英国社会保障浅析.doc

A Brief Analysis of British Social Security英国社会保障浅析The social assistance is the most ancient measure to solve the people of living difficulty, and also is the most basic item in the modern social security system, it composes modern social security system together with social insurance, social welfare etc. The category of social assistance have evolved from traditional refugee relief and social relief, the Britishs social succor have age-old development history and experience the different development stage guided by different theory and thought. In 1948, United Kingdom passes and executes the law of national rescues, thereby, which establish a citizen succor system formally. This system produces active effect to ensure the living standard of British, promote the stabile economy prosperous of British, and accelerate the Britishs politics development.Britain was the worlds first to legislate establishment of a social security system, where the welfare state is one of the typical high. The Social security system is designed to secure a basic standard of living for people in financial need “from the cradle to the grave”.Britains Social Security system, although started in the 17th century industrial revolution early, but the formal system in the building is on the 1930s, the world economic crisis, the beginning of the Second World War has just ended. Economic crisis and the war highlighted the urgent need of social security, crisis and war, it showsthat countries in the field of social security the importance of the role played intervention, at the same time, economic rehabilitation and reconstruction needs of social security also play a fundamental role in the support. British social security system includes social insurance, social assistance, social allowances three parts. The social insurance system is the UKs main social security system, social security spending accounts for the entire expenditure of around 70 percent. The type of complete social insurance, including pension, health care, unemployment, work-related injuries, maternity major insurance, covering members of society old age, illness, unemployment, occupational injuries and other conditions caused by life, and health risks. Pension insurance is the main social insurance, social insurance payments accounted for the largest share. Pension insurance is a multi-layered system. The first pillar is divided into: basic insurance, sponsored by the State and assume primary responsibility is divided into national pension and employment related pension, the former has nothing to do with employment, the participants all, the same level of treatment, with the latter linking pay period. The second pillar for occupational pension scheme, enterprises or units mainly contractors, the state is responsible for regulating and monitoring, sub-set treatment and defined-payment two types. The third pillar for personal pension funds purchased and commercial pension insurance scheme.British medical insurance system is a kind of unity between funding and services for all health care plan, the public medical services agencies to provide all citizens are basically free medical and health services, funding 90 percent from the fiscal, 10percent from personal burden. Medical services regulatory body is divided into three levels, namely, National Board of Health, local health and the district health Board, regional health bureau to provide specific management services. The patient first went to the family doctor for treatment of the Office of initial diagnosis and treatment; family doctors deem necessary, recommend to the comprehensive or specialist hospital for treatment; patients discharged after their family doctors to provide care and Recuperation services. Private medical institutions also provide some services, but of the weight is very small, only through the special needs and quality services play a complementary role. The unemployment, work-related injury and maternity insurance is taken now is to pay, employment units and I paid unemployment, work-related injury and childbearing (the latter two individuals do not pay insurance) premiums, in unemployment, work-related injury and maternity cases, their life health risks when receiving similar treatment. Social relief system is mainly directed against the community standard of living below the minimum standard of poor families and the establishment of a minimum subsistence guarantees system. Access to the families need relief after the family economic survey to prove their source of income is inadequate, there is a demonstrated need. Social assistance is the main target low-income people, the elderly poor, the unemployed and so on. Social benefits system is targeted mainly to the special needs of special populations established system of subsidies. Allowance wide range of distinction, meticulous, both targeting special groups living allowance, but also covers the wider scope of the crowd education, housing allowances. Specific including disability benefits, disease care allowances, employment injury benefits, statutory maternity benefits, the statutory sickness allowance, housing subsidies, child allowances, the ability to work with those living allowance, covering all types of the various special needs of the crowd.The social security system is designed to secure a basic standard of living for people in financial need. Nearly a third of government expenditure is devoted to the social security programmed which provides financial help for people who are elderly; sick, disabled, unemployed, widowed, bringing up children or on very low incomes. Administration in Great Britain is handled by separate executive agencies of the Department of Social Security. In Northern Ireland it is by the Social Security Agency. Contributory social security benefits include: retirement pension; unemployment pension; sickness and invalidity benefit and Maternity allowance and widows benefits. Non-contributory social security benefits include: war pensions; industrial injuries disablement benefit; child benefit and family credit. Social Security in the UK is the governments most expensive programme. The system is supported by taxpayers. Social Security payments can be made in cash from any post office or can be paid directly into a bank, building society or post office account. Social Security benefits and national insurance contributions