高中英语必修2人教新课标Unit 4 Wildlife protection知识点总结.doc

高中英语必修2（人教新课标）Unit 4 Wildlife protection知识点总结一、重点词汇 词义辨析：die out/die of/die from/ die away/ die down/die off die out灭绝、灭亡die of死于（通常指疾病、衰老等内因）die from死于（通常指交通事故等外因）die away（声音、风、光线等）渐息，渐弱die down（慢慢）熄灭，平静下来die off相继死去 How did the dinosaur die out? 恐龙怎样灭绝的？ Her grandfather died of cancer. 他祖父死于癌症。 Many villagers die every year from snake bites. 每年都有许多村民死因被蛇咬而死亡。 The sound of the car died away in the distance. 汽车的响声消失在远处。 The rain remained steady though the wind had died down. 尽管风势已经减弱，雨还是下个不停。 The deer in the forest are all dying off from disease. 森林中的鹿一只接一只地病死了。 decrease vi.&vt.减少；（使）变小；或变少 1. decrease to ：减少至 2. decrease by：减少了 By 1881, the population of Ireland had decreased to 5.2 million. 到1881年，爱尔兰的人口减少到520万。 Student numbers have decreased by 500. 学生人数减少了500名。拓展： 1. reduce to/reduce by： 减少到/减少了 2. increase to /increase by： 增加到/增加了 certain adj. 确定的；一定的；某一 1. be certain of/ about sth.：对有把握（=be sure of/about sth.） 2. be certain to do sth.：一定会做 3. a certain amount of：一定量的 4. to a certain extent：一定程度上 5. It is certain that：肯定，一定会.（不能说It is sure that） She is a confident woman who is certain of her views. 她是一位充满自信的女性，对自己的观点深信不疑。 We are certain to have a good time at the party tonight. 我们今晚肯定会在聚会上玩得很开心。 I received a certain amount of sympathy immediately after the attack. 遇袭之后，人们立即对我表示了些许同情。 To a certain extent, I am responsible for the delay. 在一定程度上，我对拖延负有责任。 It is certain that something is wrong with the machine. 机器肯定出了毛病。 threaten to do sth.：威胁做某事 He said the enemies had threatened to destroy the town. 他说敌军曾威胁要摧毁那座小镇。 mercy n. 怜悯，同情 1. have/take mercy on sb.：怜悯某人，同情某人 2. at the mercy of sb./sth： 在某人/某物支配下 She begged the president to have mercy on her husband. 她恳求总统宽恕她的丈夫。 The poor cat is at the mercy of the naughty boy. 可怜的小猫任由调皮的小孩儿摆布。 hunt for sth.：猎取某物，寻找某物 Bats sleep in the daytime and come out to hunt for food at night. 蝙蝠白天睡觉，而夜间出来觅食。 in peace：和平地；和睦地；安详地 The old man spent the rest of his life in peace. 那个老人安静地度过了他的晚年。拓展： in peace with：和.和平相处 in danger (of)：在危险中；有的危险 Many wildlife and animals are in danger of dying out. 很多野生动植物正在面临灭绝的危险。 respond to sth.：对做出回应 How did the editor respond to our suggestion? 编辑对我们的建议反应如何? in relief：如释重负；松了口气 After his son returned safe and sound, he breathed out in relief. 儿子平安回来后，他如释重负地呼了口气。 burst into laughter ：突然笑起来；大声笑了出来 Upon hearing the funny story, everybody burst into laughter. 听了这个滑稽的故事，大家都哈哈大笑。拓展： 1.burst into sth.：突然 2. burst out doing sth.：突然 On hearing the sad news, she burst into tears/burst into crying. 一听到这不幸的消息，她突然哭了起来。 protectfrom/against ：保护不受（危害） Trees should be well protected from the cold during winter. 冬天要保护好树木以防冻坏。拓展：类似结构的表达方式还有： 1. preventfrom：防止发生 2. stopfrom：防止，阻止发生 3. keepfrom：防止发生 pay attention to：注意（to为介词，后接名词、动名词等） The teacher told the student to pay attention to his spelling. 老师提醒那个学生要注意拼法。