大学英语视听说unit5教案.doc

新世纪大学英语系列教材综合教程第一册Zooming in: An Integrated English Course, Book 1Unit Five Parents and ChildrenLearning Objectives of Unit Fivev Share your idea of parent-child relationship with your classmatesv Master the usage of the key words and useful expressions in Text A and Text Bv Learn how to maintain a loving parent-child relationship from the two textsv Learn the rhetorical device euphemism and appreciate the rhetoric effect of metaphorv Learn to develop an English paragraph by listingI. Warm-up Activities Activity 1: Interview Will You Do This?Directions: Suppose you are the reporter from Phoenix TV and you are going to interview some children/parents on how to maintain a loving parent-child relationship; conduct your survey by gathering answers to question on next page:Will you? Express your feelings Communicate love through gentle touch Participate in your parents/childrens interests or hobbies Respond when your parents/children initiate a conversation buy your parents/children some gifts visit each other regularly invite your parents/children for dinnerThis may lead to a discussion of generation gapActivity 2: Watch the Video and Discuss Directions: Watch the video clip from Friends and then discuss the following topics. Do your parents treat your siblings the same way they treat you? What would you do if your parents love your siblings, if any, better than they love you?v Words and Expressions for the Discussion:silbing rivalryfamily lovesuperiority/inferiorityobediencemale heirmums petsexist/sexismrebellionfamily linegrowing painsinequality of the sexesmutual understandingprejudice/discriminationlong-cherished valuesII. Text A A Time for Memories1. Background Information Prom In the United States and Canada, a prom, short for promenade, is used to describe a formal dance held at the end of an academic year. Boys usually dress a dinner jacket and bow tie, sometimes with brightly colored cummerbunds (腰带) or vests, though any sort of formal wear can be worn. Traditionally, girls gave boys matching boutonnieres (纽扣眼上插的花) to be worn on their tuxedos or waistcoats. Girls traditionally wear formal gowns or dresses adorned with a corsage (胸前花饰) given to them by their dates. Common prom activities include dining, dancing, the crowning of a prom King and Queen, and socializing.2. Key Words and Useful Expressions2.1 recent a. (L. 6) happening or starting from a short time ago 最近的e.g. According to a recent survey, the percentage of working women is stuck at 32%. 据最近一项调查显示，职业女性的比例保持在百分之三十二。 The global warming issue has exploded into popular media in recent years. 近些年来，全球变暖问题充斥着主流媒体。2.2 senior (L. 11) 1. n. C a student in their final year of high school or university; sb. who is high or higher in rank （中学或大学）高年级生；前辈，上司，资深人士e.g. He was my senior at Yale by two years.他是耶鲁大学比我高两级的学生。He was described by his seniors as a model officer.他的上级都称他是模范的公务员。2. a. high or higher in rank; older地位（或级别）较高的，资历较深的；年长的，年纪较大的e.g. Women fill twenty percent of senior management positions. 有百分之二十的高级管理岗位是由女性担任的。Bob is two years senior to me.鲍伯比我大两岁。2.3 straight (L. 18) 1. a. continuing in one direction without bending or curving; honest笔直的，挺直的；正直的，坦率的e.g. His friend is a tall, slim girl with a straight nose.他的朋友是位鼻子挺直,身材高挑的姑娘。The boss is not completely straight with us.上司对我们并不完全坦诚。短语：get sth. right/straight 清楚无误地了解某事物keep a straight face 忍住不笑(as) straight as an arrow （物）笔直；（人）诚实、正直2. ad. without pausing or delaying 直接地，不延误地e.g. Go straight down the road and then turn left.沿着这条路一直走,然后左转。He went to bed straight after supper.他吃了晚饭就直接去睡觉了。2.4 take/catch sb. by surprise (L. 24) happen unexpectedly, so as to shock sb. 使某人大吃一惊e.g. The question took him by surprise.他没想到人家会问这个问题。Her sudden resignation took us all by surprise. 她突然辞职，我们都为之愕然。2.5 disturbing a. (L. 28) making sb. feel worried, upset or shocked 使人担忧的；使人吃惊的, 使人心惊肉跳的e.g. There is a disturbing increase in the crime rate.犯罪率的增长令人担忧。