牛津英语8Bunit1重点知识归纳(经典).doc

8B Unit 1一.精选词汇重点短语 1. the changes to Sunshine Town阳光镇的变化the changes to 的变化 (p8)知识链接change n.变化，常用复数changes。 e.g. Great changes have taken place since 1995.2. in the southern part of town in the southern part of在的南部south southern知识链接east东部eastern东部的, west western, north northern3. in the past在过去at present现在in the future未来；将来，注意这些短语中的介词和冠词。4. turn the place into a park turninto把变成知识链接Heat turns water into vapor.热使水变成蒸气。Turn this sentence into English.5. play cards and Chinese chess打牌、下象棋，e.g. Its pleasant to play cards and Chinese chess.6. water pollution水污染air pollution空气污染，noise pollution噪音污染 (p9)知识链接Water pollution was a problem before. 7. used to dump its waste into water used to do sth过去常做某事，注意否定式、疑问式的形式知识链接used to do sth 否定式used not to do sth或didnt use to do sth疑问式Did sb use to do sth?或Used sb to do sth? There be和used to合用的形式为There used to be。根据要求进行句型转换：She used to teach history. 否定式：She used teach history.或She didnt teach history. 疑问式： she teach history?或Did she teach history?用法拓展be used to do sthbe used for doing sth被用于做某事，e.g. Stamps are used to send letters.Stamps are used for sending letters. be/become/get used to sth习惯于某事，be/become/get used to doing sth习惯于做某事，e.g. My grandma used to live in the city but now she has got used to the country life. Tom is used to getting up early.8. in some ways在某种程度上；在某些方面in this way以这种方式9. feel a bit lonely from time to time from time to timeat timessometimes有时；不时地知识链接a bit形容词原级或比较级a little形容词原级或比较级，有点 a bit of不可数名词a little不可数名词 e.g. a bit of watera little water用法拓展not a littlevery非常，not a bitnotat all一点也不10. throw away扔掉“动词副词”结构，e.g. throw it/them away11. have an interview with sbinterview sb采访某人；对某人面试；与某人面谈 (p12)知识链接My parents have had an interview with my teacher. They interviewed 20 people for the job. There are a number of interviews with some famous football players.12. the best model I have ever seen 我曾见过的最好的模型 (p17)知识链接the形容词最高级名词单数sb have/has ever done，某人曾做过的最的 the most wonderful film (that) he has ever watched他看过的最精彩的比赛用法拓展ever通常用于疑问句中或否定句中。e.g. Have/Has sb ever done sth? Nobody ever stepped in this cavern.没人曾经踏进过这洞穴。 ever since自从起到现在(用于现在完成时)，for everforever永远；永久地13. move into the new flatsmove into搬进，move out of搬出 (p18)14. lend me a booklend sb sthlend sth to sb把某物借给某人，是“借出”。知识链接borrow sth from sb向某人借某物，是“借入”。15. a recent photo一张近期照片，write about the changes to Moonlight Town (p21)16. a tourist attraction旅游胜地attraction n. 吸引；向往的地方attract vt.吸引attractive有吸引力的It has become a new tourist attraction. Hepburns beauty and charm attracted Colettes attention. 词汇解析1. 常见的交通工具：bike/bicycle, bus, double-decker双层巴士, coach长途汽车, tram有轨电车, taxi, train, underground, light rail轻轨, plane, hot-air balloon热气球, aero done滑翔机2. Using a dictionary: The words in a dictionary are in alphabetical order from “A” to “Z”. This helps us find the words we want quickly. If two words starts with the same letter, we look at the second letter to decide the alphabetical order. If the first two letters of two words are the same, we look at the third letter, and so on. e.g. The word “ball” comes before the word “banana”.3. centuryone hundred years世纪；百年。某世纪用序数词。如：21世纪the twenty-first century。“在某世纪”用介词in，如：in the 20th century在20世纪。二. 重点句型1. Eddie, have you seen my food? Yes, Ive just eaten it. (p6)2. Youve changed, Eddie. You were kind. Now youre not. I dont want to play with you any more.3. Youve changed too. You always wanted to play with me. always过去式used to do sth4. Coaches have been in use/service in Beijing since 1958. have been in usehave been used 5. I moved here with my family when I was two years old and have lived here since then. (p8)6. Have you ever moved house? move house搬家7. We lived till 1965, when I got married. get married结婚get/be married to sb与某人结婚知识链接marry sb与某人结婚，e.g. She married a football player. marry sb to sb把某人嫁给某人，e.g. He married his daughter to an actor. get/be married to sb和某人结婚，e.g. Yao Ming got married to Ye Li on 6 August, 2007. 表示“已经结婚”用have/has got married，表示“已经结婚多久”用have/has been married for时间段或since时间点。e.g. They have got married. They have been married for 5 years.不能说成They have got married for 5 years.用法拓展marriage n.婚姻e.g. They will celebrate their fifty years of marriage next month.8. Has Sunshine Town changed a lot over the years? change a lot变化大知识链接over the yearsin the last/past years这些年来，这是现在完成时的一个标志。9. There once was a shoe factory. There once was/wereOnce there was/were从前有。10. Later, the government realized it was a very serious problem and took action to reduce the pollution. take action to do sth采取行动做某事，reduce the pollution减少污染 (p9)知识链接action (拍摄影视时用语)开始 动作，e.g. action film动作片，action star动作明星a very serious problem非常严重的问题problem(需要着手解决的)问题；难题，question(需要回答的)问题 e.g. solve a Maths problem, answer my question11. It is different for him to see some of them as often as before. (p12)知识链接It isadj.for sb to do sth. as often as before像以前一样经常asas12. Things have changed a lot over the years.Great changes have taken place over the years. 