北师大版高二选修七教案：Unit 19 period 12.doc

the twelfth period bulletin boardteaching goals 教学目标help students to learn about the learning strategies referred in the bulletin board and ask them to share their learning strategies.finish unit diary.teaching important points教学重点help students to form good habits of learning english.teaching difficult points教学难点how to improve students learning strategiesteaching methods教学方法 reading, discussing and summarisingteaching aids 教具准备the multi-computerteaching procedures & ways 过程与方式step i leading instudying in a second language can be a challenge for students. students who handle this challenge with great success tell us that effective learning strategies are an important part of their success. think about the following learning strategies, and evaluate if they are a part of your own learning experience:step ii learning strategiesmake an effort to take really good class notes from a lecturelectures provide you with key information for a course, and this information is not always available in your text. you need a good set of class notes to do well in a course. if you find that your teacher is speaking too fast for you, or if you find that the content is difficult to follow, you will need to compensate in some way: prepare for class: look over any preparatory materials before class, such as the text or notes that your teacher may have posted on the internet. talk to your teacher: it might be possible for you to get copies of any overheads used in class. talk to students in your class: ask if anyone would allow you to photocopy his or her class notes until you feel that your own note taking has improved. develop an effective approach to text reading survey text chapters before reading: text structure can be an essential aid to identifying some of the key ideas; pay particular attention to sub-headings, bold and italicized text, marginal information, illustrations, and glossary terms. use a dictionary for any terms that you dont know that are in this highlighted information. as you read, focus on these highlighted clues so that you dont get lost in details. spread out your reading over several one-hour study periods instead of trying to work for several hours at a time. reading in a second language can be a very tiring experience. make some very brief summary notes of the main ideas. however, before you take the time to do this, check to see if a summary has already been made available to you; some study guides contain useful summaries as well as keyword lists that you can use to review the key information. also, if your course has a web-site, this may provide materials for students, including text summaries. find ways to self-test: try to keep in touch with previous weeks readings so as to minimise forgetting. instead of just reading over the material again, which would be very time consuming, use self-testing to consolidate your learning. in particular, look again at highlighted information such as headings and key terms and recite to yourself what you know about those topics. if you have forgotten something, do a quick review, and then recite again to yourself. jotting down key information from memory onto blank paper may work for some people as a self-test instead of reciting the information out loud. step iii writing practiceask students to think what can help them learn english well and what learning strategies they used in learning english. then write a passage and exchange ideas with others.step iv unit diaryget students to assess their learning over the unit. by completing unit diary students will learn what their difficulty is and what they should do to improve their english.step v homeworkpost your view on how to english well on the bulletin board 附件i. 本单元课文注释与疑难解析1. it was predicted as early as the 1700s that english would one day be the global language and that has proved to be the case in the last few decades. 早在18世纪人们就预言总有一天英语将会是全球性语言，最近几十年已经证明情况正是如此。it was predicted that. 这是一个由形式主语it引导的句子，意思是“据预测”，可改作：people predicated that. 此句型是本单元的重点句型和语法。又如：its predicted that stirlings population will increase by 10.4% between 2002 and 2016, and employment will rise by 4.5% between 2001 and 2006. 据预测，从2002年到2016年，斯特灵的人口将增长10.4%；从2001年至2006年，就业也将增加4.5%。相类似的句型还有：it is reported that there was a bad traffic accident in india last week.it is told that he will take a trip abroad.it is thought that the price of the clothes is high.it is believed that the girl will be fit for the office.it is hoped that china football team will win.it is suggested that the government do something against ve是个常用动词,也是一个多义动词.由于它的用法比较复杂,现归纳如下prove vt.证明;证实, 用法如下: 1). prove+名词/代词hehasprovedhiscourageinthebattle.他已在作战中证明了他的勇气。thisfurtherprovedthestrengthofoureconomy.这进一步证明了我们的经济实力.。2). prove+直接宾语(sth.)+to+间接宾语(sb.) thedifficultywashowhecouldprovehisideastootherscientists.困难在于他怎样向其他科学家证实他的想法.。3). prove+宾语+宾语补足语(1) 形容词作宾语补足语she has proved herself unreliable. 她的表现说明她靠不住。(2) 名词作宾语补足语sheprovedherselfanablesecretary.她证实自己是个能干的秘书。hehasprovedhimselfasuccess.他已证明了自己是个成功者。(3) 动词不定式作宾语补足语 allthisprovedhimtobeanhonestman.这一切都证明他是一个诚实的人.。4). prove+宾语从句galileoprovedthattheearthandallotherplanetsmovearoundthesun.伽利略证实地球和所有其它的行星都是绕太阳运转的.prove link verb证明是;结果是;事实说明，可用于以下句型:1). prove+形容词themedicineprovedsatisfactory.结果证明这药疗效令人满意。the rumor proved true. 这谣传结果是真的。2).prove+名词the lawyer proved the innocence of his client. 律师证实了他的当事人的清白。3). prove+动词不定式astimewenton,einsteinstheoryproved(tobe)correct.随着时间的推移,爱因斯坦的理论证明是正确的。shemayprove(tobe)themostsuitablepersonforthejob.结果她可能是最适合干这项工作的人。2. inform a friend of your targets so they can help motivate you as well.告诉朋友你的目标以便他们也能够帮助激励你。so引导的句子是目的状语。as well意思是“也；又；同样同”。inform 指“以任何方式直接告知”, inform sb of sth. 通知某人某事 如:he informed me of your decision. 他把你的决定告诉了我。keep me informed (of/about what happens). 有事随时通知我。