北师大版高一必修三教案：Unit 9 Wheels period 8.doc

period8 project learningteaching goals 教学目标1. target language语言目标 procedures to design a bulletin board:proceduresactivitiesprocedure onechoose a theme which interests the students in the same group.procedure two work out a plan procedure threegroup leader assigns(布置) different tasks to each person. e.g. sa and sb will design the background of the bulletin board; sc will work as the host to write inviting lines; sd will act as one of the students who respond; se will act as another person to respond to the show.procedure fourcollect information and carry out the tasks separately.procedure fivepresent the bulletin board to the whole class.2. ability goals能力目标enable students to design projects.3. learning ability goals学能目标help students learn to design a bulletin board by cooperative learning.teaching important points教学重点help students collect information independently.teaching difficult points教学难点enable students to finish a project following a procedure.teaching methods教学方法team-work learning, co-operative learning, discussion, activity-based learning.teaching aids教具准备multimedia.teaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式steplead-inactivity one: introductiont: from the unit, we have learned that cars cant go without wheels, petrol and other parts. would you like to draw a line of this procedure: the wheel motor cars other means of transportation?sa: how the wheel developed into a functional invention.the wheel is everywhere on all our cars, trains, planes, machines, wagons, and most factory and farm equipment. what could we move without wheels? but as the wheel is an important invention, we dont know who exactly made the first wheel. the oldest wheel found in archeological excavations was discovered in what was mesopotamia and is believed to be over fifty-five hundred years old. development of a functional wheelthe following steps and developments took place to invent a functioning wheel, more or less in this order: this is heavyhumans realized that heavy objects could be moved easier if something round, for example a fallen tree log, was placed under it and the object rolled over it. the sledgehumans also realized a way to move heavy objects, with an invention archeologists call the sledge. logs or sticks were placed under an object and used to drag the heavy object, like a sled and a wedge put together. log rollerhumans thought to use the round logs and a sledge together. humans used several logs or rollers in a row, dragging the sledge over one roller to the next. inventing a primitive axlewith time went on, the sledges started to wear grooves into the rollers and humans noticed that the grooved rollers actually worked better, carrying the object further. this was simple physics, if the grooves had a smaller circumference than the unworn parts of the roller, then dragging the sledge in the grooves required less energy to create a turning motion but created a greater distance covered when the larger part of the log roller turned. the log roller was becoming a wheel, humans cut away the wood between the two inner grooves to create what is called an axle. first cartswooden pegs were used to fix the sledge, so that when it rested on the rollers it did not move, but allowed the axle to turn in-between the pegs, the axle and wheels now created all the movement. these were the first carts. improvements to the cart were made. the pegs were replaced with holes carved into the cart frame, the axle was placed through the hole. this made it necessary for the larger wheels and thinner axle to be separate pieces. the wheels were attached to both sides of the axle. fixed axles make a functional & successful wheelnext, the fixed axle was invented, where the axle does not turn but is solidly connected to the cart frame. only the wheels did the revolving by being fitted onto the axle in a way that allowed the wheels to rotate. fixed axles made for stable carts that could turn corners better. by this time the wheel can be considered a complete inventionactivity two: stimulate students curiosityt: since henry fords motor car came into being, american cars have been the rule of cars all over the world until in the 1960s. meanwhile a lot of stylish but cheaper cars were coming out of europe, americanmade cars stopped being as popular. if you were a car designer, what kind of car would you like to create?let students discuss in pairs and they may also do some drawings.step guidance on scientific proceduresactivity one: look at the examplest: now please turn to page 47. look at the bulletin board on this page and find what the topic of this bulletin board is about.ss: the bulletin board is about the car museum.t: in what way does the host of the bulletin want to present its works? ss: it wants to hold a special car design exhibition.t: yes, it is very important to choose a topic that interests you or your group. also you should know in what way you can present your works. now read the notice and the two descriptions.activity two: know how to design the bulletin boardt: what are included in the bulletin board? ss: requirements and two students are interested in the design and responded to it. one is interested in a car that can be folded easily and the other prefer one with multiple functions. t: besides these, what can you see from it?sa: there are drawings of their cars.sb: the background of the bulletin board includes different cars.t: yes, you have come the points. to make a bulletin board, we need to design it. bulletin board should be eye-catching and well designed. this way you may invite more people to respond to it. in this bulletin board, what items are included?ss: the bulletin board includes: a title, background design, introduction words, responses. activity three: respond to the topic t: you have known the bulletin board well. now please present your response to it after surfing the internet and collecting information in the library, you can work in groups.the ss choose a car and collect information. then present information about a certain car.sa: i am always interested in solar car. i have come to know something interesting about it.ss share drawings one another and help add something to them.step do-it-yourself project activity one: know the procedures to plan a bulletin boardt: it is no easy job to plan a project. we need careful plan and design before we carry out the project. but scientific procedures will ensure its success. now please look at the following sample procedures of making a project, choose a topic in groups and make a do-it-yourself project.the ss work in groups and try to do a project. after careful study the students will use the procedures to guide their own project plan.sample procedures:proceduresactivitiesprocedure onechoose a theme which interests the students in the same group.procedure two work out a plan procedure threegroup leader assigns(布置) different tasks to each person. e.g. sa and sb will design the background of the bulletin board; sc will work as the host to write inviting lines; sd will act as one of the students who respond; se will act as another person to respond to the show.procedure fourcollect information and carry out the tasks separately.procedure fivepresent the bulletin board to the whole class.activity two: assign the projects t: now you will be divided into groups, and you can work together to design a bulletin board by yourselves. i think everyone of you can do a good job.ss form groups and choose their own cars. follow the procedures to carry out their tasks.step presentationactivity one: group one does presentationt: i will let one group present your bulletin board in class. first, group one will present your works.group ones leader: my ideal carmy car is a most advanced