text A译文 及textB 学习解析及课后练习答案(1).doc

Electronic Teaching Portfolio Book TwoUnit One: Living in Harmony 课文参考译文陌生人的善意迈克麦金太尔1. 一年夏天，我从家乡加利福尼亚州的塔霍城开车前往新奥尔良。在沙漠深处，我碰到一个年轻人站在路旁。他一只手打出拇指向外的手势，另一只手里拿着一个汽油罐。我直接从他身边开过去了。别人会停下来的，我想。再说，那汽油罐只是个让车停下、好抢劫司机的幌子而已。在这个国家，曾有那么一段时间，你要是对需要帮助的人置之不理，大家会认为你是混蛋，而如今你要是帮了你就是笨蛋。到处潜伏着犯罪团伙、吸毒上瘾者、杀人犯、强奸犯、盗窃犯还有劫车犯，为什么要冒险呢？“我不想卷进去”已经成为全国性的信条。2. 开过了几个州以后，我还在想着那个想搭便车的人。把他一个人留在沙漠中倒并没有让我有多么不安。让我不安的是，我多么轻易地就做出了这个决定。我甚至根本没把脚从油门上抬起来。我很想知道，现在还有人会停车吗？3. 我想到我此行的目的地新奥尔良。那里是田纳西威廉姆斯的剧作欲望号街车的背景地。我回想起布兰奇杜波依斯的名句：“我总是依赖陌生人的善意。”4. 陌生人的善意。听起来好怪。如今这年头还有谁能指望陌生人的善意吗？5. 要验证这一点，一个办法是一个人从东海岸旅行到西海岸，不带一分钱，完全依靠美国同胞的善意。他会发现一个什么样的美国？谁会给他饭吃、让他歇脚、捎他一程呢？6. 这个念头激起了我的好奇心。但谁会这么不切实际、愿意去尝试这样一次旅行呢？好吧，我想，那不如我来试试？7. 满37岁那个星期，我意识到我这辈子还从没冒过什么险呢。所以我决定来个观念的跨越，美洲大陆那么宽从太平洋去大西洋，不带一分钱。要是有人给我钱，我会拒绝。我只接受搭顺风车、提供食物和让我歇脚的帮助。这将是穿越这片金钱至上的土地上一次无钱的旅行。我的最终目的地是北卡罗来纳州的“恐惧角”（即开普菲尔），它象征着我沿途必须克服的所有恐惧。8. 1994年9月6日，我早早起床，背起一个50磅重的包，朝金门桥走去。我从背包里拿出一个牌子，向过路的车辆展示我的目的地：“美利坚”。9. 司机们隔着挡风玻璃念出这个词，然后笑了。两个女人骑自行车经过。“有点含混，”其中一个说。一名带有德国口音的年轻男士走上前来问，“你这个美利坚在哪儿？”10. 实际上，整整六个星期的时间里我试图找出答案。我搭了82次便车，行程4223英里，穿越了14个州。在旅途中，我发现其他人跟我一样有担心。人们总是在警告我当心别的某个地方。在蒙大拿州，他们叫我留神怀俄明州的牛仔，而在内布拉斯加州，人们提醒我说艾奥瓦州的人可不如他们友好。11. 然而，在我所去的每个州，我都受到了友善的对待。我诧异于美国人执意帮助陌生人的能力，甚至于在看来与自己的最大利益相冲突时他们也绝不袖手旁观。有一天，在内布拉斯加，一辆四门小轿车在路肩停下。我走到车窗边，看到两位穿着节日盛装的瘦小老妇人。12. “我知道这年头不该带搭便车的，但这里前不着村后不着店的，不停车感觉真不好。”自称“维”的司机说。她和姐姐海伦是去内布拉斯加的安斯沃思看眼疾的。13. 她们为我停了车，我都不知道是该亲吻她们呢还是该责备她们。这个女人是在告诉我，她宁肯冒生命危险也不愿意因为没为一个站在路边的陌生人停车而感到内疚。她们在一个高速路口把我放下时，我望着维。我们俩异口同声地说，“小心。”14. 有一次我在雨中没能搭上便车。一名长途卡车司机停了车，他把刹车踩得那么重，车子都在草地路肩上滑行了一段。司机告诉我他有一次被搭便车的人持刀抢劫了。“但我不愿意看到有人在雨里站着。”他补充说，“现在大家都没有良心了。”15. 然而，我发现，总体而言，人们还是挺有同情心的。艾奥瓦州一对中年夫妇为了帮我找宿营地领着我走了一个小时。在南达科他州，一个女人让我在她家住了一晚之后递给我两张贴了邮票的明信片：一张是让她知道我这趟旅行结果如何；另一张是要第二天寄出的，告诉她我在哪里，免得她为我担心。16. 听说我没钱，又不愿意接受钱，每个州的人们都会给我买食物或者和我分享他们刚好带着的东西。在加州的尤凯亚，一位国家公园管理员给了我一些胡萝卜，一名大学生给了我一几袋有机西红柿和甜瓜。衣阿华的一名妇女给了我两大包全麦饼干，两罐果汁汽水、两听金枪鱼罐头、两个苹果和两块鸡肉。17. 拥有最少的人往往给予得最多。在俄勒冈一个叫迈克的房屋油漆工注意到天气十分寒冷，就问我有没有外套。我回答说“有件薄的”，他开车带我去他家，翻遍了车库，递给我一件肥大的绿色军大衣。18. 在俄勒冈的另一个地方，一个叫蒂姆的锯木厂工人邀请我去他们破旧的家里和他家人一起吃了顿简单的晚餐。他给了我一本圣经，然后又要把家里的帐篷给我。我拒绝了，因为我知道那极有可能是这家人最值钱的一样东西了。然而蒂姆执意让我接受，所以最后我只好同意。19. 我感激我遇到的所有人，感谢他们让我搭车，给我食物，给我提供住处，送我礼物。但最友善的举动是，他们是那么自然真诚。20. 有一天，我走进了田纳西州的詹姆斯敦一家当地商会。在这座古老建筑里一个男人从他凌乱的桌子旁站起身。“请进，”59岁的巴克斯特威尔逊说。他是那儿的执行会长。21. 我向他打听在当地露营的事。他递给我一本当地露营地的小册子。“需要我帮你打电话吗？”他问。22. 我一看露营得花12美元，就回答，“不用了，没事。我也不知道我该怎么做。”23. 这时他看见了我的背包。“这里差不多每个人都会让你在他们的地里支帐篷的，如果那是你所想要的话。”他说。24. 这话就对了，我想。“有没具体的方位？”我问。25. “跟你说吧，我有个大农场，在从这儿往南大概10英里。要是你五点半能在这儿，我可以开车带你去。”26. 我接受了，于是我们开车去了一幢华丽的乡村住宅。突然，我意识到他是邀请了我到他家过夜。27. 我们走进厨房时，他的妻子卡萝尔正在炖牛肉块。她是一名七年级的科学老师，简直就是南方魅力的化身。28. 巴克斯特解释说，当地人是“不爱外出的山里人”，他觉得自己也是这么一个人。“我们很少在家里招待客人，”他说，“招待的话，一般是亲戚。”他的这番透露让我那一夜变得更加不同寻常。29. 第二天我下楼时，卡萝尔问我愿不愿意去学校跟她班上的孩子们谈谈我的旅行。我告诉她我可不想怂恿一帮七年级的孩子去搭便车游遍美国，但卡萝尔说孩子们应该接触到外面的世界是什么样子包括好的一面和坏的一面。“他们需要了解真相，”她说。30. 我同意了。没过多久，我就被安排给学校每个班讲话。所有的孩子都彬彬有礼而且聚精会神。他们的问题不断冒出来：哪儿的人们最友善？我穿坏过多少双鞋？有没有人试图轧死我？别的地方的猪脚也有这么好吗？我有没有爱上过谁？