teachers should use different ways to motivate the child to learn new words. 老师应该是用不同方法激励小孩子学习新词。examinations do not motivate a student to seek more knowledge. 考试不能促使学生去追求更多的知识。3. body language can therefore make peoples feelings more transparent as although we can lie with words, it is not as easy to do so with our bodies.那样肢体语言可以使人们的情绪更加透明,虽然我们可以撒谎,但是我们的肢体不是那么容易做到的（肢体会泄露我们的秘密）。as引出原因状语，原因状语从句中又含有让步状语从句although we can lie with words。it是形式主语，真正的主语是to do so with our bodies。to do so指代上文的to lie。ii. 文化背景知识types of world englishus englishus english is of course particularly influential, on account of americas dominance of cinema, television, popular music, trade, and technology, including the internet. many terms that enter an oxford dictionary from the us quickly become established in british english: some examples from the last ten years or so are geek, nerd, school student, and 24/7. many us equivalents for british terms are familiar: sidewalk for pavement, checkers for draughts, cookie for biscuit, and vest for waistcoat. other differences are more subtle. some words have a slightly different form, e.g. dollhouse (us)/dolls house (brit.), math (us)/maths (brit.), tidbit (us)/titbit (brit.), while american constructions that are strange to british ears include i just ate, teach school, and a quarter of ten (rather than a quarter to ten).canadian englishcanadian english is subject to the conflicting influences of british and american english. in vocabulary there is a lot of us influence: canadians use billboard, gas, truck, and wrench rather than hoarding, lorry, petrol, and spanner; but on the other hand they agree with the british in saying blinds, braces, porridge, and tap rather than shades, suspenders, oatmeal, and faucet.australian and new zealand englishthe vocabularies of australian and new zealand english are very similar. both have been enriched by words and concepts from the hundreds of indigenous languages that pre-dated european settlers, only about fifty of which continue as first languages. the line between formal and informal usage is perhaps less sharply drawn in australasian english than it is elsewhere: suffixes such as -o and -ie, giving us expressions such as arvo (afternoon), reffo (refugee), and barbie (barbecue), are freely attached to words even in more formal contexts.south african englishsince 1994 south africa has had eleven official languages: english, afrikaans (descended from dutch), zulu, xhosa, and other largely regional african languages. english is the first language of only about 10 per cent of the population, but the second language of many others. the english of native afrikaners has inevitably influenced the standard english of white south africans, examples being such informal usages as the affirmative no, as in how are you? - no, im fine and the all-purpose response is it?, as in she had a baby last week - is it?indian englishthe role of english within the complex multilingual society of india is far from straightforward: together with hindi it is used across the country, but it can also be a speakers first, second.has the english language been effected by the use of netspeak? the concern is that through repeated use of this new language it will affect the users ability to utilise the proper english language. after repeated use of certain netspeak words a user may forget how to spell that word in english. i speak from experience as i know people who spend a lot of time utilising netspeak while on message boards, through email and also communication with other players while playing online games such as neocron. while typing up courseworks and letters they now automatically type a lot of commonly used words in the netspeak form. the most common mistakes are: u = you r = are ppl = people thx = thanks 4 = for 1 = one when typing in netspeak, punctuation and grammar are often sacrificed to allow the use of quick communication. however, if the netspeak is structured correctly grammar and punctuation can be implied through pauses and emphasis on certain words (usually achieved by using upper case letters). is english becoming less formal? netspeak is a very informal language. it practises very few formal writing styles demonstrated in english. compare emails to traditional written letters. emails take less time to write as mistakes are easily corrected as opposed to perhaps re-writing the letter. use of netspeak leads users to be less formal with all communications and this can be bad as certain emails still need to be written in a formal manner. these include emails to lecturers and to possible employers when applying for jobs. some users do not recognise that emails are not always informal, as they usually communicate in an informal manner, for example playing games online, using messenger software at work and at home. another factor might be that because email is a quick method of communication users attempt to convey their message as quickly as possible.has the english language become more widespread in the world as it is the standard internet language? more people whose first language is not english are having to use english as the majority of web pages on the internet are in english. according to www.cybera 214,250,996 web sites are in english, which is 68.39% of all web pages (pastore, m. 2000). english is generally also the standard language for communicating in game while playing online with many users from different countries. as these people are also using netspeak, the quality of their english is worse, but their use is improved. they learn how to express themselves better as the chat must be understood by people from other countries.is netspeak a new medium of communication? language is defined as “the means of human communication, consisting of the use of spoken or written words in a structured way” but