Unit3Traveljournal (2).doc

Unit 3 Travel journal1. transport n. & vt. 运输；运送Public transport in this city is excellent. A car is a means of transport (=transportation Am.E). Transporting goods by rail reduces pollution. Food and water was transported from Beijing to Yushu by truck.transport sth. fromto(08湖北高考) At present, lots of food, water, tents, and medicine _ (正在运送) from all over China and other parts of the world to the earthquake-stricken areas. (transport)2. prefer vt. 更喜欢；更愿意，宁愿(1) prefer A to B 比起B，更喜欢AI much prefer dogs to cats. (2) prefer doing A to doing B 喜欢做A这件事，而不喜欢做B这件事(3) prefer to do sth. than do sth. 宁愿怎样而不愿怎样I prefer to walk than ride on a crowded bus. (4) prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事I prefer you to do it in a different way. (5) prefer that sb. (should) do 宁愿某人怎样I prefer that he (should) come on Monday instead of on Tuesday.思维拓展 preference n. 偏爱；喜好；优先权She has a preference for blue. It being Sunday, I _ (宁愿外出) rather than stay at home. (prefer)3. disadvantage n.不利条件；劣势to ones advantage be at a disadvantage 处于不利境地put sb. at a disadvantage 置某人于不利境地When you visit a country, it is a disadvantage if you cant speak its language.I was at a disadvantage compared to the younger members of the team. His poor English put him at a disadvantage in the debate. 思维拓展 advantage n. 有利条件；有利因素；优势，优点 take advantage of 利用；占便宜I would like to take advantage of this chance to express my thanks for your help. 4. fare n. 票价 bus / train / air fare Children under 4 travel half-fare.5. ever since 从那以后（就一直），常与完成时态连用。ever since可以单独使用，在句中用作时间状语，也可以连接时间状语从句。He has been in Yunnan ever since he moved there several years ago. = He moved to Yunnan several years ago and has been there ever since. （注意主句时态的使用）6. persuade vt. 说服；劝说persuade sb. to do sth. = persuade sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事persuade sb. not to do sth. = persuade sb. out of doing sth. 劝阻某人做某事persuade sb. that-clause / persuade sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事Who persuaded you to join this society? At last I persuaded my brother to take my advice.【完成句子】：Your father doesnt smoke any more, but how did you_(说服他戒掉吸烟的)? (persuade)7. schedule n. (1)工作计划；日程安排a tight schedule 排得很紧的工作安排according to schedule按照时间表，照预订时间；按预订计划(或进度)a train schedule (= a train timetable Am. E) 列车时刻表Filming began on schedule (=at the planned time). 拍摄如期开始。The new bridge has been finished two years ahead of schedule. 新桥提前两年落成。The subway project has already fallen behind schedule. 地铁工程已经晚了工期。(2) vt. usu. passive b 为安排时间；预定The meeting is scheduled for Friday afternoon. Ill return from the business trip a week earlier than scheduled. 8. fond adj. 喜爱的；慈爱的；宠爱的a fond look / hug / farewell 慈爱的目光 / 温情的拥抱 / 深情的告别be fond of sb. / (doing) sth. 喜欢某人 /（做）某事be fond of music / cooking / going to parties 9. shortcoming n. usu. pl.缺点；缺陷She made me realize my own shortcomings. overcome / get over ones shortcomings 克服缺点In spite of his shortcomings, I like him. 10. stubborn adj. (1) 固执的；顽固的；倔强的(2) 难以去除或对付的He was too stubborn to admit that he was wrong. 他死不认错。He is as stubborn as a mule. a stubborn cough 久治不愈的咳嗽 a stubborn stain 顽渍Facts are stubborn things. 事实是不可否认的。11. care about (1) 忧虑；在意(2)关心；关怀She cares deeply about environmental problem. I dont care about his opinion. I really care about the students in my class. She always cares about losing her job.12. determine vt. to decide or arrange sth.决定;确定;下定决心determine to do sth.= determine on doing sth. 决定做某事be determined to do sth. 决定做某事（系表结构表示状态）Have you determined on spending / to spend your holiday in London?Did he determine on an early start? determined adj. having a firm decision to do sth. 坚决的；有决心的Im determined to succeed. 我决心要获得成功。a determined effort 坚决的努力 a determined look 坚毅的表情13. change ones mind 改变主意make up your mind 作出决定；下定决心keep / bear sth. in mindkeep / bear in mind that 将记在心里bring / callto mind 想起；记起come to mind 突然记起have sb. / sth. in mind 心中有适当的人选（或想做的事）have a mind of your own 有主见to my mind 依我看；以我之见one and half hours by bus. 这趟旅行乘公共汽车要花一个半小时。14. give in 屈服；认输；投降; 把呈上、交上来The enemy were forced to give in. 敌人不得不投降。