格式基本要求.doc

外语学院本科生申请学士学位论文格式的基本要求 2008年外语学院本科生申请学士学位论文格式的基本要求申请我院学士学位的所有学生和学员都应按照下列格式要求提交学士学位论文（包括中文和英文两种格式，其中英文分别使用MLA和APA两种格式）。一、 项目 学位论文应依次包括以下内容：1. 封面（学校统一封面）2. 独创性声明（学院统一格式）3. 致谢（Acknowledgements）4. 摘要及关键词（英文和中文）5. 目录（Contents）6. 正文 7. ）参考文献（References） 8. 附录（Appendix）(如有)有脚注的，脚注内容置于有关页的下方。有多项附录（Appendixes）的，各附录均另起一页。二、 封面页 按照学校要求，具体参考附件1。三、 独创性声明 按照范例，中英文各1页，需要签名，参考附件2。四、 致谢页 以Acknowledgements为标题，居中，字体为Times New Roman 四号，粗体。标题与正文之间空一行（小四号）。正文字体为Times New Roman小四号，1.5倍行距。每段齐头，段与段间空一行。参见附件3。五、 摘要及关键词 中英文摘要在同一页，英文摘要及关键词在上，中文在下。具体参见附件4。英文以Abstract为标题，居中，字体为Times New Roman 四号，粗体。摘要长度为150-200词，字体为Times New Roman小四号，正体，1.5倍行距。（注意：“摘要”不要写成“介绍”）摘要后一行为关键词。用分号隔开每一个关键词。英文关键词与中文摘要之间空2行。中文以摘要为标题，居中，字体为宋体四号，粗体。关键词部分以关键词为标题。正文字体为宋体，其他格式与英文摘要相同。六、 目录页页面以Contents为标题，居中，字体为Times New Roman 四号，粗体。标题与内容之间空一行（小四号）。目录内容为小四号字，1.5倍行距，两端对齐。关于页码的制作可以通过表格实现。MLA格式的目录和APA格式的目录略有差异，详细情况参见附录5和附录6。七、 正文中的标题 正文中所有的标题，单独占一行，字体为Times New Roman 1. 2. 3.级四号字，其他标题小四号粗体。所有标题均左对齐。正文部分的所有标题及其序号必须与目录中的标题及其序号相一致。所有标题前需要空1行。八、 正文格式 正文中出现的所有文字字体为Times New Roman 小四号，行距为1.5倍。具体页面设计参见附件10。九、 页码：从Introduction到论文结束，用阿拉伯字母1, 2, 3 标出页码。页码位置均为页面下端，居中对齐。十、 图表 1. 图形 在图形上方居中写Figure X（小四号，粗体），用阿拉伯数字按顺序编号，后接图标的标题，图标标题首字母大写。如：The general communication process is carried out within a single culture and language. See Figure 3.Figure 3 The General Communication Process (Biguenet and Schult 1992: 12)SenderEncodingChannelDecodingReceiverSignalNoiseMessageSignalMessageNoise2. 表格 Table X（小四号，粗体）如：Table 1 Magazines Listed as First ChoiceName of MagazineNo.%Life18725.4Sports magazines8912.1Look618.3Mechanical magazines405.4Science magazines283.8No choice indicated33145.0十一、 文中注 分别参考MLA和APA格式，详细参见附件7和附件8十二、 参考文献 位于文章最后，单独成页。英文参考书目分别参考MLA和APA格式，详细参见附件7和附件8。中文参考书目参见附录9。十三、 附录（Appendix/es） 视具体情况添加，每个附录独立成1页。附件1：论文封面学科分类号（二级）740.5011本科学生毕业论文（设计）题目英文题目 中文题目 姓名XXX 学号900 院、系外语学院 英语系/旅游外语 系专业英语（师范 A/非师范 A）指导教师XXX 职称（学历）副教授（硕士）2011年05月10日附件2：独创性声明独创性声明本人声明所呈交的学位论文是我个人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。尽我所知，除文中已经标明引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。对本文的研究做出贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律结果由本人承担。学位论文作者签名：年 月 日学位论文版权使用授权书本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，即：学校有权保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版，允许论文被查阅和借阅。本人授权云南师范大学可以将本学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编本学位论文。学位论文作者签名： 指导教师签名：年 月 日 年 月 日STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIPExcept where reference is made in the text of the thesis, this thesis contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or part from a thesis presented by me for another degree or diploma.No other persons work has been used without due acknowledgement in the main text of the thesis.This thesis has not been submitted for the award of any other degree or diploma in my tertiary institution.SignedDated附件3：感谢信范例AcknowledgementsMy thanks go to all the teachers who have taught me and helped me during the four years of my study in Yunnan Normal University. I am deeply grateful to Professor He Changyi, my advisor, for his patient guidance, generous assistance, invaluable advice and continual encouragement, all of which have been of inestimable worth to the completion of my thesis.