英语短语at in on.doc

小品词构成的动词短语(1) 小品词构成的动词短语(2) 介词in, on和at表示时间,地点和状态的常用短语 人体部位和英语习语 一些短语的由来 成对的英语短语 小品词构成的动词短语(1) 在英语中，有动词和小品词（up, down, in, out, on, off, over, away）构成的动词短语很多，有时很难猜出它们的意义，笔者收集了常见的动词短语, 通过分析小品词的意义，对这一类的短语进行分类，找出它们的规律，以便更好地掌握它们, 注意有些短语意义很接近, 这要结合例句和上下文掌握它们的用法。 1. up 1) 向上（toward or into a higher position） lift 举起 climb 爬上 come 上升 get 起来 stand 站起来 pick 检起 draw 升起 grow 长大 hand 拖起 put 举起 send 使上升 rise 升起 look 抬起头 zip 拉上 hold 举起 pile 堆起 dig 挖出 take 拿起 build 树立 set 建立 2) 完成，结束(expressing completeness and finality) finish 完成 drink 喝干 eat 吃光 burn 烧光 wash 洗净 use 用光 fill 装满 pay 付清 settle 解决 lick 甜净 sum 总结， open 透露 end 结束 let 中止, 减少 draw 停止 close 停止，关闭 swallow 吞没 beat 痛打 cover 掩盖 break 结束，分解 wind 结束 3) 离开，消灭(expressing separation and destroy) break 拆开，驱散cut 切碎 split 分裂 divide 分割 smash 捣毁 blow 炸毁 wither 枯死 tear 撕碎 give 放弃 fold 垮台 dry 枯竭，干涸crack 撞坏 clutter 使散乱 litter 乱丢杂物 4) 增加，变强(to a state of greater activity, force, strength, power and degree. (1). mount 增加pick 振作，加快pluck 振作 turn 开打，开大, 出现 shake 震惊 steam 使发怒 stir 激起，搅起ease 放松 warm 兴奋 speak 大声说 heat 变热 total 加总 tense 紧张 gather 收集 speed 加速 screw 振作 build 增大 show 显现 cheer 振作起来stir 刺激 work 激动，刺激 (2). 用在带-en后缀的动词后（used after the verbs with suffix of -en） brighten 发亮 fatten 发胖 freshen 使新鲜 harden 变硬 sharpen 变快 smarten 变精明 strengthen 加强sweeten 变甜 tighten 使紧密 toughen 使强壮soften 变软 5). 变好，改善( as to be better and proper)bring 抚育 check 核对 clear 清理，晴天clean 整理 do 整理 patch 修理 polish 擦亮, 改进light 点亮 tune 调整 tidy 整理 rub 擦亮 train 训练，培养 make 化装, 和解, 弥补buy 囤积 figure 计算 fix 修理,整理 take 从事 6) 关住，锁紧，固定住(firmly, tightly and closely) shut 关闭 lock 锁住 tie 栓住 chain 锁住 nail 钉住 fasten 系住 pin 钉住 bind 装订 bar 关住 block 堵塞 choke 堵塞 save 存起来 store 贮藏 stock 储存 cover 掩盖 wrap 包住 lay 储存 hold 延误 keep 坚持 7) 向说话人的方向（to the place where the speaker is） go run rush drive walk catch swim march come 2. down 1) 向下的位置（to or into a lower position） cast 扔下 cut 砍倒 get 下来 hand 传下来 knock 撞倒 lay 放下 let 放下 pour 倾盆而下 pull 拉下 set 放下 sit 坐下 step 走下来 throw 扔下 turn 拆下 take 取下 blow 吹倒 bring 打倒 hang 垂下 sink 沉落 slip 失足 squat 蹲下 swallow 吞下 stoop 伏身 splash 飞溅而下 touch 降落 bend 弯下 bow 鞠躬 kneel 跪下 lie 躺下 strip 脱下 2) 减少（强度，量和体积）(a decrease in intensity, amount, bulk) dwindle 减少 die 变弱，逐渐停止go 平静下来 mark 削减 hold 压低 burn (火)减弱, 烧坏 slow 慢下来 burn 烧掉 wash 冲淡 clean 弄干净 rub 擦干净 bring 降低 keep 缩减 trim 裁减 water 冲淡 thin 减少 run 用光衰弱 wear 削减，磨损come 下跌 knock 降价 3) 停止，减弱(to a state of less activity, force, strength and power) close 关闭 drop 突然停止 break 坏了，中止run 停止 settle 平静下来 cool 冷静下来 turn 拒绝 die 停止 lay 失望 put 镇压 4) 紧紧地，牢牢地(firmly, tightly) fasten 系牢 chain 链住，栓住clamp 夹住 nail 钉住 pin 扣牢 hammer 钉上 tie 栓住 bind 捆绑 draw 停下来 5) 写下，记下(on paper or in writing) write 写下 copy 抄下 note 记下 take 记下 put 记下 get 记下 have 写下 3 on 1) 继续(continuously) carry drive fight hold keep live sleep sing walk go hurry move read follow struggle insist 坚持 2) 连上，固定住，(in or into a state of being connected) act 对起作用catch 抓牢 come 跟随 count 依赖 draw 带上，穿上fasten 纠缠，抓牢 fit 固定 get 接近 paste 粘住 turn 打开 switch 打开 pin 钉住 put 穿上 try 试穿 pull 穿上 hang 不挂断 build 建立于 leave 留住 take 穿下 rely 依靠 depend 依靠 3) 向前，向上(forward, onward) add 加上 mark 标上 paint 漆上 press 向前 pass 传递 send 转送 stamp 盖章于 get 上车 hand 传送 4) 开始某活动(in or into an active operation) work 从事 fall 攻击 hit 突然向起 bring 引起 get 取得进展 look 旁观, 观看call 拜访 figure 打算,希望 fix 决心 get 