There was something about him she found disturbing.她发现他总有些让人心里不塌实的感觉。派生词： disturb vt. 扰乱；骚扰disturbance n.扰乱disturbed a.心乱的，不安的undisturbed a. 安静的, 镇定的disturbingly ad. 烦扰地2.6 be/become acquainted with (L. 30) know or be familiar with sth. because one has studied it or has experienced it before （因为读过、见过或经历过某物而）知道或熟悉（某物）e.g. He was well acquainted with the literature of France. 他通晓法国文学。 Police said the thieves were obviously well acquainted with the alarm system at the department store.警察说这些小偷显然很熟悉店内的报警系统。 短语：acquaint sb. with sth. 使（某人）了解（某事）have a passing/slight/nodding acquaintance with sth. 对不甚了解2.7 ease (L. 35) 1. vt. make or become less severe, difficult, unpleasant, painful, etc.; relieve, comfort 减轻，舒缓 ； 使安心，使宽慰e.g. The aspirin eased his headache.阿斯匹灵减轻了他的头痛。I eased her mind by telling her that the children were safe.我告诉她孩子们平安无恙，让她安心。2n. U easiness; comfort不费力；安逸，悠闲e.g. She won the 400m race with ease.她轻而易举地夺得了400米跑的冠军。The retired couple lived a life of ease.这对退休夫妇过着安逸的生活。2.8 keep sth. from sb. (L. 49) not tell sb. about sth.; prevent from hearing 不把告诉（某人）；防止（某人）听到（某事）e.g. He says its alright but I think hes keeping something from me.虽然他说没事，可我还是觉得他有事瞒着我。Clark murmured, keeping what he said from Amanda.克拉克低声说话，尽量不让阿曼达听到他说了什么。比较：keep sth. from sb., keep sb./sth. from sth.keep sth. from sb. 表示“不把告诉（某人）；防止（某人）听到（某事）” 。keep sb./sth. from sth. 表示 “阻止（某人）做（某事）” 。e.g. She kept all her secrets from me. 她所有的秘密都不告诉我。I kept the children from going out. 我不让孩子们出去。2.9 option n. (L. 50) one thing which can be chosen from a set of possibilities; the freedom to make a choice 很多供选择的事物中的一个; 选择（的自由）e.g. She had no option but to quit her job in order to take care of her child.为了照顾孩子，她别无选择，只好辞职。It is at your option to stay or leave.去留随你的便。短语：have/keep your options open 仍持观望态度，未作选择have no option (but to do sth.) 别无选择（只好做某事） 2.10 soak up (L. 68) enjoy the effects or experience of sth. as much as possible 接受，吸收，沉湎于e.g. I love to lie on the beach and soak up the sun.我喜欢躺在沙滩上享受阳光的照射。Just stroll around the bazaar and soak up the atmosphere.随便在这个集市逛逛，好好感受一下这里的气氛。2.11 sway (L. 78)1. vi. move slowly from side to side摇动，摇摆e.g. The branches are swaying gently in the wind.树枝在风中轻轻摇曳。He swayed slightly, as if about to fall.他身子一歪，像要倒下。2. vt. influence or change 影响或改变e.g. Recent developments have swayed the balance of power in the region.近期的发展打破了该地区各势力均衡的局面。Obamas speech swayed many voters.奥巴马的演讲影响了众多的选民。2.12 tighten vt. (L. 80) become tighter or make sth. become tighter, firmer or less easy to move使变紧，使更牢固e.g. We must tighten these screws.我们必须把这些螺钉旋紧。He tightened his grip on her arm.他紧抓住她的手臂。短语：tighten (sth.) up 使更严格；使更有效tighten your belt 节衣缩食，减少开支3. Difficult Sentences and Sentence Patterns3.1 Difficult Sentences 3.1.1 I gave her one of my arched-eyebrow inquiries, then smiled. (L. 26) I raised my eyebrows as I usually did when I felt puzzled or when I was in doubt and then smiled. 我皱起了眉头，狐疑地看了她一眼，然后微微笑了。my arched-eyebrow inquiries 是一个以inquiries为中心词的名词词组，定语 arched-eyebrow是一个复合词，意为“皱起眉头”。3.1.2 What I didnt know, and what she had kept from me, was that her condition wasnt improving. (L. 48-49) What Id no idea of was that she didnt physically become better, and she hid the truth from me. 但有一点我一无所知，而且她也一直瞒着我，那就是她身体状况毫无好转。what I didnt know 和 what she had kept from me 是两个并列的分句，一同作为该句的主语。 keep sth. from sb. 意思是“不把（某事）告诉（某人）” A Knack for Translation: 重复法重复法是指在译文中适当地重复原文中出现过的词语，使意思表达得更加清楚；或者进一步加强语气，突出强调某些内容，取得更好的修辞效果。一般而言，英语往往为了行文简洁而尽量避免重复。所以，英语经常借助替代、省略等其他表达方法。相反，重复却是汉语表达的一个显著特点。在许多场合某些词语不仅需要重复，而且也只有重复这些词语，语义才能明确，表达才能生动。为了达到汉语译文准确、通顺和完整的翻译标准，常常需要将一些关键词加以重复。本课文中第三段的译文为：“年复一年，我们看着公园里的松树长得巍峨挺拔，直到高耸入云。松树年年增高，我们之间的关系也越发密切，对彼此的爱也越来越深。” 原文中pine trees 只出现过一次，但在译文中出现了两次。第二个“松树” 便是重复法在英汉翻译中的运用，它使语义变得更加明确。3.2 Sentence Patterns3.2.1 even before (L. 42) 还没就; 不用就e.g. Some Beijing opera actors have gained quite a reputation even before their graduation.有的京剧演员在没出科之前就已经小有名气了。His children began to dispute his property even before he passed away.