倒装句语法完全解.doc

大学英语四级 CET4 语法讲义之 倒装句一.概念: 英语句子通常有两种语序:一种主语在前,谓语在后,称为自然语序,另一种谓语在前,主语在后,称为倒装语序。二.相关知识点精讲 按“主语+ 谓语” 这种顺序排列的句子是陈述语序。如果排列顺序变为“谓语（ 或谓语一部分）+主语”，就是倒装。倒装句分为：完全倒装： 整个谓语移至主语前面叫完全倒装。部分倒装： 只把助动词、系动词或情态动词放在主语之前叫部分倒装。1. 当以there, here, out , in , up , down, away 等副词开头的句子 ，为了起到强调的作用，可构成倒装句，只把副词放在句首，主语和谓语位置调换，不加助动词。Our teacher came in.In came our teacher.(05.06阅读)Among the report are more outrageous(令人无法容忍的)findings - a German fertilizer described itself as earthworm-friendly, a brand of flour said it was non- polluting, and a British toilet paper claimed to be environmentally friendlier.该报道当中，有很多让人无法忍受的发现，如：一种德国肥料被描绘成“对蚯蚓无害”;一种新的品牌的面粉写道“没有任何污染”;还有一家英国公司的卫生纸被宣称为“环保者”。(07.06阅读)Then one day a few years ago, out of my mouth came a sentence that would eventually benete me reply to any and all provocations: I dont talk about that anymore.几年前的一天，我说了一句话并最终成为我对任何和全部挑衅的回答：关于那个问题我再也不讨论了。这种倒装要求： 主语必须是名词。主语是人称代词时，主语和谓语语序不变。Here it is.Away he went.这类倒装句式一般只用一般现在时和一般过去时。Here comes the bus.Out rushed the boys.2. how, then, just, often 表示时间的副词放在句首 ，可构成倒装句，只把副词放在句首，主语和谓语位置调换，不加助动词。Then came 8 years of the Anti Japanese War.3. 表地点状语的介词短语放在句首 ，要用倒装句式，以示强调。这种倒装句也是主谓直接调换位置，不加助动词did, does或do.Under a big tree _, half asleep.A. did sat a fat man B. a fat man satC. did a fat man sat D. sat a fat man4. there放在句首时要用倒装句式。在 “there + be” 结构中的谓语动词有时不用be , 而用表示类似“存在”观念的其他不及物动词。如：live, stand, come, lie, flow, enter, rise 和appear等。There came shouts for help from the river.There lies a large wheat field in front of the house.Many years ago there lived an old man in the wooden house.In front of the tower flew a stream.5. done做形容词在句中做表语时 ，常把表语放在句首，要用倒装句式。Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people had to use foreign oil.表语 S(03.01阅读)Deeply involved with this new technology is a breed of modern business people who have a growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad.与新技术息息相关的是一些现代商人，他们日益看重国外生意的经济价值。6.一般情况下开始出现了地点状语或者是分词引导的一个状语结构，中间出现了谓语动词，后面出现一个主语，主语后面接上一些限定(包括从句、补充说明等)，这种形式就是出现的全部倒装的形式。(06.12阅读)Reaching new peaks of popularity in North America is Iceberg 表语 系 主语Water, which is harvested from icebergs off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada.萃取自加拿大纽芬兰沿岸冰山的“冰水”在北美的受欢迎程度一再创出新高。部分倒装1. so + 动词+主语 neither/ nor + 动词+主语表示两人的同样一个情况时，只能表示一件事，即上、下句所使用的动词、时态要一致。否则要用so it is withe.g.: You can ride a bike. So can I .He has been to Beijing. So have I .The first one isnt good, neither is the second.His uncle is a worker and has been working in the factory for more than ten years. So it is with his aunt.2. so+ 形容词/副词that 的结构状语从句可以用正常语序表示 ，也可以把so+形容词/副词放于句首构成倒装。句型如下： so +形容词/副词+be/助动词/情态动词that +从句。 Light travels so fast that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.= So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.So easy was the work that they finished it in a few days.3. 否定副词never, hardly, seldom, rarely, not, until，scarcely, in no case(不管怎样也不)，in no way(不管怎么也不)，by no means(决不)，on no account(不论什么原因也不)，at no time(无论什么时候也不)等否定词放在句首时，句子要倒装。We seldom get up at four in the morning.= Seldom do we get up at four in the morning.Not a single word from him could the enemy drag.Rarely have I heard of such a silly thing.By no means shall we cease to protect our environment.4. hardlywhen; scarcelywhen; Hardly had + 主语+ done when did no soonerthan 过去完成时 一般过去可以用正常语序 had hardly done when did The bell hardly had rung when the class began.= Hardly had the bell rung when the class began. 助 S P(谓语) 正常语序No sooner had he arrived in Beijing than he began to work. 5. not only but also 如连接两个成分时不用倒装；连接句子时前面的句子要用倒装。Hes not only an honest man but also a kind man. 短语 短语Not only was everything that he had taken away from him, but also his 系动词 主语 German citizenship.Not only is he busy, but also I have a lot of work to do.Not only does he speak English very well, but also he speaks French well.(0606阅读)Not only has the highway system affected the American economy by providing shipping routs, it has led to the growth of spin-off industries like service stations, motels, restaurants, and shopping centers/malls. 