进步, 友好相处pick 批评 plan 打算 decide 决定 reflect 思考, 反思remark 评论，议论settle 决定 spur 鼓励 urge 督促 4. off 1) 离开(indicating departure)blow 吹掉 drive 击退 get 下车，动身lift 离开地面 make 逃走 move 离去 pack 打发走 see 送行 ship 运往 start 动身 send 送行，解雇call 叫走 let 放出 take 起飞 touch 发射 give 发出 clear 走开 carry 夺走 2) 去掉，断开(indicating removal or disconnection) cut 切断 tear 扯掉 take 拿走 chip 切下 come 脱落 cross 除去 drop 跌落 fall 脱落 flick 弹掉 peel 剥掉 pull 撕开 rub 擦掉 scrape 挂去 shave 剃去 wash 洗掉 shake 抖落 throw 扔开 rip 扯开 turn 关掉 strip 脱去 switch 关掉 take 脱掉 shut 关掉 wear 磨损 go 爆炸 break 中断 3) 完成，停止(indicating completion) finish 结束 pay 付清 break 停止，中断send 结束 leave 停止 pass 终止，停止 sign 停止播音 wear 消失， write 注销，购销bring 完成 call 取消 lay 停止, 解雇 4) 着地(down to the ground) fall 落下 jump 跳下 knock 击倒 slip 滑倒 5. in 1) 进入，向里(into, inside, indoors) barge 闯入 beat 打进 break 闯入,插嘴breathe 吸入 burst 闯入，打断drop 偶然拜访 fall 跌入 get 插入，收进 knock 打入 lead 导入 let 进入，嵌入 move 迁入 step 走进 settle 迁入 smuggle 偷偷运进cut 插嘴 call 来访 draw （火车）进站intervene 介入 involve 卷入 2) 包围，关闭(to be surrounded, or enclosed) close 包围，封闭lock 禁闭 shut 关进 wall 围住 3) 加入，记入(to be added, or included) book 登记 check 签到 count 记入 fill 填入 hand 交上 take 吸收 send 呈交 6. out 1) 向外（away from the inside, outside） keep 使在外 take 拿出 put 放出，伸出come 长出， bring 拿出 bar 关在外 breathe 呼吸出 eat 出去吃 get 弄出 go 出去 lay 摆开，展示lock 关在外面 look 向外看 move 搬出 point 指出 pour 诉说 pull 拉出 ship 运出 stick 伸出 spit 吐出 beat 敲出 knock 敲出 dine 外出吃饭 drive 驾车外出 leak 漏出 draw 拉出 see 送出门去 draw 出站 let 放出, 释放 2) 结束，消失，取消(to or at an end, not to be there or not to exist) burn 烧尽，烧断clear 清除 dust 清除 fade 消失 put 扑灭 run 用完 use 耗尽 give 耗尽 comb 淘汰 kick 逐出 wipe 消灭 die 灭绝 rub 擦掉 blot 除去 blow 吹熄 bleach 漂白 carry 完成，执行leave 省去 see 完成 go 熄灭 come 罢工，结果cut 删去，停止hold 坚持到底 sell 买完 tire 筋疲力尽 wear 磨损 3) 大声（in a loud voice, aloud） sing cry shout call ，喊，申斥 spell speak scream read yell sob burst 咆哮 4) 分发，传开(to a number of people or in all directions) give 分发 spread 传开 set 出发 hand 分发 share 分配 divide 分配 call 出动 start 出发 send 发送 break 爆发，逃脱serve 分发口粮 drop 离开,退出 5) 搞清，弄明白(in or into notice and clearness) find 找出 figure 算出，解决make 弄清 count 点清 come 出版，出现catch 看出 carry 完成， bear 证明 bring 发表，说出fill 使完全, 添满write 写出 7. over 1) 向下(downwards from an upright position) knock 撞倒 turn 翻转 fall 脸朝下跌倒trip 拌倒 bend 伏身 look 从上面看 2) 自始至终，通过, 重复(from beginning to end, through, again and again) look 调查 think 考虑 see 查看 run 匆匆看 talk 商量 call 点名 read 读一遍 go 复习 do 重复 glance 浏览 skip 略过 ponder 思考 3) 向上，向外，(indicating motion upwards or outwards) run 溢出 spill 溢出 boil 因沸溢出 throw 呕吐 小品词构成的动词短语(2) 4) 经过(from one side to the other, across a space or distance) jump climb come go swim pass walk move fly run 5) 结束，完成(finished, at an end) get 结束，熬过 stand 延期 stop 逗留 hang 延期 throw 抛弃 go 看完 leave 剩下 6) 转变，改变(indicating transference and change) hand 移交 take 接管 buy 收买 come 过来 get 战胜，克服 gain 争取过来 win 争取过来 switch 转交 turn 变动，交付 make 移交 7)由于 (because of) cry 因哭 laugh 笑 fuss 因着急 8. away 1) 离开(to a distance, to another place) go 走开 run 跑开 walk 走开 ride 开走 move 移开 take 拿走 carry 运走 clear 收走 draw 拉走 get 逃走，离开 put 收起来 break 逃脱 come 离开 keep 不准接近 2) 减少，减弱(indicating loss, lessening, weakening) burn 烧尽 brush 刷掉 die 消失 drain 流走 melt 融化 pass 消失 rub 擦掉 wash 冲走 wipe 擦掉 boil 汽化 3) ( indicating separation, apart) cut 切掉 give 赠送 put 抛弃，收起 介词in, on 和at表示时间，地点和状态的常用短语 在英语中介词的使用频率比较高，而介词in, on和at 又是介词中使用频率比较高的词，笔者收集了介词in, on 和at表示 时间，地点和状态的常见的短语, 请注意一些短语用不同的介词，意义不同，有些区别不大。 