他还没合眼, 子女们就开始争夺财产了。3.2.2 just as (L. 57) 正如 e.g. She treats me as a child, just as I treat her.她把我当成孩子，正如我把她当成孩子一样。Just as the twig is bent, the tree is inclined.弯曲的树苗长成弯曲的大树。4Discourse Analysis 4.1 Main Idea of the TextThe writer recalls the days when she and her mother would meet and chat about life under a pine tree in the park nearby, and it was there that she learned her mother was dying of heart disease. After the writers mother died, the writer still brought her sons to the same spot which brought back fond memories of her mother. Such visits and the gatherings under the tree created a close bond between her and her sons. 4.2 Structure of the TextThe story is told in the first person. The most important thing is that in this text narration and description blend well with each other. Events in the story are generally related in chronological order, that is, in the order in which they occur. The text can be divided into two parts. In the first part the writer narrates and describes how she developed a close relationship with her mother. In the second part she tells the readers how life repeats itself like a circle when she and her children chatted about life under the pine tree as her mother and her had done years before.The structure can be seen in the following table: PartParagraphsMain IdeaOne18The writer recalls the days when she and her mother would meet and chat about life under a pine tree in the park nearby, and it was there that she learned about her mother was dying of heart disease.Two913After the writers mother died, the writer still brought her sons to the same spot which brought back fond memories of her mother. Such visits and the gatherings under the tree had created a close bond between her and her sons.4.3 Rhetorical Devices in the TextIn Text A, the writer makes use of the following rhetorical devices to make his narration and description more impressive and vivid. In the text, the writer employs the rhetorical device euphemism (委婉) in the sentence, “Who will you bring here after Im gone? (L. 25)”. To soften the harsh reality that her mother was dying, she substituted a mild or vague expression “after I am gone” for a harsh one “when I am dead”. To show the mothers love for the daughter, she used an expression that indirectly refers to “death”.Metaphor is used in Para. 3. The author compares the growth of the pine trees to the growing of closeness between the mother and the daughter. The writer and her mother witnessed the pine trees growing tall and straight over the years. And the writer believed the pine tree also witnessed how she and her mother developed the close relationship and deep love for each other. It also helps the readers understand that the pine tree had become an important part of their life which could always bring back fond memories. III. Text B Cellular Love1. Short Answer Questions Directions: Read the passage in five minutes and then answer the five questions in the fewest possible words (not exceeding 10 words).1.1 How did the writer know that it was her mothers call? Answer: Her cell phone showed her mothers number.1.2 What was she doing when her mother called? Answer: She was preparing dinner.1.3 How did her mother handle such difficulties in her life as sicknesses, and loss of much of what and whom she loved? Answer: With a will of iron.1.4 What does the sentence “I should only be lucky” inside the card mean? Answer: She feels happy about being like her mother.1.5 According to the writer, what is “Cellular Love” ? Answer: The maternal love for a daughter away from home.2. Key Words and Useful Expressions2.1 light up (L. 3) 点燃, 点亮;e.g. The sun lights up the sky and the earth. 太阳照亮了天空和大地。He lit up a cigarette.他点燃了一支香烟。2.2 depress vt. (L. 8) 使沮丧，使消沉；使萧条e.g. Rainy weather always depresses me.雨天总会使我心情抑郁。When business is depressed, there is usually an increase in unemployment.商业不景气，失业率往往会随之上升。派生词：depression n. 