新编英语教程6_练习.doc

Unit OneTEXT IVESUVIUS ERUPTSII. Rewrite the followingFor each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as close in meaning as possible to the original sentence by using the given words as the beginning. 1. We were followed by a panic-stricken mob of people wanting to act on someone elses decision in preference to their own, who hurried us on our way by pressing hard behind in a dense crowd. Panic-stricken, the mob of people close behind us _ _ 2. We replied that we would not think of considering our own safety as long as we were uncertain of his. Unless we were _ 3. There were people, too, who added to the real perils by inventing fictitious dangers: some reported that part of Misenum had collapsed or another part was on fire, and though their tales were false they found others to believe them. By reporting that part of Misenum had collapsed or another part was on fire, _ 4. I could boast that not a groan or cry of fear escaped me in these perils, had I not derived some poor consolation in my mortal lot from the belief that the whole world was dying with me and I with it. Because I derived some poor consolation_ 5. Several hysterical individuals made their own and other peoples calamities seem ludicrous in comparison with their frightful predictions. Compared with several individuals frightful predictions, the calamities_ III. Translate the following into English1. 还未等我们坐下来喘息，夜幕已经降临，这黑暗使你觉得不是在无月色或多云的夜晚，而像是在灯火熄灭的紧闭的房间里。你到处都可以听到女人惊慌的尖叫，幼童的嚎啕，以及男人不安的叫喊。人们有的呼喊它们的父母，有的呼喊他们的妻儿，试图通过声音来辨认出自己的亲人；有的人悲叹自己和亲人的厄运，有的则在面临死亡的恐惧中祈求死神给他以解脱。许多人企盼神灵的帮助，但更多的人则认为这世界根本不存在神灵宇宙再次陷入了永恒的黑暗之中。2. 一远离了建筑物，我们就停了下来。在那里，我们遇到了一些不寻常的事情，令我们恐慌不已。我们叫来的几辆马车还未被带出来就开始四处乱窜，尽管地面平坦，又用石块楔，马车还是停不下来。我们还看到地震使海水猛然退下去，然后又明显地涌回来，总之海水从岸上退下去导致了大量的海洋生物搁浅在干沙上，白白等死。在朝着陆地的方向，一片黑压压的乌云被颤动着的烈焰撕开，露出几条巨大的火舌，看上去就像几道放大了的闪电。3. 到处笼罩着一片恐惧的气氛，因为余震尚未停止，而且有些情绪失控的人在散布一些可怕的预言，与他们的预言相比，她们自己的灾难和其他人的灾难显得非常荒唐可笑。但即使是在那时，尽管我们已经经历过那些危险的遭遇，尚且还有可能再次经历这些危险，母亲和我在知道舅舅的下落之前仍不打算离开。4. 最后，黑暗消散成为烟云，接着迎来了真正的阳光，太阳真的出来的，但它周围的圆晕使它显得像是在发生日食。看到所有的东西都变了样，被深深地埋在废墟和火山灰里，我们吓了一跳。我们返回迈斯林，尽力去满足自己的生理需求，然后怀着希望和恐慌的心情度过了一个焦虑的夜晚。5. 现在已是破晓时分（公元78年8月25日），天色依然昏暗。我们周围的建筑物已经摇摇欲坠，我们所在的空地太小了，所以万一房子倒塌的话，我们就会遭受没顶之灾。这促使我们终于决定离开这个小镇。我们后面跟着一大群惊慌失措的难民，他们完全没了自己的主意，只好随波逐流。（在这种情况下恐惧貌似谨慎）这一大群密密麻麻的人拼命往前挤，我们只好加快步伐逃生。IV. ClozeComplete each of the words with initial letters given in the following:By now it was dawn 25 August in the year 79, but the light was still dim and faint. The buildings (1)r us were already tottering, and the open (2)s we were in was too small for us (3)n to be in real and imminent (4)d if the house collapsed. This (5)f decided us to leave the town. We were (6)f by a panic- stricken mob of people wanting to (7)a on someone elses decision in (8)p to their own (a point in (9)w fear looks like prudence), who hurried us on our way by (10)p hard behind in a dense crowd. Once beyond the buildings we stopped, and there we had some extraordinary experiences (11)w thoroughly alarmed us. The carriages we had ordered to be brought out began to run in (12)d directions though the (13)g was quite level, and would not remain stationary even when wedged (14)w stones. We also saw the sea sucked (15)a and apparently forced back by the earthquake: at any rate it receded (16)f the shore so that quantities of sea (17)c were left stranded on dry sand. On the landward side a (18)f black cloud was rent by forked and quivering (19)b of flame, and parted to reveal (20)g tongues of fire, like flashes of lightning magnified in size.V. ProofreadingWe had scarcely sat down to rest when darkness fell, not the dark of a moonless or cloudy night, but as if the lamp had 1.been put out in a close room. You could hear the shrieks of 2.women, the wailing of infants, the shouting of men; some 3.were calling for their parents, others their children or their 4.wives, tried to recognize them by their voices. People 5.bewailed for their own fate or that of their relatives, and 6.there were some who prayed for death in their terror of 7.dying. Many besought the aid of the gods, but still more 8.imagined that there were no gods left, and that the universe 9.was plunged into an eternal darkness forevermore. There 10.were people, too, who added the real perils by inventing fictitious dangers.