Howmanykindsoftranslationsaretherefor--“今年你到哪里去度假？”.doc

Topic:How many kinds of translations are there for -“今年你到哪里去度假？”Members: WeiJiamingClass:10(3)Date:Mar. 18th, 20111. IntroductionAlthough there are only two tenses in English (present tense & past tense), it do not mean that future time cannot be expressed. On the contrary ,there are several various ways to express the future time.But the certainty degrees are different.2. Means to express future time2.1 modal auxiliaries2.1.1 will/shall + infinitivedenote a prediction (personal attitude is involved)eg: You will fail the test if you dont work hard.eg: We shall know the result next week.denote a willingness/intentioneg: I will do it , if you like.eg: What shall I do with your email?2.1.2 will/shall+be+ -ing/ +have+ -ed/+have+be+ -ingdenote a pure future (without personal attitude)eg: The train will be arriving at two oclock.denote an incomplete action at a certain or a period of time in the futureeg: I ll be working in Shanghai during May. denote a complete action at a certain or a period of time in the futureeg: Ill have finished my work by five this afternoon.denote an action has started but will proceed to a certain time in the future eg: By the end of next month, I shall have been working here for 20 years exactly.Pay attention :Sometimes, above three patterns do not denote the future time ,but the conjecture of the speaker .eg: Hurry up. They will be waiting.(快点吧，他们一定在等我们。)eg: You will have heard the news ,so I neednt repeat it. （你一定已经听说了那则新闻，所以我没有必要再重述。）eg: They will have being having a holiday yesterday.（昨天他们大概在度假。）2.2 Semi-auxiliaries2.2.1 be going to +infinitivedenote an intentioneg: Were going to call a meeting to discuss it.denote a predictioneg: Look at these black clouds, theres going to be a storm.2.2.2 be to +infinitivedenote an action which is going to hanppen immediately according to certain plan or schdule.eg: According to the timetable, theres going to be an interview this afternoon.denote an order /a ban/a possibilityeg: You are to stand here. Do you understand ?eg: The dictionary is not to be had here.2.3 Present Progressive(be+ -ing)denote an action which will happen in the near future according to certain plans or arrangements, especially come with words that indicate a change of location. (eg: go, leave ,come ,start, arrive) eg: Were leaving on Friday.involve some modal meaningseg: Im not sitting on that hard seat.(=I wont sit on that hard seat.)2.4 Simple Presentmainly appear in the subclauses of Adverbial Clause of Time/Adverbial Clause of Conditioneg: It wont be long before the rain stops.eg: If she comes, Ill tell her all about this.sometimes appear in main clauses, which denote a future happening according to a schdule or a plan.eg: Referring to the calendar, next Christmas falls on a Monday. 3. Comparison3.1 be going to +infinitive vs will +infinitiveWhen both of them denote an intention, be going to +infinitive -the intention has already been considered in advance.will +infinitive-the intention is come up with temporarily.3.2 Present Progressive , Simple Present & be to +infinitiveAll the three can be used to denote something will surely happen according to plans or schdules , but the difference is the stylistics:Present Progressive-casualbe to +infinitive-formalSimple Present -more formal and more objective3.3 Present Progressive vs be going to +infinitiveBoth of them can be used to denote something that will happen in the future.And in most cases , they are interchangeable.But if the main verb is come or go, present progressive is preferred. 4. ConclusionPossible answers to the previous question according to the above six means :Every vacation you travel abroad , so where are you spending your holiday this year?The vacations coming, and where will you be spending your holiday this year?A: Where are you going to spend your holiday this year? B: A friend in Australia is going to get married, so Im going to attend her wedding.A: Where will you spend your holiday this year?