附件4：摘要及关键词AbstractThe thesis is about the teaching of English spelling rules in high schools. The thesis states spelling rules from its origin, importance and approaches to learn and to teach. English spelling rules blend a kind of study methods with study skills, which mainly help students to memorize words quickly and correctly. Besides, the thesis analyzes the cause of students poor spelling rules understanding in high schools. The thesis advocates that teachers in high schools should pay more attention to spelling rules, especially approaches to teaching. The final purpose of the teaching of English spelling rules is to help students master spelling rules, to develop students ability to learn on their own and then to get into the habit of lifelong learning.Key Words: English spelling rules; words memorizing; lifelong learning; study skills; a systematic way摘 要本篇论文主要写的是中学拼读规则教学。文章从拼读规则的由来写起，涉及它的重要性、学习方法以及教学方法。英语拼读规则是一种学习方法和学习技巧的融合，它能帮助学生快速、准确的记住单词。此外，文章还分析了中学生未能学好拼读规则的原因。文章主张中学教师应该重视拼读规则，特别是拼读规则的教学方法。拼读规则教学的最终目的是让学生掌握拼读规则，培养学生自学的能力，以便于养成终身学习的习惯。关键词: 英语拼读规则；单词记忆；终身学习； 融合；学习技巧；系统方法附件5：目录MLA范例Contents1. Introduction12. A Survey of the Study of Contrastive Transition32.1 The Issue of Cohesion and Coherence32.1.1 The Theory of Cohesion32.1.2 Cohesion and Coherence Cohesion Coherence 72.2 Transition and Contrastive Transition 86. Conclusion 15References16Appendix17MLA格式的各级标题实词都需要大写附件6：目录APA范例Contents1. Introduction12. A survey of the study of contrastive transition32.1 The issue of cohesion and coherence32.1.1 The theory of cohesion32.1.2 Cohesion and coherence Cohesion Coherence 72.2 Transition and contrastive transition 86. Conclusion 15References16Appendix 1: Questionnaire17Appendix 2: 18APA格式的各级标题只有第一个字母大写，其余按照书写习惯书写附件7：MLA格式范例1文中注：句末需要有括号表明引用信息，句点打在括号后面l 同一个著者，只有一部参考书 （作者姓和页码之间只有空格，没有标点符号）l 1. 明确指出著者姓名Stuart Hall says, “Identity is formed at the unstable point where the unspeakable stories of subjectivity meet the narratives of history, of a culture” (135).l 2. 没有指出著者姓名Some scholars believe that “identity is formed at the unstable point where the unspeakable stories of subjectivity meet the narratives of history, of a culture” (Hall 135).l 同一个著者，有两部及两部以上参考书 （简单书名斜体，书名和页码之间标点符号）l 1. 明确指出著者姓名Joseph Gibaldi points out, “Nearly all research builds on previous research. Researchers commonly begin a project by studying past work in the area and deriving relevant information and ideas from their predecessors” (Handbook 114).l 2. 