As neither side would give in, the talk broke down. He has nothing to do but to give in to his wife. You must give in your examination papers now. 15. pace gather pace 加快速度study at ones own pace 按自己的节奏学习relaxed pace of life 悠闲的生活节奏keep pace with sb. / sth. 与并驾齐驱；与步调一致16. bend弯曲，弯腰，弯身；使弯曲bend forward to pick sth. up 俯身捡起bend over the desk writing sth. 伏案写The road bent sharply to the right. 路向右急转弯。bend the truth 歪曲事实17. attitude n. the way that you think and feel about sb. / sth. 态度；看法have a good / bad / positive / negative attitude to / towards sb. / sth. 对某人或某事持好的/坏的/肯定的/否定的态度18. as usualI am not sure whether she will arrive on time as usual.19. reliable adj. that can be trusted 可信赖的；可依靠的a reliable friend / supplier / supporter可信赖的朋友；可靠的供应商/支持者My car is not as reliable as it used to be. 我的车不像过去那么可靠了。Our information comes from a reliable source. 我们的消息来源可靠。20. view n. 看法；见解The view from the top of the tower is wonderful. 从塔顶远眺景色颇为壮观。If we stand at this window, we can get a good view.be in view 看得见come into view 进入视野；映入眼帘disappear from view 从视野中消失；看不见了have different / opposing views 有不同的/相反的观点point of view 观点in my view 依我看in view of鉴于；考虑到view sb. / sth. as把某人、某物视为How do you view the present situation? 21. at midnightat dawn _ at noon_ at dusk _ at night _22. flame n. 火焰The flames were growing higher and higher.be in flames 燃烧中；失火burst into flames 突然烧起来go up in flames 毁于大火add fuel to the flame 火上浇油23. beneath prep. 在下方beneath a pile of leaves 一堆树叶的下面【完成句子】：1. _ (像往常一样), Mr. Blacks class was full of laughter and applause. (as)2. I like football, while my brother _(喜欢游泳). (fond)3. He has been in good health _(自从手术后). (since)4. Now more and more people _(宁愿上网) for the latest news rather than read newspapers. (surf)5. I plan to be an engineer after_(大学毕业). (graduate)6. With more things to do, I _(要在这儿待到) until the weekend. (stay 注：请使用动词现在进行时态)7. He always insists that he_(做所有的事情) himself. (do)8. Michael _(将要去旅行) alone down the Mekong River next month. (journey 注：请使用动词现在进行时态)9. When _(你将前往) London? Next Tuesday. (leave 注：请使用动词现在进行时态)10. After a whole days work, she was so tired that she _ (几乎站不起来了). (hardly)11. I really dislike the way_ (他对待他父母).(treat)12. Not until he lost much money_(意识到)that he should have put it into a bank the day before.(realize)13. His father insists that_(他学习法律)instead of medicine.(study)14. I cant imagine_(生活会是什么样子)without the Internet.(like)15. _ (决心绝不会来)before he could make a big fortune, Mike left home without saying a word.(determine)16. The problem is really_(难处理).(deal)17. She still remember Beijing University, _ (她毕业)five years ago.(which, graduate)18. She_ (刚要离开，突然)the phone rang.(leave)19. If we study with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty,_.(无论多大)(matter, great)20. After such a long and tiring journey, she was so tired that she_(迫不及待)get home.(hardly, wait) Unit 4 Earthquakes1. right away immediately and without any delay 立刻 马上Ill find the address for you right away.2. burst v. (burst, burst) (1) 突然闯入，强行进入；爆炸 You are going to burst the balloon if you are not careful. burst into song 大声唱起来burst into _= burst out _ 突然哭/笑起来、burst into flames 突然起火(2)冲、闯，突然出现 burst through/into/in .【完成句子】：Dont _ without knocking! The door burst open and in came a robber. _ laughter /thunder /applause一阵笑声/雷声/掌声3. as if/though: 好像，仿佛(1) 引导方式状语从句He closed his eyes as though he were too tired. She treated me as if I _ (be). 她对我很冷淡，形同陌路人。She acted as though nothing had happened. 注 如果as if 引导的从句是“主语系动词”结构，可省略主语和系动词，这样as if 后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词（短语）、介词短语或分词。如： He acts as if (he was) a fool. 他做事像个傻子。 Tom raised his hands as if (he was going) to say something. = Tome raised his hands as if he would say something. 汤姆举起手好像要说什么。 She left the room hurriedly as if (she was) angry. The soldier fell off his horse as if (he was) shot by a bullet. 【完成句子】：He looked about as though _ (search).他四下张望，好像寻找什么。He paused as if _ (expect).他停了下来好像期望Tom说些什么。引导表语从句It looks as if its going to rain. 看样子天要下雨了。注as though和as if引导从句用虚拟语气，还是用陈述语气，完全根据具体情况而定。如果从句表示的意思与事实完全相反，或者纯粹是一种假设，通常用虚拟语气。When a chopstick is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken. 【完成句子】：I remember the whole thing as if / though _ (happen)(虚拟)。我记得整个事情，就好像它是发生在昨天一样。He talks / talked about Rome as if he_ (be)(虚拟)。