我最害怕的是什么？31. 尽管我并没有打算这么做，我发现爱国主义的语调贯穿了那天下午的讲话。我告诉学生们，我对美利坚的信念如何重新被重新点燃。我告诉他们，生活在一个人们仍然愿意帮助陌生人的国度里，我有多么自豪。我告诉他们，我当初计划这次旅行时脑子里的问题已经得到明确的解答。的确，不管你是谁，你仍然可以依赖陌生人的善意。Good Usage （Para. 1）came upon a young manflag down a carpassed by somebody in needhas become a national mottoGood Usage (Paras. 2-3)Leaving him stranded in the desertlifted my foot off the acceleratorGood Usage (Paras. 4-6)relying solely on Good Usage (Paras. 7-8)Id never taken a gamblemake a leap of faith a continent wideheaded for the Golden Gate BridgeGood Usage (Paras. 9-10)mouthed the word through windshieldswandered uphitched 82 rides covered 4,223 miles across 14 stateswarning me about someplace else watch out for Good Usage (Paras. 11-12)run contrary to their own best interestspulled to the road shoulderdressed in their Sunday finestyoure not supposed to pick uppick up hitchhikersGood Usage (Paras. 13-14)risk her lifeat a highway junctionshed rather risk her life than feel bad aboutpulled overlocking his brakes so hard skidded on the grass shoulderrobbed at knifepointhave no heartGood Usage (Paras. 15-16)how my trip turned outwhatever they happened to haveGood Usage (Paras. 17-18)rummaged through his garagehanded me a bulky green Army-style jackettheir dilapidated houseGood Usage (Paras. 19-21)grateful to all the peoplethe local chamber of commercecome on inthe executive directorGood Usage (Paras. 22-25)pitch a tentGood Usage (Paras. 26-28)all the more specialGood Usage (Paras. 29-30)a bunch of seventh-gradershitchhike across the United Statesbe exposed to what else is out therebefore longGood Usage (Para. 30)a patriotic tone ran through the talks fallen in love with anyonetried to run me overhelp out a strangerthe question I had in mindKey Words and Expressions for Text Aflag down cause (a vehicle or its driver) to stop by waving at the driver 挥手打信号使（车辆或驾驶者） 停下e.g. 1. A policeman flagged down the car when he saw it speeding. 2. We have to flag down a passing car in order to ask for help. 为了求援我们不得不挥手让一辆过路车停下来。risk vt. put in danger; take the chance of losing; take the chance of (a possible unpleasant result) 使遭受危险；冒失去之险；担风险，冒的危险e.g. 1. When young students start smoking for fun, they dont realize that theyre risking their health.2. The captain was not willing to risk taking his ship through the straits in such bad weather.船长不愿意在这样恶劣的天气里冒险将船驶过海峡。CF: venture, chance, risk这些动词均含有“敢于冒险”之意。venture指冒风险试一试，或指有礼貌的反抗或反对。例如：He enjoyed little success when he ventured into business.chance指碰运气、冒风险试试。例如：Andy knew the risks. I cannot believe he would have chanced it.risk指不顾个人安危去干某事，侧重主动承担风险。例如：Why should he have risked all that to become an agent of a foreign power?as much the same 同样地e.g. 1. He was greatly respected, and his brother as much despised.2. A comparable house in the south of the city would cost twice as much. 