13. When I was in primary school, my mother took me to school. take sb to school送某人上学14. I have the same feeling too. Do you sometimes stay after school to chat with friends? (p19)15. The changes to Moonlight Town have brought advantages, but they have also caused many problems for people. (p22)知识链接bring advantages to 给带来好处，advantage优点；有利条件disvantage缺点；不利条件 cause problems for给带来麻烦三 语法语法：现在完成时现在完成时：表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响和结果。它经常与never, just, before, yet, already, ever。连用其中already用在陈述句中。在疑问句或否定句中常用yet代替already.I have already done my homework.Has Jim called yet?表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在，可能还将延续下去，经常与for, since 引导的时间状语连用，此时动词必须具有延续性。The old man has died for two years.（错） The old man has been dead for two years. （对）常见的瞬间性动词转换成延续性动词如下表格： 非延续性动词与一段时间连用时的表达方法buyhaveborrowkeepclosebe closedopenbe opencome to, go tobe in (on, at)joinbe a member of;be a member;be in, be withmove tolive indiebe deadleavebe away (from)wakebe awakestart, beginbe onendbe overfall asleep, get to sleepbe asleepget upbe upturn on sth., turn off sth.sth. be on, sth. be offreturn, come back, get back, go backbe backget back (取回)have backreach, arrive in (at), get tobe in (on, at)get to knowknowget, turn, become (变得，成为)作系动词behear from, get ( receive) a letter fromhave a letter from现在完成时的构成：have (has)v (过去分词) have (has) 为助动词 陈述句 一般疑问句 否定句I have read Have you read I havent readHe has read Has he read He hasnt read疑难题导析He has never _ a pen before.A. lose B. to lose C. lost D. losing解析 答案为C。本题主要考查现在完成时态对谓语动词的要求。现在完成时态谓语动词的结构是have (has)过去分词。本题空白处需要填过去分词，这样，A、B、D都不对。误：My aunt has arrived in Hefei for two weeks.正：My aunt has been in Hefei for two weeks.正：My aunt arrived in Hefei two weeks ago.解析：本题主要考查谓语动词与时间状语的搭配关系，终止性动词一般不能和表示长度的时间状语连用，遇此情形，要么改变谓语动词，要么改变时间状语和时态。误：The twins have not got home already.正：The twins have not got home yet.解析：本题主要考查yet与already的用法区别，两个词都是副词，常与完成时态连用。yet 用于否定句和疑问句，通常置于句尾；already 常用于肯定句，当用于疑问句时，表示惊讶或希望得到肯定的答复，不用于否定句中，它可以在主要动词之前，也可置于句末。Jim has been at the factory_ two years ago.A. for B. since C. before D. after解析：答案为B。本题主要考查时间状语与谓语的关系。for后跟时间段表示一段时间，since 后跟时间的起点，表示一段时间，before 表示在什么时间之前，after则表示在什么时间之后。本句是完成时态，指自两年前以来如何，且两年前是个时间的（起）点，因此，此处应用since.误：I saw the film twice already.正：Ive seen the film twice already.解析：本题主要是一般过去时态与现在完成时态的概念错误。这电影我已看过两遍，说明我现在对电影内容很了解，故要用现在完成时态。_you _ your watch?-No, _.A. Did, find out, I didnt B. Have, found, not yetC. Have, looked for, I havent D. Did, find, not yet答案选“B”。全句应用现在完成时，强调到现在为止的情况“是否找到了手表”，答语；Not yet 相当于说 I havent found it yet.I have never seen the film _.A. ago B. just now C. before D. later答案选“C”。 动词时态为现在完成时，与之搭配的词必须是ever, never, already, yet, before, recently 等词。而 ago, just now 等只能用于一般过去时的句子中，用later意思不通。Aunt Li _ her hometown for a long time.A. has left B. left C. has gone to D. has been away from答案选“D”。与for a long time搭配的动词应该表示延续性， go, leave是短暂动词，故不能选。【典型例题】一. 在下列句子中选用already ever just never yet before 填空.1. I know a little about England because I have _been there.2. Have you _seen this kind of flower? No, never.3. Im full. Thank you very much. Ive _had my lunch.4. Have you lost your bike_?5.You have already finished your work, but I havent_.答案：1. already/just 2. ever 3. just/already 4. yet 5. yet二. 用 have has been to 与have (has) gone to 填空:1. Wheres Jim? He _ England.2. _you ever _America? No, never.3. They _never _ the Great Wall.4. Mr Green isnt here. He _Nanjing for a meeting.5. Where_ you _? I _ just _ the library.6. A: Where are Kate and Ann?B: They _ China.A: _ they ever _ there before?B: No, never.答案：1. has gone to 2. Have, been to 3. have, been to 4.has gone to5. have been; have, been to 6. have gone to; Have, been三. 仿照例句, 进行句型转换:例：He came here two days ago.He has been here since two days ago.They left Nanjing in 1990.I came to China three years ago.My brother joined the army last year.My father joined the Party in 1960.Mr Green began to teach in China in 1993.They started to live in Beijing in 1999.His father bought a car the year before last.The meeting began half an hour ago.答案：They have been away from Nanjing since 1990.I have been to China since three years ago.My brother has been in the army since last year.My father has been in the Party since 1960.Mr Green has taught in China since 1993.They have lived in Beijing since 1999.His father has had a car since the year before last.The meeting has been on since half an hour ago.四. 将下列句子改成否定句和一般疑问句并作回答.1. I have seen a film recently.2. He has forgotten the little of the text.3. They have visited Hong Kong before.4. You have been to the USA a few times.5. Mike has called to tell you that.答案：1. I have not seen a film recently. Have you seen a film rec