没有指出著者姓名What is plagiarism? Simply speaking, “Using another persons ideas or expressions in your writing without acknowledging the source constitutes plagiarism” (Gibaldi, Manual 151).l 许多个作品：用分号隔开不同的作品.as has been discussed elsewhere (Burke 3; Dewey 21). l 匿名作者：给出作品名称，书用斜体，文章用引号An anonymous Wordsworth critic once argued that his poems were too emotional (Wordsworth Is a Loser 100). l 姓相同的作者：给出名的首字母，加点Although some medical ethicists claim that cloning will lead to designer children (R. Miller 12), others note that the advantages for medical research outweigh this consideration (A. Miller 46). l 间接引用：作者姓前加上qtd. inRavitch argues that high schools are pressured to act as social service centers, and they dont do that well (qtd. in Weisman 259). l 圣经引用：需要给出具体的“书”名，并且按照节数来标出Ezekiel saw what seemed to be four living creatures, each with faces of a man, a lion, an ox, and an eagle (New Jerusalem Bible, Ezek. 1.5-10).l 经典著作引用：先加页码，之后用分号隔开补充说明的部分，用缩写代表不同的章节volume (vol.), book (bk.), part (pt.), chapter (ch.), section (sec.), paragraph (par.) Marx and Engels described human history as marked by class struggles (79; ch. 1). l 长段落的引用：3行以上的引用，或者诗歌引用都需要单独另起一行，左缩进5个字符。如果该段落还没有结束，引用后再另外起一段，顶格；若段落结束，引用后重起一段，首行缩进。引用后段落还没有结束：Beijing a woman, living a decorations life, and having a “silent” experience, Kepesh hesitates about his own situation:Its a dream! This is all come sort of dream! Six months havent passedthats an illusion! Im dreaming! Its just a matter of waking up! . This is a dream! Stop torturing me! Let me get up! . I was not dreaming, I was crazy. (Roth, 50-1)Whether he is dreaming or insane, Kepesh is torn by his non-human, or more specifically a woman condition.引用后为新的段落：Beijing a woman, living a decorations life, and having a “silent” experience, Kepesh hesitates about his own situation:Its a dream! This is all come sort of dream! Six months havent passedthats an illusion! Im dreaming! Its just a matter of waking up! . This is a dream! Stop torturing me! Let me get up! . I was not dreaming, I was crazy. (Roth, 50-1)Whether he is dreaming or insane, Kepesh is torn by his non-human, or more specifically a woman condition.2文尾注：References (四号字，Times New Roman，加粗，居中，1.5倍行距)American Psychological Association. Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. 4th ed. Washington: American Psychological Association, 1994.Atwan, Robert, Donald Mcquade, and John Wright. Edsels, Luckies, and Frigidaires: Advertising the American Way. New York: Dell, 1979.Bambrough, Renford. The Philosophy of Aristotle. New York: The New American Library, 1963.Belenky, Mary Field, et al. Womens Ways of Knowing: The Development of Self, Voice, and Mind. New York: Basic, 1986. Bernstein, Mark. 10 Tips on Writing The Living Web. A List Apart: For People Who Make Websites. No. 149 (16 Aug. 2002). 4 May 2006 . Buchman, Dana. A Special Education. Good Housekeeping Mar. 2006: 143-8. Business: Global warmings boom town; Tourism in Greenland. The Economist 26 May 2007: 82. “Communion.” The Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1992.Freud, Sigmund. Civilization and Its Discontents. Trans. James Strachey. New York: Norton, 1961.Fromkin, Victoria, and Robert Rodman. An Introduction to Language. 5th ed. Ft. Worth: Harcourt, 1993.Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing. 2nd ed. New York: The Modern Language Association, 1998.-. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 5th ed. New York: Modern Language Association, 1999.Glotfelty, Cheryll and Harold Fromm, eds. The Ecocriticism Reader: Landmarks in Literary Ecology. Athen: The University of Georgia Press, 1996.Harris, Muriel. Talk to Me: Engaging Reluctant Writers. A Tutors Guide: Helping Writers One to One. Ed. Ben Rafoth. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 2000. 24-34. How to Make Vegetarian Chili. eH. 10 May 2006 . The New York Times Atlas of the World. New York: New York Times Books, 1980.Plato. Laws. 2 vols. Trans. R. G. Bury. Leob Classical Library. New York: G. P. Putnams Sons, 1926.Stolley, Karl. Toward a Conception of Religion as a Discursive Formation: Implications for Postmodern Composition Theory. MA thesis. Purdue University, 2002. 正文按照姓氏首字母排列，中英文作品分别排列。悬挂缩进2字符，如上所示A. 书：书名首字母大写，斜体，作者名称一律先写姓，再写名。l 一个作者作者姓，作者名. 书名. 出版地：出版社, 出版时间.Bambrough, Renford. The Philosophy of Aristotle. New York: The New American Library, 1963.l 两个或者三个作者：第一个作者姓在前，其余按照正常顺序第一个作者姓，第一个作者名，第二个作者姓名，and 最后一个作者姓名. 书名. 出版地：出版社, 出版时间.Atwan, Robert, Donald Mcquade, and John Wright. Edsels, Luckies, and Frigidaires: Advertising the American Way. New York: Dell, 1979.l 四个作者或者更多：只提第一个作者的姓名，然后加上et al第一个作者姓，第一个作者名 et al. 书名. 出版地：出版社, 出版时间.Belenky, Mary Field, et al. Womens Ways of Knowing: The Development of Self, Voice, and Mind. New York: Basic, 1986. l 作者是一个机构机构名. 书名. 出版地：出版社, 出版时间.American Psychological Association. Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. 4th ed. Washington: American Psychological Association, 1994.l 匿名作者（按照书名的第一个主要词排列）书名. 出版地：出版社, 出版时间.The New York Times Atlas of the World. New York: New York Times Books, 1980.l 同一个作者的许多本书（按照书名的第一个主要词排列，第一本以后的作品用一条横线或者3条断线代替作者名）作者姓，作者名. 书名. 扩充信息(版本，卷数). 出版地：出版社, 出版时间-.书名. 扩充信息(版本，卷数). 出版地：出版社, 出版时间Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing. 2nd ed. New York: The Modern Language Association, 1998.-. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 5th ed. New York: Modern Language Association, 1999.l 有一个或者几个主编的书主编姓，主编名, ed/eds. 书名. 出版地：出版社, 出版时间Glotfelty, Cheryll and Harold Fromm, eds. The Ecocriticism Reader: Landmarks in Literary Ecology. Athen: The University of Georgia Press, 1996.l 有一个作者和一个主编作者姓，作者名.书名. Ed/Eds. 主编姓名. 出版地：出版社, 出版时间Jung, Carl G. Basic Writings. Ed. Violet Staub de Laszlo. New York: Modern Library, 1959.l 译著作者姓，作者名.书名. Trans. 译者姓名. 出版地：出版社, 出版时间Freud, Sigmund. Civilization and Its Discontents. Trans. James Strachey. New York: Norton, 1961.l 不同版本的书作者姓，作者名.书名. 版本信息. 出版地：出版社, 出版时间Fromkin, Victoria, and Robert Rodman. An Introduction to Language. 5th ed. Ft. Worth: Harcourt, 1993.l 多卷的书作者姓，作者名.书名. 卷数. 出版地：出版社, 出版时间Plato. Laws. 2 vols. Trans. R. G. Bury. Leob Classical Library. New York: G. P. Putnams Sons, 1926.l 书的前言，后记中的部分书作者姓，书作者名. Introduction/Preface/Foreword/Afterword.书名. By 前言或者后记作者姓名. 出版地：出版社, 出版时间. 