一栋类似的房子位于城南部就要贵一倍的价钱。rely on / upon sb. / sth. (for) need or depend on sb. or sth.; trust or have faith in sb. or sth. 依靠，依赖；信任，信赖e.g. 1. During the voyage we relied on the radio for news of the outside world.2. It would be better to rely on ourselves than on others. 求人不如求己。figure vt. esp AmE consider; believe 尤美认为，以为e.g. 1. I figured (that) you wouldnt come.2. She figured that both she and Ned had learned a lot from the experience. 她觉得自己和内德都从这一经历中学到了很多东西。take a gamble (on sth.) risk (money, property, etc.) on the result of sth. uncertain; do sth. risky that depends for its success on certain things happening as one wishes 赌博；冒险而为；碰运气e.g. 1. The company took a gamble by cutting the price of their products, and it paid off.2. I dont know if I can rely on him, but Im willing to take a gamble.我不知道是否能信任他，不过我愿冒一下险。display vt. rather fml show (esp. a feeling or quality) 较正式显露，流露（感情）；显示，表现（能力）e.g. 1. The exhibition gives local artists an opportunity to display their works of creation.2. He has displayed remarkable courage in his efforts to reform the party.在政党改革中，他表现出了非凡的勇气。CF: show, exhibit, display 这些动词均含“显示，显露，展现”之意。show泛指任何有意或无意地把东西给别人看的行为。例如：Cut out this article and show it to your bank manager.exhibit指公开或正式地展示，以便引人注目或让人检查。例如：His work was exhibited in the best galleries in America, Europe and Asia.display多指将某物陈列在显眼之处以便让人发现其优点，侧重有意识地显示。例如：The cabinets display seventeenth-century blue-and-white porcelain.mouth vt. form (words) with your lips without speaking不出声地说；用口型默示e.g. 1. Philip mouthed something through the glass which she did not hear.2. She winked broadly at him and silently mouthed something.她使劲冲他使眼色，不出声地对他说了些什么。watch out for be vigilant or alert; be on the lookout 密切注意；戒备；提防e.g. 1. What problems should I watch out for when driving on an expressway?2. He called out to them to watch out for the unexploded mine.他冲他们大喊，叫他们小心哑雷。risk ones life put ones life in danger冒生命危险e.g. 1. He risked his life to save a drowning child from the river.2. She risked her own life to help a disabled woman. 她冒着生命危险去帮助一个残疾妇女。pick up arrange to go and get; collect 接（人），接载（人）；取（物）e.g. 1. Ill pick you up at the station when the train arrives.2. She went over to her parents house to pick up some clean clothes.她去了趟父母家取些干净衣服。pull vi.(esp. of a vehicle or its driver) start to move （车辆或司机）行驶 e.g. 1. The car seems to be pulling to the left.2. The train pulled to a halt at the platform.火车在站台边停下。capacity n.ability or power 能力，才能；力量e.g. 1. She has an enormous capacity for embroidery.2. Our capacity for giving care, love and attention is limited.我们能够给予的关怀、关爱和关注是有限的。CF： ability, capacity, capability这些名词均可表示人的“能力，才能”之意。ability为普通用词，指人先天的或学来的各种能力。例如：He had remarkable ability as a musician.capacity侧重指人的潜在能力，通常不指体力，多指才智，尤指接受与领悟能力。例如：He has the capacity to see the other persons point of view.capability多用于人，指胜任某项具体工作的能力，也指本身具有、尚未发挥的潜在能力。