大学英语第四册单元2词汇.doc

Downloading Files Unit 2Unit 2 Book 4Technology and HappinessWords and Expressions1) (L.3) gross: a. general, total* gross domestic product (GDP) 国内生产总值(=His gross annual income, before tax, is just $12, 000.)这个包裹连盒子总重量是十公斤。(= The gross weight of the package is 10 kilos, including the box.)2) (L.3) triple: v. (cause to) grow to three times the amount or number * Apartments with generous spaces in this area will triple in value. 新设备的引进使我们的产量增加到了三倍。(= The introduction of new equipment has tripled the output.)(=World fuel consumption has tripled since World War .)3) (L.5) life expectancy: the length of time that a person or animal is expected to live* Women still have a longer life expectancy than men. 这个部落人的平均寿命是40岁。(= The average life expectancy of the people in this tribe is 40 years.)Collocations: low life expectancy 预期寿命短high life expectancy 预期寿命长a life expectancy of 50 years 预期寿命50年4) (L.5) soar: vi. rise rapidly or to a very high level*Unexpectedly the jet crashed shortly after it soared into the air.(=Industrial unemployment has soared to 40%, which is threatening the social stability.) 5) (L.5) boom: n. a (period of) rapid growth or increase* This countrys economy development has contributed a lot to the boom in world trade.我们必须要意识到90年代的经济繁荣已经结束了。 (=We have to realize that the economic boom in 90s is over now.) 6) (L.10) entertainment: n. sth., esp. a public performance, that amuses*Las Vegas is one of the biggest entertainment centers in the US. (=Our agency supplies live entertainment for private or corporation parties.)适当的娱乐对于情感和心理的健康是必要的。(=Appropriate entertainment is necessary for emotional and psychological health.)7) (L. 16) formal: a. suitable for official occasions, serious writing, etc. but not for ordinary conversationWe should be formal on business occasions, and never call anyone by their first name. 我们在商务场合应该讲究礼仪, 不要对别人直呼其名。(=You shouldnt use Yours faithfully its much too formal for this kind of letter. )Collocations:formal curriculum 正式课程formal dress 礼服formal effectiveness 正式生效formal style 正式文体 8) (L.16) survey: n. a general examination or study, esp. carried out by asking people questions最近的调查发现学生希望在课堂上有更多的时间练习口语。(=The recent survey found that students wanted to spend more time practicing speaking in class. )*In a survey conducted by a leading travel firm, the Canary Islands were the most popular vacation spot. cf. inquiry, investigation & survey 这些名词均有“调查”之意。inquiry普通常用词，指正式调查，也指一般的打听或查询。investigation一般指系统的调查，以了解希望发现或需要知道的事。survey多指为写书面报告而进行的民意测验或调查。(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.1. A/An _ by airline officials has shown that the crash was caused by human error. (= investigation)2. Out of curiosity, she made _ about the guy who dated her sister. (=inquiries)3. This report was based on a/an _ our group carried out in the past two months. (=survey)4. Some of the people under _ have been accused of spying. (=investigation)9) (L.19) on average: in most cases; usually *On average, 18% of our daily calories come from sugar. 我国成年人平均每天抽烟五根。(= Adults in our country smoke on average five cigerattes every day.)10) (L.30) when it comes to: when it concerns *When it comes to this matter, peoples opinions vary. 这个问题大家众说纷纭。在记者招待会上，当提到这位影星的私人生活时，他总是保持沉默。(=At the press conference, when it came to his personal life, the movie star always kept silence. )11) (L.31) correlation: n. a structural, functional, or qualitativecorrespondence between two things*There is an obvious correlation between sun bath and skin cancer. (=In tests, there was no correlation found between diet and intelligence.)12) (L.37) phenomenon: n. an occurrence, a circumstance, or a fact that is perceptible by the senses.*An eclipse of the moon is a rare phenomenon. 月蚀是罕见的现象。对数学的透彻理解有助于解释各种各样的自然现象。(=A thorough understanding of mathematics helps explain a wide range of natural phenomena.) 13) (L.48) at work: having an effect on sth.*The pills are at work, and he is sleeping like a log now. 经济学家们正在研究通货膨胀在经济中的作用。(=Economists are now studying the inflationary forces at work in the economy.) 14) (L.50) frustrating: a. annoying; discouraging*Many learners find it frustrating that they cant speak the second language well enough after a long time of study, and then quit.(=Recovery from a serious accident can be a slow and frustrating process.)随着孩子们渐渐长大，他们开始反抗父母的管束。(= As they grow older, kids begin to rebel against the restraintsimposed by their parents.)frustrate: v. to cause feelings of discouragement *Lack of progress in recovery frustrates her greatly.康复没什么起色, 这让她很灰心。frustrated: a. being in a state of upset or discouragement*The world-famous director once was a frustrated actor.这位 世界闻名的导演曾是个不得志的演员。frustration: n. the state of being frustrated *In childrens education, its necessary to develop their ability to endure frustration. 在儿童教育中，培养他们的耐挫能力是有必要的。