外研版高中英语选修7专题课件：Module4新颖课件（共27张）语法.ppt

状语从句 状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词 形容词或副词 按意义可分为时间 地点 原因 目的 结果 条件 方式 比较 让步等状语从句 从句的位置放在句首 也可放在句末 放在句首时 从句后面常用一个逗号 放在句末时 从句前一般不用逗号 1 when as while 从属连词 when即可引导持续性动作 又可引导短暂性动作 它可以表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生 或从句的动作发生在主句动作之前 如 wheniwasaboy iusedtogototheseashoreonsundays 同时 whenthelessonwasover webeganourwriting 从句动作在前 1 时间状语从句 引导时间状语从句的从属连词有 when while as whenever before after since till until assoonas once themoment immediately nosooner than hardly when bythetime everytime lasttime 等引导 as引导持续性动作 侧重主句和从句的动作同时发生 hehurriedhome lookingbehindashewent isawyoursisterasshewasgettingonthebusyesterday hesangashewalked while 指的是 在某一时间里 在 期间 从句里的动作必须是持续性的 它也强调主句和从句动作的同时发生 往往侧重主句和从句动作的对比 如 whilehewasinlondon hestudiedmusic whilewewerewatchingtv hewaswritingacomposition 当when as while表示 在 一段时间里 主从句的动作同时发生时 可以换用 如 while when或as wewerediscussing mr smithcamein when可表示 如果 如 don tbeafraidofaskingforhelp itisneeded 03全国 a unlessb sincec althoughd when while可表示 虽然 尽管 如 1 modelingbusinessisbynomeanseasytogetinto thegoodmodelwillalwaysbeindemand 04浙江 a whileb sincec asd if 2 iacceptthatheisnotperfect idoactuallyliketheperson 04江苏 a whileb sincec befored unless when和while 并列连词 while表示对照的意思 when表示 这时 突然 idoeverysinglebitofhousework myhusbandbobjustdoesthedishesnowandthen 04广西 a sinceb whilec whend as2 hewasabouttotellmethesecret someonepattedhimontheshoulder 02上海 a asb untilc whiled when 3 wewereswimminginthelake suddenlythestormstarted 04北京春招 a whenb whilec untild before4 jasminewasholidayingwithherfamilyinawildlifepark shewasbittenonthelegbyalion 04上海 a whenb whilec sinced before 2 till和until 如果主句谓语动词是持续动词 通常用肯定式的主句 表示 直到 为止 如 iworkedtill until hecameback 1 agoodstorytellermustbeabletoholdhislisteners curiosity hereachestheendofthestory 03上海 a whenb unlessc afterd until2 weweretoldthatweshouldfollowthemainroad wereachedthecentralrailwaystation 04辽宁 a wheneverb untilc whiled wherever 如果主句谓语动词是瞬间动词 则用否定式的主句表示 直到 才 如 ididn tgotobeduntil till hecameback 放在句首表示强调时一般用until 如 untilhereturns nothingcanbedone 3 washisfatherverystrictwithhimwhenhewasatschool yes hehadneverpraisedhim hebecameoneofthetopstudentsinhisgrade 03春招 a afterb unlessc untild when 4 notuntilallthefishdiedintheriver howseriousthepollutionwas nmet95 didthevillagersrealizeb thevillagersrealizedc thevillagersdidrealized didn tthevillagersrealize 如果before引导的从句位于主句之后 有时不能译成 在 之前 而要译成 就 才 等 如 thestrugglelastedfouryearsbeforethenorthwonintheend healmostknockedmedownbeforehesawme 1 someonecalledmeupinthemiddleofthenight buttheyhungup icouldanswerthephone 00全国 a asb sincec untild before2 hemadeamistake butthenhecorrectedthesituation itgotworse 03北京 a untilb whenc befored as 3 before 在 之前 beforeicamedownstairsihadpreparedmyselfverycarefullyforwhatimustsay 3 scientistssayitmaybefiveorsixyears itispossibletotestthismedicineonhumanpatients 04福建 a sinceb afterc befored when4 itwasevening wereachedthelittletownofwinchester 04天津 a thatb untilc sinced before 4 bythetime eachtime everytime immediately themoment theinstant theminute soonafter shortlyafter都可以作为连词 引导时间状语 如 bythetimehewasfourteen hehadtaughthimselfadvancedmathematics eachtimehecame hewouldcallonme youmustshowhiminimmediatelyhecomes irecognizedhimthemomentisawhim 注意 时间状语从句中谓语动词不能用任何一种将来时 只能用现在时和过去时表示将来时 didyouremembertogivemarythemoneyyouowedher yes igaveittoher isawher 01全国春招 a whileb themomentc suddenlyd once 2 地点状语从句 通常由连词where和wherever引导 如 gobackwhereyoucamefrom whereveryougo youmustwritetoyourparents wherethereisawill thereisaway wherethereistoomuch thepoisonandwastemaydogreatharmtothethingsaroundus 1 thefamousscientistgrewup hewasbornandin1930hecametoshanghai 02上海春招 a whenb wheneverc whered wherever2 shefoundhercalculator shelostit 00上海 a whereb whenc inwhichd that 3 原因状语从句 通常由连词 because as since nowthat引导 注意 在强调句中强调原因状语从句 只能用because引导 不可用as或since 如 itwasbecausehewasillthathedidn tgowithus because可以引导表语从句 而as since不可以 这时状语一般都是it this that it sbecauseheistoolazy for也表示 因为 但是并列连词 