常与of或for连用。例如：It was a job that was beyond the capability of one man. run contrary to be against 违背e.g. 1. The child is asked to behave in ways which run contrary to his natural desires.2. Their suggestion runs contrary to the overwhelming evidence that technology enhances our efficiency.他们的建议与技术提高效率的大量证据背道而驰。drop vt.infml allow sb. to get out of the vehicle 非正式使（某人）下车，卸下（乘客）e.g. 1. She dropped Johnny at the school gate at about 8:30 every day.2. He dropped me outside the hotel. 他把我送到了酒店。pull over drive to the side of the road and stop ones car 把（车）停靠在路边e.g. 1. The policeman signalled to him to pull over to see if he was drunk-driving/drink-driving.2. Joe, please swallow your pride and pull over to ask directions!乔，请你放下身段，停车问路吧!stamp vt. mark (a pattern, sign, letters, etc.) on (an object or surface) by pressing把图案、记号、字等印盖在某物品或表面上e.g. 1. Please wait here in line to have your passport stamped.2. Car manufacturers stamp a vehicle identification number at several places on new cars to help track down stolen vehicles.汽车制造商在新车的好几处地方打上车辆识别号码，以便于追查被偷车辆。style n. C; U a general manner of doing sth. which is typical or representative of a person or group, a time in history, etc. 风格，作风e.g. 1. Have you thought about having your hair in a shorter style?2. Our childrens different needs and learning styles created many problems.孩子们不同的需求和学习方式给我们带来了许多问题。grateful a. ( for, to) feeling or showing thanks to another person 常与for或to连用感激的；表示感谢的e.g. 1. I am extremely grateful to all the teachers for their help.2. I should like to extend my grateful thanks to all the volunteers.我想对所有的志愿者致以衷心的谢意。come on in come in进来吧（比come in更随和友好的说法）e.g. 1. Come on in, my dear.2. Come on in. Sorry, my room is a bit messy. 进来坐坐吧。不好意思，我的房间有点乱。roast n. C a large piece of roasted meat大块烤肉e.g. 1. My mother always cooks a traditional pot roast when we gather at home for a special day.2. I forgot about the oven and the roast has frizzled up.我忘了看炉火，结果把烤肉给烤干了。bunch n.(of), +sing./pl. v infml a group 常与of连用；谓语动词用单数或复数非正式一群，一伙e.g. 1. The people that I work with are a great bunch. 2. My neighbours are a bunch of busybodies.我的邻居们是一群爱管闲事的人。expose vt. (to) uncover; leave without protection 常与to连用（使）暴露e.g. 1. My job as a journalist is to uncover truth and expose falsehood.2. After the scandal was exposed, Dr Bailey committed suicide.丑闻曝光后，贝利博士自杀了。help (sb.) out give help (to sb.) at a time of need （需要时）帮助（某人）e.g. 1. I helped her out when she became ill. 2. Im in a rather tricky position;can you help me out?我的处境很棘手，你能帮我吗？have . in mind consider 考虑e.g. 1. Camping in summer is just what I have in mind now.2. What kind of starting pay do you have in mind?你希望起薪多少？