外研版高中英语必修4学案：难句剖析拓展 Module2　TrafficJam Word版含解析.doc

难句剖析拓展simply raise your hand,and a taxi appears in no time.只要挥一下手，出租车就会立刻来到。【剖析】 1）这是一个“祈使句+and+简单句”的句型，可以转化为：if you raise your hand simply,a taxi will appear in no time.2）simply 是副词作状语，修饰raise your hand。and 作为连词，连接前后两个句子构成并列句。【拓展】 1）in no time 立刻，马上2）appear 是不及物动词，不能使用被动语态，其反义词是disappear。3)辨析 raise和rise：raise “提高”是及物动词，指身体的手势或活动；rise“上升”是不及物动词，指某物体在水中或空气中垂直向上运动。you should check the cab has a business permit,and make sure you ask for a receipt.你一定要看一下该出租车有无营业执照，并且一定要记住向司机要收据。【剖析】 1）check 后面接的是一个宾语从句，省略了引导词that。2)make sure 后面接了一个宾语从句，省略了引导词that。make sure 后面要接从句；make sure of 后面接介词短语。【拓展】 1）区分ask for与ask：ask for索要，要求得到某物；ask 问，询问。2）注意check与make sure后接从句，连接词用that而不用whether。its a good idea to avoid public transport during the rush hour(6:30 am8:00 am and 5:00 pm-6:30 pm).避开上下班的高峰期（上午6：30到8：00，下午5：00到6：30）是个好主意。【剖析】 1）本句是以it作形式主语的句子，真正的主语是不定式to avoid public transport during the rush hour。2）it 作形式主语的句型：it+be+n./adj. .+that 从句/to do3)avoid 后面接名词词组public transport 作宾语。【拓展】 avoid 后面除了可以接名词外，还可以接动词的-ing 形式,不能接to do。there are 20 000 buses and trolleybuses in beijing,but they can get very crowded.北京有2万辆公交车和电车，不过有时会很拥挤。【剖析】 there be结构表示“存在，有”；get crowded中crowded是形容词，get可用become或be代替。but连接两个简单句，表达转折关系。【拓展】 “get+过去分词”可构成被动意义，相当于“be+过去分词”，表示达到、处于某种状态或情况。you should talk to the driver,and make sure you know the price before you begin the journey,for example,if it is per person,single or return.你应该同司机谈话，以确定在你开始旅行之前，你知道价格，例如，是不是一个人的，是单程的，还是往返的。【剖析】 这是一个主从复合句，you should talk to the driver,and make sure you know the price是主句,before you begin the journey,for example,if it is per person,single or return是时间状语从句。【拓展】 1）for example用来举例说明某一论点或情况,一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”为例,作插入语,可位于句首、句中或句末。例如:ball games,for example,have spread around the world.例如,球类运动已经在世界各地传播开了。such as用来列举事物时,一般列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。插在被列举的事物与前面的名词之间,as后面不可有逗号。例如:some of the rubbish,such as food,paper and iron,rots away over a long period of time.有些废物,如剩饭、废纸和废铁,时间一久就烂掉了。注意:使用这个短语时,后面列举的事物的数量不能等于它前面所提到的总和,一旦相等就要用that is或namely。如不可以说:i have three good friends,such as john,jack and tom.应该说:i have three good friends,that is,john,jack and tom.我有三个好朋友,即约翰、杰克和汤姆。2）if用作“是否”，引导一个名词性从句；用作“如果”，引导一个条件状语从句。the situation in central london,where drivers spent fifty percent of their time in queues,became so bad that the local government decided to do something about it.在伦敦中心，司机要花费50%的时间排队，这种情形变的如此糟糕，以至于当地政府决定要采取措施。【剖析】 这是一个主从复合句，the situation in central london became so bad,是主句,where drivers spent fifty percent of their time in queues,是一个非限制性定语从句,that the local government decided to do something about it是一个结果状语从句。【拓展】 so.that结构中的so为副词，后面跟形容词或副词；such.that中的such为形容词，后面接名词(名词前可以有形容词或副词修饰)。例如：he became so angry that he couldnt speak.他变得很生气，以致说不出话来。it is such fine weather that id like to go out for a trip.天气这么好，我想出去旅游。as the cars come into the centre,video cameras record their registration numbers,and these are checked with a list of drivers who have paid the charge for that day.当汽车进入市中心的时候，录像机摄下他们的注册号码，这些号码要与当天缴费的司机名字进行核对。【剖析】 这是一个由and连接的并列复合句，第一个并列分句是as the cars come into the centre,video cameras record their registration numbers;第二个并列分句是these are checked with a list of drivers who have paid the charge for that day，这两个并列分句同时都是复合句，as the cars come into the centre,是时间状语从句，who have paid the charge for that day是一个定语从句。whats more,central london shops did not lose business even though there were fewer cars.此外，即使没有几辆车，伦敦中心的商店也不会丢去顾客。【剖析】 这是一个主从复合句，central london shops did not lose business是主句,even though there were fewer cars 是让步状语从句，whats more,是插入语。【拓展】 1）whats more 此外。 i missed the bus and had to walk home.whats more,it was raining and i got all wet.我赶不上巴士，不得不走回家，而且那时正在下雨，我全身都湿透了。2）even if/though 即使;虽然he will come on time even though it rains.即使下雨,他还是会准时来的