它连接的不是状语从句 语气比较强 itmustbemorning forthebirdsaresinging 1 parentsshouldtakeseriouslytheirchildren srequestsforsunglasses eyeprotectionisnecessaryinsunnyweather 04上海 a becauseb thoughc unlessd if2 thechangesinthecitywillcostquitealot theywillsaveusmoneyinthelongrun 00全国春招 a orb sincec ford but 4 目的状语从句 通常由that sothat inorderthat so that lest incase 以防 免得 等引导 hegotupearlyinorderthathecouldcatchtheearlybus shemarriedhimsothatshemighttendandcomforthim iexplainedagainandagainincaseheshouldmisunderstandme 注意 目的状语从句中谓语动词常含有may might can could should will等情态动词 lest 以免 免得 forfearthatihidthebooklest forfearthat heshouldseeit 1 johnshuteverybodyoutofthekitchen hecouldpreparehisgrandsurprisefortheparty 02全国 a whichb whenc sothatd asif2 rosesneedspecialcare theycanlivethroughwinter 04全国 a becauseb sothatc evenfd as3 sallyworkedlateintheeveningtofinishherreport herbosscouldreaditfirstnextmorning 03北京春招 a sothatb becausec befored orelse 5 结果状语从句 itwasverycold sothattheriverfroze thebookissowrittenthatitgivesaquitewrongideaofthefacts thereweresomanypeople suchalotofpeople intheroomthatwecouldnotgetin hemadesuchanexcellentspeechthateveryoneadmiredhim 由that sothat so that such that引导 6 条件状语从句 由if unless so aslongas 只要 so asfaras incase that 如果 万一 等引导 ifplasticsandrubberareburned theygiveoffpoisonousgases youcangoout aslongas solongas youpromisetobebackbeforeeleven incaseiforget pleaseremindmeaboutthat 注意 条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态不可用将来时 只能用现在时态或过去时态表示将来时 asfarasicantell thewholethingshouldcostabout 500 unlessyouworkhard youwillfail 1 johnmayphonetonight idon twanttogoout hephones 00全国 a aslongasb inorderthatc incased sothat2 thewtocannotliveuptoitsname itdoesnotincludeacountrythatishometoonefifthofmankind 00全国 a aslongasb whilec ifd eventhough3 themenwillhavetowaitallday thedoctorworksfaster 01全国春招 a ifb unlessc whetherd that4 youcancallmetosayyou renotcoming i llseeyouatthetheatre 04吉林 a thoughb whetherc untild unless5 youwillsucceedintheend yougiveuphalfway 01上海春招 a evenifb asthoughc aslongasd unless 6 iknowthemoneyissafe ishallnotworryaboutit 03北京 a eventhoughb unlessc aslongasd while7 howfarapartdotheylive iknow theyliveinthesameneighborhood 03上海 a aslongasb asfarasc aswellasd asoftenas8 icansee thereisonlyonepossiblewaytokeepawayfromthedanger 04北京春招 a aslongasb asfarasc justasd evenif 7 方式状语从句 theteachertoldthestudentstodoashedid leaveitasitis heheardanoise asifsomeonewasbreathing isawthemanlookingabouthimasifhewishedtoimpressuponhismindeverything asif和asthough意义和用法大致一样 引导的从句多用虚拟语气 但也可用陈述语气 hetreatsmeasifiwerehisownson hewalkedasifheweredrunk 由连词 as asif asthough引导 8 比较状语从句 由连词as as notso as as than等引导 ihopeitwasasgoodastheoneyoulentme actuallytheoceanfloorarealmostasirregularastheexposedlandarea noonecanbemorefitforhisofficethanheis hecan trunsofastasshe 注意 the 比较级 接从句 the 比较级 接主句 这一句型也归在比较状语从句内 如 themoreyoustudy themoreyouknow theharderwework thehappierwefeel asfarasiamconcerned educationisaboutlearningandthemoreyoulearn 02上海 a themoreforlifeareyouequippedb themoreequippedforlifeyouarec themorelifeyouareequippedford youareequippedthemoreforlife 9 让步状语从句 由though although as 虽然尽管 evenif eventhough wh ever nomatter wh whether引导 1 thoughheisold yetheisactive 2 althoughmostofthepeopleagreed somewerenotwillingtoaccepted 3 proudasthenoblesare heisafraidtoseeme wewouldn tloseheartevenifweshouldfailtentimes 4 whenever nomatterwhen youcallonme youarealwayswelcome 5 wherever nomatterwhere youwork youcanalwaysfindtimetostudy 6 taketheoneyoulikebest whichever nomatterwhich itis 7 nomatterwhatisayorhowisayit healwaysthinksi mwrong 8 whetherhecomesornot we lldiscusstheproblemthisafternoon 注意 1 让步状语从句在句中的位置可放前也可放后 有时还可以插在主句中间 前置时 强调主句内容 后置时强调从句内容 2 though与although同义 用法基本一样 前者通俗 口语化 后者较正式 多放于句首 不能与but连用 但可以与yet still等连用 用来加强语气 though although hewastired yet still hewentonworking 3 as however引导让步状语从句时从句部分语序要部分倒装 如 youngasheis hecanreadandwriteinseveralforeignlanguage 表语提前 youshouldreportanyincident howeverserousorminoritis 表语提前 childashewas hehadtosupportthefamily