Text BSection A KEY WORDS AND EXPRESSIONSKey Words:virtually ad.teamwork n.punch vt.moustache ern vt.signal vt.participate vi.security n.shift n.somehow ad.heave vt.collapse vi.leap vi.aid n.ambulance n.spot vt.slip vt.establish vt.locate vt.alongside prep.route n.appreciate vt.occasional a.virtually ad. almost; very nearly 实际上，事实上，差不多e.g. This years results are virtually the same as last years.It would have been virtually impossible to research all the information.teamwork n. U the ability of a group of people to work together effectively; (work done through) combined effort集体合作，协作；协力进行的工作e.g. Only teamwork will enable us to get the job done on time.Todays complex buildings require close teamwork between the architect and the builders.punch vt. enter information by pressing a button or key on a machine 按键发出e.g. Mrs. Baylor strode to the elevator and punched the button.moustache n. an unshaved growth of hair on the upper lip髭；小胡子e.g. His father shaved off his moustache. He has decided to grow a beard and a ern vt. control, fix, or guide 治理，统辖；管理e.g. Strict rules and regulations are needed to govern class attendance.They go to the polls on Friday to choose the people they want to govern their country.signal vt. -ll- BrE 英-l- AmE 美express, warn, or tell (as if) by a signal or signals （似）用信号警告；示意e.g. The referee took out a yellow card from his pocket and signalled a serious foul.He stood up, signalling to the officer that he had finished with his client.participate vi. (in) rather fml take part or have a share in an activity or event 常与in连用较正式参加，参与e.g. We want to encourage students to participate fully in the running of the college. Over half the population of this country participate in sport.security n. U freedom or protection from danger or worry; safety 安全；保护；保障e.g. They are now under a great deal of pressure to tighten their airport security.Strict security measures are in force in the capital.shift n. (the period of time worked by) a group of workers which takes turns with one or more groups （值班工人的）当班时间，班次工作时间；轮班工人e.g. We are on the night shift at the factory this week. His father worked shifts in a steel mill.somehow ad. by some means; in some way not yet known or stated 以某种方法，不知怎么地e.g. You must stop him from seeing her somehow.Somehow Karin managed to cope with the demands of her career.heave vt. lift and pull or push with great effort （用很大力气）举，拉，推e.g. I managed to heave the trunk down the stairs. It took five strong men to heave the statue up a ramp and lower it into place.collapse vi. fail suddenly and completely; break down 崩溃，垮掉，瓦解e.g. The sick old man collapsed in the street and died two hours later. The roof collapsed under the weight of snow.leap vi. act, move, rise, etc., quickly, as if with a jump敏捷移动，迅速反应e.g. They leapt into action immediately.She was quick to leap to my defence.aid n. U fml support or help 正式支持，帮助，救助e.g. One of the station staff saw her in difficulty and came to her aid. He succeeded with the aid of