15) (L.54) make no difference: not matter at all*The child always felt neglected by his family, and no matter how hard he tried to do everything, it made no difference. (=You can have a single or double room, it makes no difference to the price.)16) (L.58) come to mind: make (one) suddenly think of*The moment when he locked the door, it came to his mind that he left his wallet in the room.看到这幅图，你第一个会想到什么东西？(= At sight of this picture, what is the first thing that comes to your mind?)17) (L.59) consciously: ad. doing sth. with intention*Most school teacher dont discriminate their students consciously.(=She proceeded, quite consciously, to destroy their relationship through neglect and indifference.)18) (L.63) fragile: a. easily broken or damaged*The porcelain plates are so fragile that we must handle them with care.*Two ambulance attendants picked up his fragile body and put him onto a stretcher. 建立在利益基础上的友谊是脆弱的。(= Friendship based on interest is fragile.)cf. weak, feeble, frail & fragile这些形容词均有“虚弱的，乏力的”意思。Weak 普通用词，指缺乏应有的力量，可用于身体、意志或精神。feeble指身体衰弱无力，精力几乎耗尽，含令人怜悯的意味。 Frail 多指因经常生病而身体虚弱。fragile可与frail换用，但语气强，强调脆弱，指人表示容易生病，指物表示容易破碎。(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.1. He was born a _ child and was taken care of by all the family. (=frail) 2. This is a _ and unconvincing argument. (= weak) 3. Keep the child away from the _ glasses on the table. (=fragile) 4. The rescuers heard a _ cry out of the wreckage. (=feeble)19) (L.65) monitor: vt. watch or listen to (sth.) carefully over a certain period of time for a special purpose我们将会监督他的表现, 看看他是否能有所进步。(=We will monitor his performance to see if he can make some progress.)*Satellite technology means that enemy airwaves can be monitored more closely than ever before.cf. overhear, bug & monitor这些动词均含“偷听，窃听”之意。Overhear 多指在别人不注意或不知道的情况下偶然听到谈话的内容。Bug 指在室内等处安装窃听器以窃听他人的谈话内容。Monitor 通常指用仪器设备偷听别人的谈话内容。(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.1. Be careful what you say; our conversation may be being _. (=bugged) 2. I _ their quarrelling when I passed the office. (= overheard) 3. The doctor is _ the patients pulse. (=monitoring) 4. I havent been informed of this, just _ it. (=overheard)20) (L.66) disrupt vt. bring or throw into disorder (=Protesters disrupted the candidates speech.)转校，尤其是在11岁至16岁之间，很容易打断一个孩子的教育。(=Moving to a new school can easily disrupt a childs education, especially between the ages of eleven and sixteen.)Collocations:disrupt traffic 引起交通混乱disrupt schedule 扰乱计划disrupt public order 扰乱治安21) (L.67) fracture: v. (cause to) break or crack*The old lady fell down the stairs, and her right leg fractured in two places. 老妇人摔下楼梯，右腿两处骨折。他被提名破坏了权利的微妙平衡。(=The nomination of him fractured the delicate balance of power.)cf. burst, crack, fracture & smash 这些动词均含“打破、弄碎”之意。burst 指某物因内部或外部压力过大而出现严重破裂、爆开或胀破。例如： *It seemed that his heart would burst with happiness. 看上去他心中的快乐快要爆发出来。 crack 多指因长期使用或经受压力，物体表现呈现裂纹、裂口或破裂、裂开，但一般没成碎片。例如： *Seeing the ice crack, he quit the idea of skating on it.看到冰裂开了，他打消了溜冰的念头。fracture比crack的破裂程度更深更严重，常指断裂，医学上指骨折。例如： *He was X-rayed and was founded that he had fractured his skull. 他照了X光，发现头骨破裂。smash 指突然而猛烈地重击某物，使之破碎或完全变形。例如： * The car smashed into the wall, and was all ruined, but luckily the driver survived. 汽车撞上了一堵墙，完全毁了，幸好驾驶员活了下来。22) (L.67) prominence: n. the quality or condition of being prominent.*Some young writers born in 80s have recently come to prominence.一些生于80年代的青年作家们近来已经崭露头角。(=The newspapers are giving the affair considerable prominence.) 各报都以相当的重要性报道了那件事.23) (L.69) gradual: a. happening or developing slowly and by degrees; not sudden*The gradual increase in income has improved our familys life.逐步的恢复对病人和医生来说都是鼓舞人心的。(=The gradual recovery is encouraging not only to the patient but to the doctors as well.)24) (L.69) isolation: n. the quality or condition of being isolated.*The tribe lives in isolation, keeping hold of its traditions.(= Children are not permitted to visit patients in isolation wards.)25) (L.76) for certain: without doubt*AC Milan are going to win the cup for certain. They are so much better than the opposition.毫无疑问，税收将会成为总统竞选的关键问题。(=Taxation is for certain going to be the key issue to the Presidents campaign.)26) (L.81)be stuck with: have or deal with sth. unwanted unwillingly*Jill asked me to take care of her little son, so I had to be stuck with the naughty boy for a whole weekend, which almost drove me crazy. (= As a result of the financial collapse, many people are stuck with worthless investments. )27) (LL82-83) build into: make (sth.) a part of a system, agreement, etc. *The government is focusing on building stability into the economy. 政府正致力于建立经济的稳定性。正直已经根植于我们的企业文化之中。(=Integrity has been built into our corporations culture.)28) (L.84 ) annoying: a. causing anger or irritation; troublesome*Unexpected visit from a salesman on a Sunday morning can be really annoying. 我们发现说明书很含糊，这很麻烦。(= We find it annoying that the instructions are quite vague. )29) (L.96 ) nasty: a.