意义 介词 常用短语 时间time in in 1999, in 20 century, in a flash(瞬时), in a lucky hour(在幸运时刻), in a minute, in a second, in a short time, in a while, in a wink(一瞬间) in advance(预先), in an emergency(在紧急地时候), in an evil hour(在不幸地时刻), in an instant, in ancient times, in broad day(在大白天), in course of, (在期间), in December, in due course(及时地), in future, in good season(及时地), in no time(马上), in ones childhood, in ones spare time, in ones teens, in ones youth, in recent years, in season(适时), in seconds(在很短的时间), in some cases(有时候), in spring, in the afternoon, in the beginning, in the daytime, in the end, in the evening, in the future, in the long run(最后), in the meantime, in the morning, in the nick of time(在紧急关头), in the night, in the past, in the thick of (在最激烈的时刻), in the thick of(在最激烈的时刻), in this period, in those days, in time of war, in time， on on a certain day, on a sudden(突然), on a winter morning, on Christmas Day, on night shift, on ones birthday, on schedule(按时), on Sunday, on that date, on the eve of, on the following day, on the instant(马上), on the moment(立刻), on the Monday morning, on the New Years Eve, on the next morning, on the point of(正在时候), on the spur of the moment(立刻) on this day, on this occasion, on time, at at a time(在某时), at a wedding(婚礼), at all times(一直), at any moment, at any time, at Christmas, at dark (天黑时), at dawn(在黎明), at daybreak, at dinner-time, at dusk(在黄昏), at Easter, at first sight,(一见到), at first, at last, at midnight, at night, at nightfall, at noon, at present, at six clock, at sunrise, at sunset, at that moment, at that time, at the age of, at the beginning of , at the correct time, at the end of, at the last minute, at the moment, at the present stage at the same time, at the stage(眼下) at the start, at the time being, at the time of, at the very start, at this point(此时), at this season, at this time of day, at times(有时） 地点place in in a car, in a queue, in advance of (在前面), in all the direction, in appearance, in corners(在角落里) in doors, in front (of), in good light(在光线好的地方), in heaven, in place(position)(在适当地位置), in places(处处), in port(在港内), in public places, in shore(靠岸), in society, in the air(在空中) in the bank, in the book(书的内容里), in the centre(在中央), in the countryside, in the distance(在远处那边), in the east of(在东部) in the east, in the fields, in the film, in the front rank(在前列), in the front row, in the lab, in the letter(信的内容), in the middle of, in the moonlight, in the newspaper(报纸的内容里), in the open air(在户外), in the open(在野外), in the picture, in the rain, in the room, in the shade of, in the sky, in the suburbs of, in the sunshine, in the tree, in the universe, in the vicinity of(在附近), in the warm(在暖和的地方) in the world, in(on) the bus, in(on) the street, on on board (在船上) on camera(出现在电视上), on campus, on deck(在甲板上), on earth, on high(在高处), on land, on the bank, on the beach, on the borders, on the ceiling, on the coast, on the committee, on the corner(在拐角处), on the east of(在的东面) on the farm, on the first floor, on the football field, on the (play)ground, on the horizon, on the island, on the left/right,. on the market, on the page 12, on the railway line, on the river, on the road, on the roof, on the sea, on the shore, on the side of, on the team, on the