公路系统不但为美国经济的发展提供了运输路线，还带动了一批诸如加油站、汽车旅馆、酒店、购物中心等相关行业的发展。(0706阅读)Not only do we evaluate the cause of the pain, which can help us treat the pain better, but we also help provide netprehensive therapy for deprssion and other psychological and social issues related to chronic pain.我们不仅要找出疼痛的病因，帮助我们更好地治疗;还要提供综合疗法，治疗与慢性疼痛相关的抑郁症和其他心理与社交问题。6. only 及所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时要用： only+ 状语+ be /助动词/情态动词+主语及其他Only when he told me the news did I know what had happened. （时间）状语从句Only in this way can you make progress in your English. 介词短语7. 从属连词as和though也可以用于让步状语从句中。形容词形容词化的分词名词 （开头）, 主句动词原形 （必须位于从句之后）It was very late. Exhausted though she was, there was no hope of her being able to fall asleep.1) Small as a bicycle is, it can bring a lot of convenience to our lives.2) Foolish though he looks, he always seems to make the wisest proposals. (他看起来样子傻傻的，可似乎总是能提出最聪明的建议。)3) Try as you may, you will never succeed. (你尽管可以试，但决不会成功)。8. 虚拟语气中的倒装句 (0906阅读)Had I not attended this workshop, I would have automatically assumed the man was the best candidate because the position required quite a bit of extensive travel.如果我不是参加了这次讲习班，我肯定会不由自主地认为那位男士候选人更合适，因为我们这个空缺的岗位需要频繁出差。If I were you, I would take the job. = Were I you, I would take the job.1._ and caught the mouse.A. Up the cat jumped B. The cat up jumpedC. Up jumped the cat D. Jumped up the cat2._ and the lesson began.A. In came Mr Brown B. Mr Brown in cameC. In came he D. came in Mr Brown3. Over _, dead.A. rolling the goat B. rolled the goatC. did the goat roll D. the goat rolled4.Where is my shirt, mum? _.A. There is it B. There it isC. There is D. Here is it5. Where is your father? Oh, _.A. here he comes B. he here comesC. here does he come D. here comes he6. The door opened and there _.A. enters an old manB. entered an old manC. did an old man enterD. an old man entered7. Now _ your turn to recite the text. A. will come B. comes C. has come D. there is8. Often _ them not to smoke here.A. we advised B. advised meC. did we advise D. had we advised9. _ playing soldiers.A. Inside the room were two boysB. Inside the room two boysC. Were two boys inside the roomD. Inside the room was two boys10. On the wall _ two large portraits.A. are hanging B. hanged C. hang D. hangs 11. _ who was wounded in the stomach.A. Among them were a soldier B. Among them was a soldierC. Among them a soldier was D. Among they was a soldier12. Next door to ours _ , who is no less than eighty.A. that lives an old man B. does an old man liveC. lives an old man D. where lives an old man13. She plays the piano very well, _.A. so every one of us does B. every one of us doesC. so does every one of us D. so do every one of us14. You say he works hard, _, and _.A. so he does; so you do B. so he does; so do youC. so does he; so do you D. so does he; so you do15. I thought you women were present at the meeting. _.A. So we were B. So we did C. So were we D. So did we16. I dont think Jack will come today, _. A. nor will Mary B. and Mary doesnt C. Mary will either D. or Mary does17. She is fond of cooking, _I.A. so am B. nor am C. neither do D. nor do18. Marx was born in Germany and German was his native language .A. So it was with Engles B. So was it with EnglesC. So was Engles D. So did Engles19. A fish needs water and without water it will die._.A. So does a man B. So will a manC. So it is with a man D. So is it with a man20. So absorbed _ the work that she often forgot to _ her meals.A. had she been in; do B. she was in; makeC. was she in; take D. she had been in ; have21. So loudly _ that every one of the class could hear him.A. did he speak B. did he spoke C. spoke he D. he spoke22. _ his appearance that no one could recognize him.A. Strange so was B. So strange wasC. Was so strange D. So was strange23. Not once _ their plan.A. did they change B. they changedC. changed they D. they did change24. Never _ such a wond