can also be defined as “the system of communication used by a particular community or country” (soanes, c. 2002). the new language is in fact that, a new language. it demonstrates the use of written words in a structured way by a certain community, that of the internet community. could it be that the new type of communication experienced in the world today could be the start of a new medium for communication? the first medium of communication was speech which is ancient in origin. the second was writing which is believed to have developed around 10,000 years ago. with the invention of netspeak, plus the ability to send pictures and sounds as well as text a new medium is being invented that will allow people from around the world to communicate in a friendly and emotionally involved way as never seen before. david crystal believes that netspeak is a new medium and describes it as “neither spoken language nor written language nor sign language, but a new language dimension computer-mediated language” (crystal, d. 2001) as younger and younger people are utilising netspeak the future is hard to predict in terms of communication. when todays children of as young as 7 are communicating in some form of netspeak through their mobile phones it is hard to imagine what form communication will take in both formal and informal settings in the future.conclusion the internet has affected the english language through the creation of the new internet language. the repeated use of this new language might result in people losing ability with the english language with regards to spelling and grammar. also it appears that communicating using the internet has led some people to become a lot less formal when communicating. however, the internet has increased the use of the english language, in its netspeak form, throughout the world due to the vast majority of web pages and chat being done in english. whether the new language has become a new medium for communication remains to be seen. it will not be possible to answer that question for many years to come when we have the benefit of retrospect previous early changes to the english language came about due to invasion by the vikings, conquest by the romans and normans, french influence (leading to latin influence). these changes were influenced by the dominant power in the area at certain times forcing their language to be used by the locals/natives. only aspects of each language were adopted into english which allowed it to evolve from old-english through middle-english to modern-english (merriam-webster. 2000). and the next phase, netenglish, which has not been brought about by confrontation but instead by the necessity to communicate quickly and meaningfully by people from around the world. the internet could possibly not affect the english language, the new language could co-exist with it and keep the boundaries between english and netspeak. is this in fact not an evolution of the english language but actually the next phase of “our rapidly evolving, hyper-expressive and quite-expansive human language” tips for positive body languageyour gestures, stance, position, and movement in the classroom can all convey a sense of openness to students depending on how you use them. here are several tips for using positive body language in your classroom:* make broad hand and arm gestures.tight, close-to-the-body gestures communicate that you are closed off from students. broad gestures are nonverbal cues that invite students to participate in learning and encourage them to feel safe in your classroom.* limit arm-folding.folded arms communicate distance and create a barrier between you and your students. though you may simply fold your arms as a relaxed way to stand or to keep yourself warm, the gesture can be distancing to your students no matter what the intention.* limit hands-on-hips.hands-on-hips can be a threatening or confrontational gesture. standing that way occasionally while smiling is of little concern. if done a lot, students might see it differently.* stand still when stressing a point.movement can upstage words. if you move while you talk, some students will be distracted by the movement and miss the point of what youre saying. so when making an important point, stand still. the rhythm of your presentation can be: make a point and then move, make a point and then move, and so on.* use hand and arm gestures to give students visual clues about what youre studying.for example, when discussing a particular subject of study, you can gesture the visual images of wide, tall, short, and so on. when discussing numbers, you can illustrate what youre saying using your fingers.* use props to set the tone and reinforce learning.the right prop can set the tone of your classroom or illustrate an important point. for example, to set the stage for a warm, informal class discussion, you can move your chair from behind your desk to the front of the classroom, so youre sitting close to your students and at their level. or to illustrate the importance of students taking special care of their books, you can hold a book tenderly, stroking it as you would a pet. * avoid finger-pointing.this gesture is traditionally a reprimand, an accusation, a way of targeting the culprit. instead, gesture to students with an open, upturned palm.everyday body language - by sherri schaeferwe start forming impressions of people we meet from the moment we set eyes on them. a large part of the initial impression that you create comes from your body language. your posture, facial expression, eye contact, and gestures speak louder than the words you say. we all interpret body language all the time on a subconscious level.1. facethe face is the most expressive part of the body. if you are feeling anxious then your facial expression may lead you to a