a completely new method he discovered.ambulance n. a vehicle with special equipment, used for taking sick or injured people to a hospital 救护车e.g. They took the injured away in an ambulance.He was sent to hospital by ambulance.spot vt. -tt- pick out with the eye; see or recognise, esp. with effort or difficulty （用眼睛）找出；认出；看出e.g. Can you spot any differences between these two pictures? Vicenzo failed to spot the error.slip vt. -pp- put or give smoothly, secretly, or unnoticed 偷偷悄悄地塞给e.g. He slipped the guard some money and got into the building.I slipped a note under Louises door.establish vt. set up; begin; create 建立，创立；使开业e.g. I wondered why he should bother to try and establish contact with me.The school has established a successful relationship with the local community.locate vt. usu. pass. fix or set in a certain place; situate （一般用被动语态）把设置在，使坐落于e.g. Steves business is located right in the centre of town.They located their headquarters in Swindon.alongside prep. close to and in line with the edge of (sth.); along the side (of) 靠着沿着的旁边；与并排e.g. A police car pulled up alongside us. Much of the industry was located alongside rivers.route n. a chosen direction or line of travel between one place and another （旅行的）路线，路程e.g. The house he has bought is not on a bus route.All escape routes were blocked by armed police.appreciate vt. be thankful or grateful for; recognize and enjoy the good qualities or worth of 感激; 鉴赏；欣赏；赏识e.g. Your support is greatly appreciated.Peter stood by me when I most needed it. Ill always appreciate that.occasional a. happening from time to time; not regular 偶尔的，偶然的，不经常的e.g. Ive had occasional mild headaches all my life.The weather was good except for an occasional shower.CF: occasional, uncommon, scarce, rare这些形容词均含“稀罕的，很少发生”之意。occasional指偶然、不时或间或发生的事，侧重无规律可循。例如：He works for us on an occasional basis.uncommon指一般不发生或很少发生的事情，故显得独特、异常与例外。例如：A 15-year lifespan is not uncommon for a dog.scarce指暂时不易发现、不存在或数量不足，供不应求的东西。例如：This kind of training is ineffective, and wasteful of scarce resources.rare指难得发生的事或难遇见的人或事，侧重特殊性。例如：The black-necked crane is one of the rarest species in the world.deliver vt. give birth to 分娩e.g. My sister-in-law delivered a healthy girl last night. My mother delivered me at Sibly Memorial hospital.Expressions:in / under circumstancesstand outpull awayin contrast toin / under circumstances in situation 在情况下e.g. Jane is my truest friend, so I can trust her in any circumstances.Under the circumstances, it seemed better not to tell him about the accident.stand out have an easily-seen shape, colour, etc.; be very noticeable 显著，显眼；杰出，突出e.g. That fashion model always stands out in a crowd no matter where she is. Every tree, wall and fence stood out against dazzling white fields.pull away (esp. of a vehicle or its driver) start to move away from the s