust get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them.A. shant B. cant C. needntD. mustnt25. My MP4 player isnt in my bag. WhereI have put it?A. canB. must C. shouldD. would26. If Iplan to do anything I wanted to, Id like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.A. would B. could C. had toD. ought to27. We hope that as many people as possible join us for the picnic tomorrow.A. need B. must C. shouldD. can28. Some aspects of a pilots jobbe boring, and pilots oftenwork at inconvenient hours.A. can; have toB. may; canC. have to; mayD. ought to; must29. One of the few things you _ say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather.A. need B. must C. should D. can30. Just be patient .You _ expect the world to change so soon.A. cant B. neednt C. may not D. whether31. Liza _ well not want to go on the trip - she hates traveling. A. willB. canC. mustD. may32. -I cant find my purse anywhere.-You have lost it while shopping. A. may B. canC. shouldD. would33. Although this sound like a simple task, great care is needed. A. mustB. mayC. shallD. should34. I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao” just as I _ do in China.A. must B. might C. can D. should 35. Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.Youhave my computer if you dont take care of it.A. shant B. might not C. needntD. shouldnt36. What does the sign over there read? “No personsmoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area.”A. will B. may C. shallD. must37. Will you read me a story, Mummy? OK. You _ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.A. might B. must C. could D. shall38. What are you doing this Saturday? Im not sure, but I _ go to the Rolling Stones concertA. mustB. wouldC. shouldD. might39. You neednt take an umbrella. It isnt going to rain.Well, I dont know. It _ do.A. mightB. needC. wouldD. should40. You par