拓展：to用作介词的短语还有： 1. look forward to：期待，期望 2. be/become used to: 习惯于 3. be addicted to: 沉溺于 4. devote oneself to/be devoted to: 献身于 5. be exposed to: 暴露于，遭受 6. contribute to: 有助于，对做贡献 7. be/get accustomed to: 习惯于 8. be opposed to: 反对 succeed in sth./doing sth. ：成功做某事 I am sure that a hard-working person can always succeed in the work which he wants to do. 我确信一个勤奋的人总是能够把他所要做的工作做成功。 do harm to sth.：对有害（= be harmful to） One should never intend to do harm to others, but should always guard against the harm others might do to him. 害人之心不可有，防人之心不可无。 come into短语 1. come into being：形成；产生 2. come into effect/force：实施，生效 3. come into power：掌权 4. come into use：使用起来 When did the first railway come into being in China? 中国第一条铁路是何时建成的? 一词多义：appreciate vt.鉴赏；感激（后面不可以跟人） The happiest are not those who own all the best things, but those who can appreciate the beauty of life. 最幸福的人们并不一定什么都是最好，只是他们懂得欣赏生活的美好。 Peter stood by me when I most needed it. Ill always appreciate that. 当我最需要的时候，彼得在我身边支持我。我将永存感激。拓展： 常用句型：I will/would appreciate it if . ：如果，我将不胜感激。 I will appreciate it if you can give me some advice about TOEFL test. 如果您能在托福考试方面给我一些指点，我会很感激的。 阅读必备词汇 affect vt.影响；（疾病等）侵袭；（情感受到）波动 protection n.保护 endanger vt.危害；使受到危险 reserve vt. 预定，储备n.保护区 species n.种类；物种（单复数相同） distant adj.远的；远处的 contain vt.包含；容纳；容忍 powerful adj.强大的；有力的 inspect vt.检查；视察 income n. 收入 importance n. 重要性 rub vt.摩擦 incident n.事故 bite n.&vt.一口，咬 employ vt.雇佣 unexpected adj.预料之外的 disappearance n.消失 fierce adj.猛烈的 faithfully adv.真诚地 extinction n. 灭绝 secure adj.安全的；可靠的 according to 按照；根据所说二、重点句型 Please take me to a distant land where I can find the animal that gave fur to makethissweater. 解析：本句的主干是“Please take me to a distant land”；where 引导的是一个定语从句，修饰前面的land；that 引导的也是一个定语从句，用来修饰前面的animal。翻译：请带我去一个遥远的地方，在那我能找到为我这件毛衣提供毛皮的动物。拓展：定语从句是中学阶段非常重要的知识点，如何选择关系词是其中的难点，其实方法很简单： 1. 确定好被修饰的词； 2. 分析定语从句的成分，如果从句缺主、宾、表，就选用关系代词；如果不缺这几个成分就用关系副词。 You should pay more attention to the rainforest where I live and appreciate how theanimals live together. 解析：本句主干是“You should pay more attention to the rainforest”；“where I live and appreciate how” 是一个定语从句，修饰前面的rainforest；“how the animals live together” 是appreciate 的宾语从句。翻译：你应该多注意我所生活的热带雨林，在这你可以了解动物是如何生活在一起的。 They lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago, long before humans came into beingand their future seemed secure at that time. 解析：本句的主干是“They lived on the earth”；“tens of millions of years ago”表示时间；“long before humanscame into being and their future seemed secure at that time”也是一个表示时间的从句。翻译：它们早在千万年前就住在地球上，比人类诞生早很长时间，而且它们的未来似乎很安全。 When scientists inspected the bones, they were surprised to find that these dinosaurscould not only run like the others but also climb trees. 解析：本句主干是“they were surprised to find that”；when引导的是一个时间状语从句；that 引导的是一个宾语从句，该从句中包含一个常见结构“not onlybut also”。翻译：当科学家们检查完骨头，他们惊讶地发现，这些恐龙不仅像其他动物一样可以奔跑还可以爬树。拓展：not onlybut also是常见考点，需要注意以下两点： 1. 主语由该结构连接时，谓语动词与离其最近的名词或代词保持一致，即“就近原则”； 2. not only位于句首时，后面部分需要倒装，但是but后面正常，即“前倒后不倒”。 Some scientists think it came after an unexpected incident when a huge rock from spacehit the earth and put too much dust into the air. 解析：本句主干是“Some scientists think”；“it came after an unexpe