北师大版高中英语必修三学案：Unit 7 Section Ⅱ.doc

section warmup & the spirit of explorerslanguage points frightening adj.令人惊恐的；骇人的(教材p115)but it can be frightening when the weather is bad.但是，天气不好的时候很令人惊恐。(1)frighten v使惊恐，使害怕frighten o(out of)doing sth. 吓得某人(不)做某事(2)frightened adj. 感到害怕的be frightened at. (听到)吓了一跳be frightened of sb./sth. 害怕某人/某事he frightened the old man into giving(give)him all the money.他恐吓那位老人把所有的钱都给了他。jane was frightened (frighten) when she was brought into the small，dark room.当简被带进那间又小又黑的屋子时，她吓坏了。名师点津分词形容词化绝大多数情感动词的分词形式已经形容词化，现在分词多用于指“(事物)令人的”；过去分词作形容词多说明人的状态，指“(人)感到的”。surprising令人吃惊的surprised 惊讶的disappointing 令人失望的 disappointed 失望的worrying 令人焦虑的 worried 焦虑的exciting 令人激动的 excited 激动的moving 令人感动的 moved 感动的interesting 令人感兴趣的 interested 感兴趣的 set sail起航(教材p8)in 982 ad，when a man called eric the red decided to set sail further west，there were as many as 10，000 vikings living in iceland.公元982年，冰岛生活着多达一万的纳维亚人，就在此时，一个叫埃里克雷德的人决定向西远航。set about着手，开始做set off 出发，启程，引起，使(炸弹等)爆炸set out 出发，开始做set aside 节省，保留set up 建立，树立set down 写下，放下set free 释放we need to set about finding(find) a solution.我们得着手寻找一个解决方法。he set out to_paint(paint) the tent which he set up just now. 【导学号：81152000】他开始粉刷刚刚搭起来的帐篷。i try to set_aside a few minutes to do some exercise every day.我每天尽量腾出一些时间来锻炼身体。名师点津set about表示“开始做某事”时，后跟动名词作宾语；set out表示“着手/开始做某事”时，后跟不定式作宾语。 (教材p8)according_to the old stories of iceland and norway，eric the red was forced to leave iceland because he had committed a murder，for which he got_into_trouble.根据冰岛和挪威的传说，埃里克雷德因一起谋杀案而被迫离开冰岛。(1)according to 根据；依据according as依照； 根据； 随而定； 取决于according to schedule 按计划(按照计划)according as her plan is well carried out, she will do very well in her exams.如果好好执行她的计划，她将会考好各科考试。名师点津according to的根据according to表示“根据”，通常是指根据别人或别处，其后不能接第一、二人称的代词(me，us，you)，也不接view(看法)和opinion(意见)这类表示观点、看法的词。(2)get into trouble 陷入麻烦；陷入困境(be) in trouble有麻烦，有困难，出事ask/look for trouble 自找麻烦，自寻烦恼make trouble(for sb.) (给某人)制造麻烦/捣乱get sb.out of trouble 使某人摆脱困境get o trouble 使某人陷入困境have trouble(in)doing/with sth. 做某事有困难if i dont get this finished on time，ill be in trouble.我如果不按时把这事完成就要倒霉了。they took a lot of trouble to_find(find) the right person for the job.他们费尽心血找适合做这项工作的人。we have some trouble (in)_writing(write) the article.我们写文章有些困难。 persuade vt.说服；劝说(教材p8)he persuaded some people to go back with him to greenland.他说服一些人与他一起回到了格陵兰岛。persuade sb.to do sth./into doing sth.说服某人做某事persuade sb.not to do sth./out of doing sth. 说服某人不做某事persuade sb.of sth. 使某人信服某事persuade sb.that. 使某人相信we persuaded her into taking (take) the job.我们说服她接受了这份工作。i persuaded my father out_of smoking.我说服父亲戒了烟。she persuaded me that death does not end all.她说服我相信死并不能结束一切。名师点津persuade强调成功说服对方，侧重结果。advise表示劝说、劝告，强调动作，结果不一定成功。可接动词ing形式作宾语，也可接that引导的宾语从句，从句中用虚拟语气(should)动词原形。而persuade无此用法。 make it to 到达(教材p8)eric set sail once again，this time with 25 ships，of which only 14 made it to greenland.埃里克再次起航，这次有25艘船与他同行，但其中只有14艘最终抵达格陵兰岛。make it成功；出席，到场；约定时间； 成功到达make the most of sth. 充分利用某物make out 看清；理解；声称make up 编造，虚构；给化妆make up for 补偿；弥补if we all hang together, our plan will make it.如果我们团结起来，我们的计划就会成功。three doctors and five nurses made up the medical team.三名医生和五名护士组成了这个医疗队。 in search of寻找；寻求(教材p8)not long after eric the red had landed in greenland，a man called biarni set sail from iceland in search of erics party.埃里克雷德登上格陵兰岛后不久，一个叫比阿尼的人就从冰岛起航寻找埃里克一行人。(1)in the/ones search for寻找(2)search sb./sp. 搜身/搜查某个地方search sb./sp.for sth. 为找某物而搜身(搜查某个地方)search for(look for) 寻找he searched his pockets，but found nothing.他翻遍了自己的口袋，什么也没有找到。he searched his pockets for his keys.他翻遍了口袋找钥匙。语境助记the customs were searching for drugs when i came through the airport.they searched everybodys luggage for them，and they searched the man in front of me from head to foot.