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. At last the darkness thinned and dispersed into 1.smoke or cloud; then there was a genuine daylight, and 2.the sun actually shone out, but yellowish as it was during 3.an eclipse. We were terrified to see everything change, 4.buried deep in ashes like snowdrifts. We returned to 5.Misenum where we attended our physical needs as best 6.we could, and then spent an eager night alternating 7.between hope and fear. Fear predominated, for the 8.earthquakes yet went on, and several hysterical 9.individuals made their own and other peoples calamities seem ludicrous in comparison with their frightful 10.predictions. But even then, in spite the dangers we had been through and were still expecting, my mother and I had still no intention of leaving until we had news of my uncle.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Text IIRewrite the followingFor each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as close in meaning as possible to the original sentence by using the given words as the beginning.1. The major land masses and the ocean basins are today much as they have been throughout the greater part of geologic time. The major land masses and the ocean basins have not_ _ 2. With few exceptions, islands are the results of the violent, explosive, earth-shaking eruptions of submarine volcanoes, working perhaps for millions of years to achieve their end. Almost all islands result_ _ 3. It is one of the paradoxes in the ways of earth and sea that a process seemingly so destructive, so catastrophic in nature, can result in an act of creation. An act of creation can result from such_ 4. Whether the destruction of an island comes quickly or only after long ages of geological time may also depend on external forces.An island may be destroyed quickly or only after long ages of geological time, _ 5. The birth of a volcanic island is an event marked by prolonged and violent travail. It takes prolonged and violent travail_ Unit TwoTEXT ITHE FINE ART OF PUTTING THINGS OFFII. Rewrite the followingFor each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as close in meaning as possible to the original sentence by using the given words as the beginning. 1. That the elegant earl never got around to marrying his sons mother and had a bad habit of keeping worthies like Dr. Johnson cooling their heels for hours in an anteroom attests to the fact that even the most well-intentioned men have been postponers ever. The fact that even the most well-intentioned men have been postponers ever can be testified _ 2. Moses pleaded a speech defect to rationalize his reluctance to deliver Jehovahs edict to Pharaoh. By saying that he had a speech defect, _ 3. Yet for all the trouble procrastination may incur, delay can often inspire and revive a creative soul. Although procrastination may_ 4. Bureaucratization, which flourished amid the growing burdens of government and the greater complexity of society, was designed to smother the policy-makers in blankets of legalism, compromise and reappraisal. The design of bureaucratization, which_ 5. There is a long and honorable history of procrastination to suggest that many ideas and decisions may well improve if postponed. Procrastination has been honored_ III. Translate the following into English1.