状语从句用法总结.doc

状语从句Step 1: 回顾名词性从句的用法；Step 2: 名词性从句的巩固：条件状语从句经典语句：If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go to the zoo. If you open the door，i will come in.条件状语从句就是用以表示“在某种条件下,会”，常用if等词来引导，连接词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, 等。.主句用一般将来时，if或unless引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时。固定搭配：unless = if.not.e.g. Lets go out for a walk unless you are too tired.If you are not too tired, lets go out for a walk.so/as long as只要 So long as youre happy, it doesnt matter what you do.只要你高兴，你做什么都没有关系。You may borrow my book as long as you keep it clean.只要你保持书的清洁，你就可以把我的书借去。Take your umbrella in case it rains.带着你的伞吧，以防下雨。Unless: 除非结果状语从句结果状语从句常由so that 或 suchthat引导，掌握这两个句型，首先要了解so 和 such与其后的词的搭配规律。 比较： so和 such such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。 so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配。 so foolish such a fool so nice a flower such a nice flower so many / few flowers such nice flowers so much / little money. such rapid progress so many people / such a lot of people（a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such搭配。） 用法结果状语从句的从句部分是补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的结果的，通常位于主句之后。1. 1. so that也可以引导结果状语从句，译为“以便.”。It was very cold, so that the river froze.天气寒冷， 河水都结冰了。I came to the class early so that I could see the classmate beside me.我赶早来上课， 以便早点看到我旁边的同学。(so that引导目的状语从句)2. so. that.和such. that.均可引导结果状语从句，译为“如此以致”， 其中的such 是形容词， 修饰名词； so 是副词， 修饰形容词或副词， 具体的搭配形式是： (1)“soadj./adv.that”， “soadj.(a/an)n.that”； (2)“such(a/an)(adj.)n.that”。例如：The boy is so young that he cant go to school. He is such a young boy that he cant go to school.让步状语从句一般翻译为“尽管即使”就是我们日常生活中用的“退一步说”的感觉。引导让步状语从句的连词主要有以下这些：though, although, as; even if, even though; whether.or.; no matter+疑问词，疑问词-ever。（1）though, although表示“虽然，纵然”之意。这两个连词意思大致相同，在一般情况下可以互换使用。在口语中，though较常使用，although比though正式，二者都可与yet, still或nevertheless连用，但不能与but连用。例如：不能说：Though he looks weak, but he is healthy.而要说：Though he looks weak, he is healthy.或者说：He looks weak, but he is healthy.Although/Though he was worn out, (still) he kept on working. 虽然他已经精疲力竭了，但仍然继续工作。Although/Though he is very old, (yet) he is quite strong. 他虽然年纪大了，身体还很健壮。值得注意的是，although引导的让步状语从句位于主句之前的情况较多，though引导的让步状语从句可位于主句之前或主句之后。例如：She passed the examination though she had not studied very hard. 她虽然不用功学习，考试却及格了。目的状语从句目的状语从句：从句部分是用以补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的目的的。表示目的状语的从句可以由that（以便），so that（以便）， in order that（为了；以便）等词引导；目的状语从句的谓语常含有may, might, can, could, should, would等情态动词。例如：You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.Say it louder(so)that everyone can hear you. 大声说，以便大家都能听到你。学习目的状语从句应注意目的状语从句中常含有can, could, may, might, should等情态动词。I got up early so that I could catch the first bus.我起得很早，目的是为了赶上头班公共汽车。时间状语从句时间状语从句由以下连词引导：When， while，after，before，as soon as，since，till /until。 在时间状语从句中，要注意时态一致。一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。1.when当.的时候Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.(当)莫扎特4岁的时候，开始写音乐作品。2.while当.时，While引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）。并且while有时还可以表示对比。例如： While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延续性的动词，was reading和was watching同时发生) I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球。（对比）He visited a lot of places while he was traveling.他在旅途中参观了许多地方。3.as在.的同时；一边.一边.He smiled as he stood up.他一边站起来一边笑着。4.after在.之后He left the classroom after he had finished his homework the other day.前几天做完作业之后回的家。5.before 在.之前Mr. Brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here.布朗先生来这之前已经在一家银行里工作一年了。6.as soon as 一.就.We began to work as soon as we got there.我们一到那就开始工作。I will write to you as soon as I get home.我一到家就给你写信。7.since 自以来 到现在表示自过去的一个起点时间到目前(说话时间)为止的一段持续时间。主句一般用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。Mr Green has taught in that school since he came to China three years ago.自格林先生来中国以来，他就在这所学校教书。(还可以用作介词，本句从句还可以用短语：since three years ago(自三年前以来)表示。)8 till /untilThey walked till /until it was dark.他们一直走到天黑。Xiao Ming didnt leave home till / until his father came back.