我经过机场时，海关人员正在搜查毒品。他们检查每个人的行李，并且把我前面那个人从头到脚搜了一遍。 apologise vi.道歉(美式英语拼写作apologize)(教材p9)mr johnson apologised for the mistake.约翰逊先生因为他犯的错误而道歉。(1)apologise to sb.for (doing) sth.因为(做)某事而向某人道歉(2)apology n. 道歉make an apology 道歉make/offer an apology to sb.for (doing) sth. 因为(做)某事而向某人道歉he made an apology to me for hurting my feelings.他因伤害了我的感情而向我道歉。he apologised to the teacher for being late.he made an apology(apologize) to the teacher for being late.他因迟到而向老师道歉。.语境填词1they thought the thunder was very _(frighten). 【导学号：81152001】2. he apologised for not _(come) to the party.3dont let yourself be persuaded into _(buy) things you dont really want.4according _ the weather forecast，it will rain tomorrow.5we had trouble _(persuade) him to come with us.【答案】1.ing3.buying4.to 5(in)persuading.选词填空fill out；on ones own；in search of；according to；get into trouble；make it to1migrant workers move from city to city _ work.2jim is always _ with the law.3the poet wanted to wander those countries _4are we late？do we have enough time to _ bremen today?5she ranked her students _their grades.【答案】1.in search of2.getting into trouble3on his own4.make it to5.according to.完成句子1她为了过上平静的生活移民到新西兰去了。she immigrated to new zealand _2中华文化早在几千年以前就走向了世界。chinese culture has _ thousands of years ago.3我们在黎明起程，直驶纽约。we _ and headed for new york.4我们观察他是为了不让他惹出乱子来。we watched him in order to keep him _5他由于迟到而向观众致歉。he_.【答案】1.in search of a quiet life2.made it to the world3.set sail at dawn4.out of trouble 5apologized to the audience for being late (教材p8)the vikings were the first europeans to_reach_america北欧海盗是第一批到达美洲的欧洲人。【要点提炼】句中不定式短语to reach america作后置定语，修饰the first europeans。当中心词是序数词或被序数词修饰时，常用不定式(短语)作后置定语。英语中常用不定式作后置定语的情况(1)被修饰词为序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。(2)不定代词something，nothing，little等后常用不定式作定语。(3)抽象名词time，way，reason，chance，ability，courage，opportunity，wish等后常用不定式作定语。(4)被修饰词前有the only，the very，the next等词对其进行修饰时。she is the only woman to_have_been_elected(elect) to such a post.她是唯一一位当选该职位的女性。there is nothing to_worry_about没什么可担心的。volunteering gives you a chance to_change_lives，including your own. 【导学号：81152002】志愿者工作给了你改变生活的机会，包括你自己的。 (教材p8)they achieved this_long_before columbus ever set sail.早在哥伦布起航之前，他们就已经到达那里了。【要点提炼】long before columbus ever set sail 是时间状语从句。long before表示“很久以前”，可将其视为介词、连词或副词。it was long before.过了很久才it was not long before. 没过多久就it will not be long before. 要不了多久就会it will be long before. 要过很久才it will not long before the students take the entrance examination of the college.不久，学生们就要参加大学入学考试了。it was not long before my mother came back.没过多久妈妈就回来了。 【导学号：81152003】 (教材p8)leif followed biarnis directions and sailed to what_is_believed_to_be_the_coast_of_presentday_canada赖伊夫依照比阿尼的指点，航行到据说是现在的加拿大海岸的所在地。【要点提炼】what is believed to be the coast of presentday canada为介词to的宾语，由what引导，what在宾语从句中作主语。what作连接代词的用法：引导名词性从句的what，可在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。(1)具有疑问代词性质的what，意为“什么，什么样的”。(2)在名词前表示感叹的what，意为“多么”。(3)具有关系代词性质的what，意为“的”。what在此相当于“the名词that”或者all that，既包含了先行词也包含了关系代词。i will never forget what the experience has really taught me.sacrifices pay off in the end.我永远不会忘记这次经历教给“我”的东西， 做出的牺牲最终得到了回报。(what在宾语从句中作宾语)only then did i recognize what silly mistakes i had made.在那时我才意识到我犯了多么愚蠢的错误。(what在宾语从句中作定语)police have found what appears to be the lost ancient statue.警察找到可能是丢失的古代雕像的物品。(what在宾语从句中作主语)china is no longer what(the china that)it used to be.中国再也不是以前的中国了。(what在表语从句中作表语)完成句子1吉姆是第一个被提问的人。jim is the first person _2要不了多久，我们就能把这种害虫消除干净。_ we can be rid of the pest altogether.3今天的天气和昨天大不相同。the weather today is quite different from _【答案】1.to be asked2.it wont be long before3.what it was yesterdayaccording to the old stories of iceland and norway, eric the red was forced to leave iceland because he had committed a murder, for which he got into trouble.