事实上，拖延这种现象的漫长而骄人的历史本身就已经表明，许多构想和决定如果加以推迟可能会更为圆满。推迟做出决定其本身就是一个决定，这是一个自明之理。议会的办事程序，就其本质而言，就是包含了拖延与深思的一种办事制度。就此而言，这种现象同样可见于一幅油画杰作的创作，一碟菜肴的烹饪，或是一本书的编写，也可见于象布伦海姆宫这样的大楼的建造。这项工程花费了莫尔巴勒公爵手下众多建筑师和劳工整整15年的时间。2. 他的见解很有道理。在政府机构日益臃肿，社会结构日益复杂的情况下，繁琐拖拉的办事程序不断复杂，使决策者们忙于应付各种条条框框，左右全行，再三考虑，被繁琐的事务压得喘不过气来，也就无法仓促地做出决定。导致水门事件的政府集权化管理已经波及经济和其他部门，使拖延成为全世界的生活方式。许多语言中，都充满表示拖延的词语从西班牙语中的Maena到阿拉伯语中的bukrafilmishmish（文字上是“明日之杏”的意思，指的是“留待和暖的春季杏花盛开时才去做”）3. 在拖延的过程中，设计可以达到尽善尽美。事实上，欲速则不达。正如石中剑的作者TH怀特所说：“时间并非是要在一小时或一天内被匆匆吞没，而是要在不急不忙的细细品味中，一点一滴地被逐步消化。”换句话说，尊敬的切斯得菲尔得伯爵，您今天不一定要做的事，尽管拖到明天吧。4. “今天要做事决不要拖到明天，”切斯得菲尔得勋爵在1949年曾经如此劝诫人们。但是，这位举止优雅的伯爵却从来没有安排好时间娶他儿子的母亲。此外，他还有个坏习惯：老是让像约翰逊博士这样的贵客在他的接待室里等上几小时。这证明，即使是最有善意的人也曾经是个拖延者。5. 尽管拖延会带来很多麻烦，但是推迟往往能使人获得灵感并重新焕发想象力。珍凯尔是一位曾经创作了许多优秀小说和戏剧的女作家。她说，她总是习惯于把厨房里的所有糖罐头和奖品上的商品标签细读一遍才坐到打字机前开始写作。IV. Cloze“Never (1)p off till tomorrow,” exhorted (2)L Chesterfield in 1749, “(3)w_ you can do today.” (4)T the elegant earl never got (5)a to marrying his sons mother and had a bad (6)h of keeping worthies (7)l Dr. Johnson cooling their (8)h for hours in an anteroom attests to the (9)f that even the most well-intentioned men (10)h been postponers ever.His point is well taken. Bureaucratization, (11)w flourished amid the growing (12)b of government and the greater complexity of society, was designed to smother (13)p in blankets of legalism, compromise and reappraisal - and thereby (14)p_ hasty decisions from being made. The centralization of government (15)t led to Watergate has spread to economic institutions and beyond, (16)m procrastination a worldwide (17)w of life. Many languages are studded with phrases that refer to (18)p_ things off -(19)f the Spanish maiana to the Arabic bukrafil mishmish (literally “tomorrow in apricots, “ more loosely “leave it for the soft spring weather (20)w_ the apricots are blooming”).V. Proofreading: In fact, there is a long and honorable history of procrastination to suggest that many ideas and decisions may well improve if they are postponed. It is something of1.truism that to put off making a decision is itself a 2.decision. The parliament process is essentially a system 3.of delay and deliberation. So, for this matter, is the 4.creation of a great painting, or an entree, or a book, or a 5.building like Blenheim Palace, for which took the Duke 6.of Marlboroughs architects and labors 15 years to 7.construct up. In the process, the design can mellow and 8.marinate. Indeed, hurry can be the assassin of an 9.elegance. As T. H. White, author of Sword in the Stone, once wrote, time “is not meant to be devoured in an hour or 10.a day, but be consumed delicately and gradually and without haste.” 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Text IIRewrite the followingFor each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as close in meaning as possible to the original sentence by using the given words as the beginning.1. The truth of what she said seemed less important than the glee with which she said it, her pride in the snake pit shed come from. Gleefully she said it with her pride in the snake pit shed come from, _ 2. Paring away its less flattering modern connotations, we discover a kind of synonym for connection, for community, and this, it seems to me, is the primary function of gossip. With its less flattering modern connotations pared away, gossip, in my view, _ 3. Except in the case of those rare toddler-fabulists, enchanting parents and siblings with fairy tales made up on the spot, gossip may be the way that most