track(在轨道上), on the water(在水面上), on top of, on(in) the wall, at at a bookshop, at a distance(在远处), at that place, at the airport, at the back of, at the base of, at the bottom of, at the centre (of)(在中心), at the corner, at the crossroads, at the desk(在书桌旁), at the door, at the edge of, at the end of, at the foot of, at the front, at the gate, at the head of, at the meeting, at the mine(在矿山), at the party, at the place, at the pub, at the rear of, at the seaside, at the station, at the stop, at the top of, at the window, at(in) the cinema, at(in) the library, at(in) the office, at(in) the village, at(on) the weekend 状态state in in progress(在进行中), in a dilemma(处于进退两难的境地), in a hurry, in a tight corner(处于困难中), in action(在行动中), in an emergency, (处于紧急情况中), in anxiety, in astonishment, in bad mood(心情不好), in bad temper(心情不好，生气), in bed, in blossom(bloom) (在开花 ), in bonds(在拘留中), in chains(在囚禁中), in charge(看管), in church, in class, in collision(在冲突中), in commission (在服役), in condition(健康情况良好), in confusion (在混乱中), in control (of), in court(出庭), in custody(拘留), in danger, in debt(负债), in deep water(s)(处于困境), in demand(有需求) in despair, in difficult, in dispute(在争论), in doubt, in employment, in exile(在流放), in fear and trembling(提心吊胆), in flight(飞行), in flood, in full blossom(开着花), in good condition, in good health, in high spirits, in horror, in hospital, in isolation. in love, in motion, in need (of) in operation(在运转), in order(状态良好), in panic, in peace(平安)(at peace和平), in peril(处于危险), in place, in power, in practice(在实践中), in preparation, in process(在进行中), in production, in progress(前进，进行中), in pursuit(在追赶中), in question(正被讨论), in rehearsal(在彩排), in retirement(退休), in retreat(在撤退) in sail(张着帆) in secret, in service, in session(在会议中), in short supply, in silence, in sorrow, in stock(有库存) in store(储藏着) in succession, in surprise, in suspension(悬浮中) in tears(流着泪) in the field(在作战), in the press(在印刷), in the red(负债), in the same boat(处境相同), in the works(在计划中), in thought, in trade, in triumph, in trouble, in use, in view(被考虑), in wonder, in work(有工作), in work, in(at) college, in(at) school, in(at) university, on on a diet(在节食), on a picnic, on a trip, on a vacation trip, on a visit, on a voyage, on a walk, on approval, on bended knees(跪着) on business, on call (待命) on credit(赊帐), on display, on drill(在训练), on duty, on exhibition, on fire, on foot, on good terms(友好), on guard, on hire(出租) on holiday, on leave, on loan(出借), on offer(出售中), on ones day(在最兴旺的日子), on ones guard(警惕) on ones honeymoon, on ones knees, on ones mind(惦念), on ones own time(在非工作时间), on ones round(出诊) on order(已订购), on parade(在游行), on patrol(巡逻) on sale(待售) on sale, on show, on stream(在生产中) on the air(在广播), on the alert(提防), on the ebb(在退潮), on the feed(在进食), on the fly(在飞行中), on the increase/decrease(在增长/下降中), on the job(工作着) on the listen(在注意听), on the lurk(暗中行动), on the march(行军中), on the move(在活动中) on the phone(在打电话) on the quiet(秘密地) on the rise(在上涨), on the run(跑这), on the spot(在危险中，当场), on the strike, on the turn(在转变中) on the watch(守侯着), on the way(在途中), on the way, on tour, on trial, on vacation, on view(展览着), on watch(值班), at at a disadvantage(处不利地位), at a lecture, at a run(跑着), at breakfast, at call(随叫随到), at church, at dinner, at ease(悠闲自得), at feed, at gaze, at grass， at graze,(在吃草) at hand(在手边), at high/low(处于高潮/低潮中), at issue(在争论中), at large(未被捕), at leisure (空闲着), at meals, at peace, at play, at rest, at school, at stake(处在危险中), at study, at table(在吃饭), at the bar(受到公开审问), at the meeting, at the piano, at the wheel(在驾车), at war, at work， 本文发表在英语考试向导杂志上。 