【分析】because引导原因状语从句；从句中for which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代he had committed a murder。【翻译】_【答案】根据冰岛和挪威的传说，埃里克雷德因一起谋杀案而被迫离开冰岛。关系副词和“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句阅读下列句子，体会黑体部分的用法1ancient china was a place where states were often at war with each other.2but it was also a time when there are many great philosophers.3do you know the reason why he has been late?4for example，it is the country in which silk was first invented.5he is a man of whom china can be proud.关系副词引导的定语从句当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，通常要用关系副词引导定语从句。常用的关系副词有when，where和why。一、关系副词when1when 引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示时间的名词，如time，day，hour，month，year，在从句中作时间状语。2when既可以引导限制性定语从句，又可以引导非限制性定语从句。3关系副词when常可用“介词which”来代替。ill never forget the days when we stayed in the countryside.我永远忘不了我们在乡下待过的日子。(when引导限制性定语从句，可用 during which 代替)do you still remember the time when we met our old friend john?你还记得我们遇见我们的老朋友约翰的时候吗？(when引导限制性定语从句，可用 at which 代替)in the old days，when our country was not so strong，peasants lived a hard life.在过去，我们的国家还没有这么富强的时候，农民们过着苦日子。(when引导非限制性定语从句，可用in which 代替)二、关系副词where1where引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示地点的名词(如place，room，house，spot，school，country等)，在从句中作地点状语。they went into the hall where the meeting was being held.他们走进正在开会的大厅。2where可以引导非限制性定语从句。we must find a place, where we can put up for the night.我们得找个能住宿的地方。3关系副词where常可用“介词关系代词”构成的表示地点的介词短语代替。japan is the place where (in which) earthquakes frequently happen.日本是地震频繁爆发的地方。the office where (at which) he works is not far from here.他工作的办公室离这儿不远。名师点津where引导定语从句和状语从句的区别引导定语从句时，where是关系副词，在从句中作地点状语，其前有表示地点的名词作先行词，从句修饰先行词；引导状语从句时，where是从属连词，从句修饰主句的谓语动词，where前面没有表示地点的名词。hes got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane.(定语从句)他使自己陷入了一种危险的情况，他很可能会失去对飞机的控制。when you read the book，youd better make a mark where you have questions.(状语从句)读这本书的时候，你最好在有疑问的地方做一下标记。三、关系副词why1why 引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示原因的名词，如 reason，excuse，explanation，在从句中作原因状语。2关系副词 why 常可用“介词forwhich”来代替。名师点津why 不能引导非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句中，先行词是 reason，关系副词在定语从句中作状语时，应该用 for which 引导。the reason why he was absent sounds reasonable.他缺席的原因听起来很合理。(why引导限制性定语从句，可用for which代替)can you believe his reason why he didnt attend the meeting yesterday？你能相信他昨天没来开会的理由吗？(why引导限制性定语从句，可用 for which 代替)“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句1“介词which”在定语从句中充当时间、地点、原因状语，相当于关系副词when，where和why。(上面已讲述)2“介词which/whom”在定语从句中充当目的、方式状语。this is the pilot for whom i bought a camera.这就是我为他买了一部相机的那个飞行员。he stood near the window through which he could see the small river.他站在窗户旁边，由此能看到那条小河。3“介词which/whom”在含有被动语态的定语从句中作状语，表示动作的执行者。the tiger by which the hare was eaten was still hungry.吃了野兔的那只老虎还是很饿。4“名词/数词ofwhich/whom”在定语从句中作主语，其中“名词ofwhich/whom”“whose名词”。yesterday i visited my old friend li ping，the children of whom(whose children) are abroad.昨天我去拜访了我的老朋友李平，他的孩子在国外。this is the house，the windows of which(whose windows) face to the south.这就是那座房子，它的窗户朝南。5“介词whose”作定语，修饰其后的名词。the boss in whose company my father worked was a kind person.我父亲工作过的那个公司的老板是个和善的人。6介词的选取(1)根据定语从句中的谓语动词与介词的习惯搭配确定介词。该动词与介词搭配构成动词短语。is this the car for which you paid a high price?这就是你花高价买的车吗？(pay for sth.)in the dark street，there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help.在漆黑的大街上，没有一个她可以求助的人。(turn to sb.for help)(2)根据定语从句中的形容词与介词的习惯搭配确定介词。该形容词与介词搭配构成形容词短语。he brought the result with which the boss was satisfied.他带来了让老板非常满意的结果。(be satisfied with)(3)根据先行词与介词的习惯搭配确定介词。先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方式等的词，它与介词之间有一定的联系。do you