of us learn to tell stories. Gossip may not be like learning to tell stories by most of us, _ 4. Pacing, tone, clarity and authenticity are as essential for the reportage of neighborhood news as they are for well-made fiction. Pacing, tone, clarity and authenticity may apply to _ 5. And while there are those who believe that the sole aim of gossip is to criticize, to condemn, I prefer to see gossip as a tool of understanding. And yet for some peoples belief _ Unit ThreeTEXT IWALLS AND BARRIERSII. Rewrite the followingFor each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as close in meaning as possible to the original sentence by using the given words as the beginning. 1. My fathers negative response was not so much to the architecture as to a violation of his concept of the nature of money. The architecture itself didnt cause so much of _ 2. It is not our advanced technology, but our changing conceptions of ourselves in relation to the world that determine how we shall build our walls, We are changing our conceptions of ourselves in relation to the world, which, instead of our advanced technology, _ 3. If a buildings design made it appear impregnable, the institution was necessarily sound, and the meaning of the heavy wall as an architectural symbol dwelt in the prevailing attitude toward money, rather than in any aesthetic theory. A buildings apparently impregnable design made _ 4. It is in the understanding of architecture as a medium for the human attitudes, prejudices, taboos, and ideals that the architectural criticism departs from classical aesthetics. Understanding architecture as a medium _ 5. It might be argued that the undeveloped technology of the period precluded the construction of more delicate walls. It was possibly because of the undeveloped technology of the period _ III. Translate the following into English 1. 我们并不寻求与世隔绝；事实上，只要我们觉得自己孤单，就会轻轻敲一下开关，通过电视屏幕将整个世界带到眼前。所以难怪，厚实的围墙现已过时，而我们建起了用金属箔和玻璃做材料的薄膜幕墙。2. 在原始社会，人类把世界描绘成巨大而可怕，充满仇恨而且不为人类所驾驭的地方。因此他们用巨石建起坚厚的墙，生活在墙后局限的空间里，他们会觉得自如与安全。这些厚墙表达人们对外界的恐惧和对于寻求保护的迫切感，尽管这些墙起不了实际的保护作用。也许有人会争辩道，那是因为当时的技术不发达，所以人们无法建造更为精巧的墙。这话当然没错，但是促使人们建造围墙的首先并非技术问题，而是人类对于世界的恐惧心理，恐惧心理越强烈，墙就建得越厚实，直到古代君王的墓里我们发现基本是由墙式的结构所组成，因为对于死亡的恐惧是人们最强烈的恐惧。3. 新的建筑批评理论把建筑学视作表达人的态度、偏见、禁忌和理想的媒介。正是在这一点上，他与古典美学分道扬镳。后者纯粹以比例、结构等作为审美的依据，在社会学与心理学交织的时代，围墙不仅仅是围墙，而且还是人们心中隔阂的具体象征。4. 如今墙的主要功能在于把外界令人不舒服的空气尽可能的隔绝出去，使我们能尽享自己创造的受控的温度与湿度环境。玻璃可以圆满地担负此任，不过还有许多人们似乎仍然对于在众目睽睽之下就餐、就寝和更衣有所顾虑，它们需要至少能为他们提供足够安全和隐私感的墙。5. 总而言之，决定我们如何建造围墙的因素并非是我们的先进技术，而是我们对于世界不断改变的看法。玻璃墙表达了人类能够并且确实驾驭自然和社会的坚定信念。开放式的设计和一览无遗的景色恰切的表达了人类通过不断的科学努力最终解决一切难题的信心。6. 今天，我们对于隐私的看法已经截然不同了。其中一个原因是，我们不再依赖物质的屏障来控制人与人之间的敌对局面，我们除了依靠摩托化的警力之外，主要还是依靠法律和社会惯例来使人们达成共识，化解分歧。我们并不像我们的祖先那样看重隐私。我们很乐意看到自己的女人抛头露面，被人仰慕。IV. ClozeIt is in the understanding of architecture as a (1)m for the expression of (2)h_ attitudes, prejudices, taboos, and ideals (3)t the new architectural criticism (4)d_ from classical aesthetics. The latter relied (5)u pure proportion, composition, etc., as bases (6)f artistic judgment. (7)I the age of sociology (8)a psychology, (9)w_ are not simply walls but physical (10)s of the barriers in mens minds. We feel different today. For one thing, we (11)p_ greater reliance upon the control of human hostility, not so (12)m_ by physical barriers, as by the conventions of law and social (13)p_ - as well as the availability of motorized police. We do not cherish privacy as (14)m_ as did our ancestors. We are (15)p_ to have our women seen and (16)a_, and the same goes for our homes. We do not seek solitude; in (17)f_, if we find ourselves alone for once, we (18)f_ a switch and invite the whole world in (19)t_ the television screen. Small wonder, then, that the (20)h_ surrounding