小明直到他爸爸回来才离开家。一、引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要的有because, as, since, for，seeing (that), now (that), considering (that)，in that等：The woolly shrank because it was washed badly. 毛衣因洗得不得法而缩水。I cant get to sleep because of the noise outside. 由于外面声音嘈杂我睡不着。Since As weve no money, we cant buy it. 由于我们没钱，我们无法购买它。Seeing that its raining, wed better stay indoors. 既然外边在下雨，我们最好待在室内。Now that you are here, youd better stay. 你既然来了，最好还是留下吧(既来之，则安之)。 【注】除以上提到的大家比较熟悉的引导原因状语从句的从属连词外，when有时也可引导原因状语从句(when表示“既然”)I wont tell you when you wont listen. 既然你不想听，我就不告诉你了。二、because习惯上不与so连用汉语习惯上说“因为所以”，但英语习惯上却不能将 so与because 连用：因为下雨，所以我们呆在家里。正：Because it was raining, we stayed at home. / It was raining, so we stayed at home.误：Because it was raining, so we stayed at home. 三、because 从句与 because of短语的转换Because引导的原因状语从句有时可与because of 短语转换：He cant come because he is ill. / He cant come because of his illness. 他因病不能来。I said nothing about it because his wife was there. / I said nothing about it because of his wifes being there. 因为他妻子在那儿，我对此事只字未提。四、比较because、 since、 as、 for 的区别1. because引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之后， because表示直接原因， 语气最强， 最适合回答 why引导的疑问句。例如： I do it because I like it. 我做这件事是因为我喜欢。注意： “not . because”结构中的not否定的是because引导的整个从句， 例如： The country is not strong because it is large. 国强不在大。2. since引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之前表示已知的、 显然的理由(通常被翻译成“既然”)， 较为正式， 语气比because弱。例如：Since you are free today, you had better help me with my mathematics.既然今天你休息， 你最好帮我补习数学。3. as 引导原因状语从句时表示附带说明的“双方已知的原因”， 语气比since弱， 较为正式， 位置较为灵活(常放于主句之前)。例如： As it is raining, youd better take a taxi. 既然在下雨， 你最好乘出租汽车。As you are tired, you had better rest. 既然累了， 你最好休息一下。I went to bed early, as I was exhausted. 我睡得早， 因为我筋疲力尽了。4. for引导的原因状语从句并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因， 只提供一些辅助性的补充说明， for引导的原因状语从句只能放于主句之后并且必须用逗号将其与主句隔开。例如：He could not have seen me, for I was not there. 他不可能见过我， 因为我不在那里。Step3:补充强化训练题1. It was five oclock in the afternoon _ they climbed up to the top of the mountain.A. since B. when C. that D. until2. Do think _ reading.A. while B. when C. as D. for3. _ the window, my hand was cut unexpectedly.A. Cleaning B. To clean C. While cleaning D. While I was cleaning4. How is it that you are late for class again? _.A. By bus and them on foot B. Because I missed the busC. Its quite all right D. Its far from school 5.Ill let you know _ he comes back.A. before B. because C. as soon as D. although6. She will sing a song _ she is asked.A. if B. unless C. for D. since7. Read it aloud _ the class can hear you.A. so that B. if C. when D. although8. It is about ten years _ I met you last.A. since B. for C. when D. as9. _ still half drunk, he made his way home.A. When B. Because C. Though D. As10. I learned a little Russian _ I was at middle school.A. though B. although C. as if D. when11. _ we got to the station, the train had left already.A. If B. Unless C. Since D. When12. _ the rain stops, we ll set off for the station.A. Before B. Unless C. As soon as D. Though13. She was _ tired _ she could not move an inch.A. so, that B. such, that C. very, that D. so, as14. Ill stay here _ everyone else comes back.A. even if B. as though C. because D. until15. Although its raining, _ are still working in the field.A. they B. but they C. and they D. so they16. Speak to him slowly _ he may understand you better.A. since B. so that C. for D. because17. My father got up _he wouldnt be late for meeting. A. such early that B. early enough C. early so that D. early in order to 18. Mary often wears high heels _ she may look taller.A. so that B. in order C. in order to D. so as to 19. He runs as fast as possible _ he _ the first bus. A. so that, could catch B. in order that, could miss C. in case, misses D. so, would 20. It was _ we went fishing in the open air yesterday. A. such a nice weather that B. such nice weather that C. so nice weather that D. a nice weather so that 21. This question was _ difficult _ nobody in our class could answer it. A. as, as B. such,