人体部位和英语习语 摘选、注释 1. Head The head is thought to be the most important part of the human body. So a leader is often compared to a head (首脑). Thus we have Head of State or the head of a delegation. The head is where the brain is located. It is naturally associated with ideas and intelligence. Very often, we need other peoples ideas and opinions when we want to do something well. The is because two heads are better than one (三个臭皮匠顶个诸葛亮). 2. Eye The eyes are extremely precious to us. That is why we say Mind your eye (当心)! when we reminding someone to be careful. Not only human beings and animals have eyes, many things also have eyes- the eyes of a ship, the eye of a needle, the eye of a typhoon, and so on. 3. Ear The ear is the organ of hearing. A piece of light music is easy on the ear. (悦耳动听). We are usually all ears (专心聆听) for bit news. When they think somebody is overhearing, English people use either of the two proverbs: Walls have ears (隔墙有耳) and Pitchers have ears (壶罐有耳). They also think that little pitchers have big ears（小孩子耳朵尖）. Nice boys and girls respect other people. They will not secretly listen to others private conversations. 4. Nose The English phrase face to face (面对面) and its Chinese counterpart（对应） are exactly the same. But English people, to express the same idea, can say nose to nose instead. There is no such substitute in Chinese. The word nose appears in many idioms. Here are two which are quite similar to their Chinese equivalents: lead somebody by the nose (牵着某人的鼻子走) and turn up ones nose at somebody or something (对某人或某物嗤之一鼻）. English people can say as plain as the nose in ones face (一清二楚) to mean very obvious. May be to them, the nose is the most conspicuous part of the face. 5. Lip We have two lips: the upper lip and the lower lip. If ones two lips are closed, one cannot speak. So it goes without saying that dont open your lips (不要开口) means dont speak. His lips are sealed. Are his lips really stuck together by wax or glue? No, his lips are sealed when asked about something that he must keep secret. Sometimes a top secret is betrayed because it has escaped someones lips (脱口而出). Then the incident may become a piece of news that is on everybodys lips (众口相传). 6. Tongue We all know we cannot speak without the tongue. So the tongue is closely related to speech. To hold ones tongue (保持沉默) means to keep silent. A person who has too much tongue (太多嘴) is disliked by all, for he is too talkative. Mother tongue is not the tongue of a mother: it is a persons native language. Dont you have a moth below your nose (你鼻子底下不是有张嘴吗)? The Chinese say so to blame a person who did not say what he should have said. But this not the right way to express the idea in English. English people would say, You have a tongue in your head, havent you? 7. Face Face has to do with the idea of respect and dignity both in Chinese and English. You lose your face (丢面子) if you fail again and again, but a decisive victory will save your face (挽回面子) after all your failures.