沮丧，意气消沉；不景气,萧条(期)2.3 in spite of (L. 32-33) 尽管，虽然e.g. I went out in spite of the rain.尽管下雨我还是外出了。In spite of great efforts we failed to carry our plans through. 尽管我们做出了巨大努力，我们还是没能完成计划。2.4 navigate (L. 45) 1. vi 测定位置和线路；导航e.g. Ill drive the car, you navigate.我来开车，你指路。Which officer in the ship navigates?舰上哪个军官引航?2. vt. 航行；横渡e.g. She is the first woman to navigate the Amazon alone.她是第一个独自在亚马孙河航行的女子。I dont like having to navigate Londons crowded streets.不愿意在伦敦拥挤的街道上穿行。2.5 domestic a. (L. 56) 家庭的，家事的；国家的; 国内的e.g. Her domestic troubles have ended.她的家庭烦恼结束了。The meeting concerns both foreign and domestic policies.会议关系到国内外政策。2.6 grateful a. (L. 57) 感谢的，感激的；表示感谢的e.g. She was grateful to George for all that he had done.她感激乔治所做的一切。They sent us a grateful letter.他们给我们寄来了一封感谢信。派生词：gratitude n. 感激之情，感恩,感谢ingratitude n. 忘恩负义，不知感恩图报ungrateful a. 忘恩负义的，不领情的2.7 in reality (L. 71) 事实上，实际上，其实e.g. Everyone likes the stranger, but in reality he is a criminal.每个人都喜欢这位陌生人，其实他却是个罪犯。The house looks very old, but in reality its quite new.这房子看起来很旧，实际上很新。短语：make sth. a reality 口语实现某事bring sb. back to reality 使某人面对或回到现实crude reality 亦裸裸的现实stern reality 严酷的现实lose touch with reality 脱离现实2.8 apply vt. (L. 82) 涂,敷；将铺在表面；应用；实施e.g. The nurse applied the ointment to the wound.护士把药膏敷到伤口上。Id never apply the word “readable” to any of his books.我绝不会把他的任何一本书称之为“可以一读的”。派生词：application n. 应用，适用；运用applicable a. 可应用的，合用的；可实施的applied a. 应用的，实用的2.9 acknowledge vt. (L. 89) 承认(+as)+v-ing+that；就表示感谢e.g. I acknowledge that her criticism is just.我承认她的批评是公正的。The candidate waved his hands to acknowledge the cheers of the crowd.候选人挥手对大众的欢呼表示感谢。派生词：acknowledgment n. 承认，认知；感谢，谢忱，谢意短语：in acknowledgment of 作为谢意IV. Writing1. Writing SkillHow to Develop an English Paragraph by ListingA paragraph can be developed by listing, which, through a list of reasons, facts, ideas or even possibilities, illustrates or supports a general statement of a paragraph. The points should be listed according to the sequence of time and space and/or the degree of importance of the ideas. The transitional words frequently used in listing are: for one thing, for another, finally, besides, moreover, one another, still another, first, second, also, etc.2 Writing Practice2.1 Analyze the Structure of a ParagraphDirections: Read the following paragraph carefully, and then analyze the paragraph and discuss in pair on how it is developed by listing.Yesterday was one of those awful days for me when everything went wrong. First, I didnt hear my alarm clock and was late for work. Then, I didnt read my memorandum properly and forgot to get to an important meeting with my boss. During the coffee break, I dropped my coffee cup and spoilt my new skirt. At lunch time, I left my purse on a bus and lost all the money in it. After lunch, my boss was angry because I hadnt gone to the meeting. Then I didnt notice a sign on a door that said “Wet Paint” and so I spoilt my jacket too. When I got home I couldnt get into my flat because I had left my key in my office. So I broke a window to get in and cut my hand.2.2 Write a Paragraph as Required Directions: Write a paragraph with the title The Unbright Side of City Life, which should be developed by listing.Sample WritingIn the eyes of many people, city life is attractive with all its advantages and convenience, yet they dont see the other side of the picture. First, with the expansion of the city, housing has become a serious problem for city people. Then, there is the problem of pollution: harmful gases from vehicles and poisonous water from factories pollute our surroundings; noise continually disturbs your peace and rest and drives you mad. Thirdly, modern city life puts a high pressure upon people; you have to hurry to and from work; you have to dodge (闪躲) in so as to avoid bumping into the flood of people, bicycles, cars, buses; all day long you are under great stress. Fourthly, big cities also cause some social problems, of which