他说起罗马来好像他以前去过罗马似的。You look as if you are friends. 你们看起来像朋友似的。4.at an end: finish, dead 结束 ，终结,完结（常用作表语）The war was finally at an end at last. His career seemed at an end. at the end (of) 在的结尾、尽头come to an end结束，终止，终了，告终，完结bring sth. to an end = put an end to sth.完成，结束，终止(某事)in the end最后，最终，终于，到末了；结果on end 竖着，直立着；连续(不断)地，连接地without end无穷无尽地；永久地；无休止地5. ruin n. （建筑物的）废墟（常用复数）; 破产；垮台；身败名裂the ruins of a bombed-out office building 被炸毁的办公楼的废墟lead to ones ruin 葬送自己 (be/lie) in ruins 破败不堪；严重受损go to ruin / fall into ruin （因缺乏照料而）走向衰落、败落bring to ruin使毁灭 come to ruin 毁灭；落空The castle now lies in ruins. 城堡现在已成了一片废墟了。vt.（完全地）毁坏，毁掉The rain ruined our holiday. 【完成句子】：The whole supermarket _. 整个超级市场被一场大火烧掉。You are ruining the child! 你把孩子宠坏了!6. suffering n.（肉体或精神上的）痛苦；困难经历（常用复数）the suffering of innocent people during a war 无辜人民在战争期间遭受的痛苦7. extreme (1) adj.（仅用于名词前）极大的；极度的extreme poverty / south / end / limit 赤贫 / 最南端 / 尽头 / 极限extreme example / case 极端的例子 / 情况(2) n.极端go to extremes / go from one extreme to the other 走极端extremely adv. to a very great degree 极其地 8. injure vt. 受伤；伤害【完成句子】：One of the players _ and had to be carried off. 一个队员膝盖受伤被抬至场外。injure ones pride / feelings / reputation 伤害某人的自尊心 / 感情 / 名声拓: injured adj. 受伤的 be badly / seriously injured 严重受伤He _, but shocked. 他没有受伤只是受到惊吓。the injured 伤者（作主语时，常表示复数概念）injury n. （身体的）伤害；损害; 受伤处9. destroy vt. 毁灭，摧毁（无法修复）The school was completely destroyed by fire. 【完成句子】：Their traditional way of life _. 他们传统的生活方式已经被破坏了。 destruction n. 毁灭；摧毁 destructive adj. 毁灭性的 destroyer 破坏者, 消灭者, 驱逐舰队10. track n. keep track of . 掌握的线索；了解的动态；记录、记载lose track of 失去的线索；失去联系；不能跟上的发展be on the track of 追踪；追寻track and field 田径运动get off the track 偏离正题；跑题【完成句子】：Her mother used to _ _every penny she spent.她母亲从前把自己所花的每一分钱都记下来。11. trap 使陷入困境traptrappedtrappedTwenty miners are trapped underground.be trapped in 陷入之中;被困在中【完成句子】：She _ the burning house.她被困在那所燃烧的房子里。n. 陷阱；困境a mouse caught in a trap 被夹子夹住的老鼠12. dig out:（用铲子或手）把挖出来We have to dig the car out of a snow drift. 13. bury vt. (1)埋葬(2)把埋住、隐藏起来bury ones face / head in ones hands 用手捂住脸 / 手bury oneself in ones work / studies 埋头工作 / 学习思维拓展be buried in (doing) sth.be buried in thought 出神深思bury oneself in study 埋头研究14. shelter n.庇护；掩蔽take shelter 找避身处、掩蔽物give sb. shelter 庇护某人a shelter for the homeless 无家可归者的收容所We tried to _ from the rain. 我们设法搭起一个遮雨的地方。(2) a place to live 栖身之处，住处They are in need of food, clothing and shelter. 15. a (great) number of . 许多；大量的（后接可数名词的复数形式）作主语时谓语动词用复数形式；a lot of = lots of / plenty of ; the number of .的数目+可数名词复数(作主语时谓语动词用单数形式)【完成句子】：_ people in China are crazy about English.现在的中国，大量的人对英语很狂热。A great number of people were present at the meeting.16. damage n.（对某人或某物造成的）损害; vtdo / cause serious / minor damage to 对造成严重 / 轻微损害【完成句子】：The flood _the crops. 洪水毁坏了大量农作物。emotional damage 感情创伤Smoking can damage your health. 抽烟会损害你的健康。完成句子1. The man _(住在房子里) is a friend of mine. (live 注：使用定语从句)2. It is useless _(吓唬他的小弟弟) by telling him a scary story. (frighten)3. He drives too fast, _(这是很危险的). (dangerous 注：使用定语从句)4. This is the best dictionary _(我曾用过的). (use)5. The earthquake sounded _(好像是一列火车在行驶) under the ground. (as if)6. These firefighters _(从大火中救出一个记者) and sent him to hospital at once. (rescue)7. _(大量的) factories have sprung up in the countryside in recent years. (number)8. The news arrived that Michael Jackson died on June 25, 2009, _(这使我们很震惊) very much. (shock 注：使用定语从句)9. A bus rolled over down the valley with the total 30 passengers, 10 _(受到重伤). (injure)10. That college student saved a little girl from drowning the river, _(她的父母表示了感谢) to him. (express 注：使用定语从句)11. Hearing the funny story, all the children _(都大笑起来了).（laughter）12. _（从他的外表来看），I think he must be a teacher. (judge)13. My English is too poor to _(表达清楚)in English. (express)14. Your speech was heard by the judges, _ (他们都)agreed that it was the best one this year. (whom)15. We should try our best to help _ (灾区人民). （hit）16. _(他们两个并不都在) telling lies.(both)17. It seemed as if the world was _(末日到了).（end）18. The whole city _（成为一片废墟）after the earthquake. (lie)19. That so many people died in the earthquake was _（大为震惊）to the world. (shock)20. He _(埋头读书) books and paid no attention to outside world. (bury)定语从句 (The Attributive Clause)一、基本概念 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。如： Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now? That is the house where he lived ten years ago. 定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的一个成分。 引导定语从句的关系代词有：that, who, whom, whose, which; 关系副词有：when, where, why. 二、 关系词的用法 （一）关系代词的用法： 1. 作主语用who, which和that, 如： He is the man who/that lives next door. The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen. 2. 作宾语用whom, who, which, that, 如： The man (whom/who/that) we have just seen is a famous writer. Where is the book (which/that) I bought last week? 3. 作定语用whose, 如： (a) He is the man whose car was stolen last week. (b) It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time. 注：“whose +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语（如上a句），又能作宾语（如上b句）。whose 的先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与of which 结构互换，词序是：“名词+of which”，如： They came to a house whose back wall had broken down. (= the back wall of which) Hes written a book the name of which Ive completely forgotten. (= whose name) 4. 作表语只用that，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但时常省略。如： He is no longer the man that he used to be. This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be. 5. 关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时，介词常可以提前，但介词提前时， 关系代词只能用which 或 whom。The man is a famous runner. / You talked to him just now.The man to whom you talk just now is a famous runner.The chair is made of wood. / He is sitting on it now. The chair on which he is sitting now is made of wood.He is a library assistant. / I borrowed some books from him.He is a library assistant from whom I borrowed some books.It is a famous school. / He graduated from it 3 years ago. It is a famous school from which he graduated 3 years ago.The service should be improved. / The students complain a lot about it. The service about which the students complain a lot should be improved.有一些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配，不可以拆开，一般还是放在动语之后，不提前。He is the student. / The teachers are looking for him. He is the student who the teachers are looking for.The number of the children is 30. / She takes care of the children. The number of the children who she takes care of is 30.（二）关系副词的用法： 1. when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有：time, day, morning, night, week, year 等。如： I still remember the time when I first became a college student. Do you know the date when Lincoln was born? 2. where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有：place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country等，如： This is the hotel where they are staying. I forget the house where the Smiths lived. 3. why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason。如： That is the reason why he is leaving so soon. 注：why时常也可以省略。如： That is the real reason he did it. (三) 使用关系副词应注意下列几点： 1. 这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构： when = on (in, at, during) + which where = in (at, on) + which why = for which 如： I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived. The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it. 2. 当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较： (1) Ill never forget the day when my hometown was liberated. Ill never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer. (2) His father works in a factory where radio parts are made. His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts. 3. when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，而why 只能引导限制性定语从句。 三、 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1. 限制性定语从句说明先行词的情况，对先行词起限定作用，与先行词关系十分密切，不可用逗号隔开，也不可省略，否则全句意义就不完整。如： This is the telegram which he refers to. Is there anything (that) I can do for you? 2. 非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作补充说明，没有限定作用，它与先行词的关系比较松散，因而不是关键性的，如果省略，原句的意义仍然完整。这种从句在朗读时要有停顿，在文字中通常用逗号与主句隔开。如： This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago. As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric. 引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有：who, whom, whose, which, when 和 where，不可以用that和why。 3. 两种定语从句的内涵不同，限制性定语从句具有涉他性，而非限制性定语从句具有唯一性，这在理解和翻译时应特别注意。试比较： His brother, who is eighteen years old, is