页码.Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr. Introduction. Pioneer Women: Voices from the Kansas Frontier. By Joana L. Stratton. New York: Simon, 1981. 11-15.l 再版图书书作者姓，书作者名.书名. 第一次出版年代. 出版地：出版社, 引用书的出版年代.Butler, Judith. Gender Trouble. 1990. New York: Routledge, 1999.B. 文章：作者姓，作者名. “文章名.”杂志名 / 报纸名. 日 月（缩写） 年：页码 / 版面. 杂志/报纸/期刊首字母大写，斜体l 杂志中的文章：作者名. “文章名.” 杂志名 日（如果没有可以不给） 月（缩写） 年: 页码. Buchman, Dana. A Special Education. Good Housekeeping Mar. 2006: 143-8. l 报纸中的文章：作者名. “文章名.” 杂志名 日 月（缩写） 年 版本: 版面. Krugman, Andrew. Fear of Eating. New York Times 21 May 2007 late ed.: A1. l 书评的引用：作者名. “书评文章名” Rev. of 作品名, by 作品作者. 期刊（报纸）名 日 月 年: 页码（版面）.Seitz, Matt Zoller. Life in the Sprawling Suburbs, If You Can Really Call It Living. Rev. of Radiant City, dir. Gary Burns and Jim Brown. New York Times 30 May 2007 late ed.: E1. l 匿名作者的文章Business: Global warmings boom town; Tourism in Greenland. The Economist 26 May 2007: 82.l 学报中的文章：作者名. “文章名.” 期刊名 卷数.期数 (年代): 页码.Bagchi, Alaknanda. Conflicting Nationalisms: The Voice of the Subaltern in Mahasweta Devis Bashai Tudu. Tulsa Studies in Womens Literature 15.1 (1996): 41-50. * 连续页码的期刊，只需要给出卷数，不需要给期数l 文集或者参考书中的文章：作者姓, 作者名. “文章名.” 文集名. Ed. 主编姓名. 出版地: 出版社, 年代. 页码. Harris, Muriel. Talk to Me: Engaging Reluctant Writers. A Tutors Guide: Helping Writers One to One. Ed. Ben Rafoth. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 2000. 24-34. C. 诗歌或者短篇小说l 有主编的文集作者姓, 作者名. “诗歌名 / 短篇小说名.” 文集名. Ed. 主编姓名. 出版地: 出版社, 年代. 页码. Burns, Robert. Red, Red Rose. 100 Best-Loved Poems. Ed. Philip Smith. New York: Dover, 1995. 26.l 无主编的文集作者姓, 作者名. “诗歌名 / 短篇小说名.” 文集名. 出版地: 出版社, 年代. 页码. Whitman, Walt. I Sing the Body Electric. Selected Poems. New York: Dover, 1991. 12-19.D. 未出版的学位论文l 博士论文：作者姓，作者名. “论文名.” Diss. 学校名, 毕业年代.Graban, Tarez Samra. Towards a Feminine Ironic: Understanding Irony in the Oppositional Discourse of Women from the Early Modern and Modern Periods. Diss. Purdue University, 2006.l 硕士论文：作者姓，作者名. “论文名.” MA thesis. 学校名, 毕业年代.Stolley, Karl. Toward a Conception of Religion as a Discursive Formation: Implications for Postmodern Composition Theory. MA thesis. Purdue University, 2002. E. 网络资源l 网页：“网页名称.” 网站名称. 登陆日期 .How to Make Vegetarian Chili. eH. 10 May 2006 . l 网上杂志中的文章：作者姓，作者名. “文章名.” 网站名. （发表日期.） 登陆日期 . Bernstein, Mark. 10 Tips on Writing The Living Web. A List Apart: For People Who Make Websites. No. 149 (16 Aug. 2002). 4 May 2006 . F. 词典中的词条l 纸制词典: “词条.” 字典名. 版本信息. 出版地：出版社，出版年代.“Communion.” The Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1992.l 光盘版词典: “词条.” 字典名. 版本信息. CD-ROM. 出版地：出版社，出版年代.“Communion.” The Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd ed. CD-ROM. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1992.附件8：APA格式范例1 文中注：在作者姓后打消括号添加作品的出版年代l 一个或者两个著者，只有一部参考书l 1. 明确指出著者姓名Research by Wegener and Petty (1994) showed. l 2. 没有指出著者姓名Research showed. (Wegener & Petty, 1994 ) l 三个及以上著者，一本参考书l 1. 明确指出著者姓名Research by Kernis, Cornell, Sun, Berry, and Harlow (1994) showed.l 2. 没有指出著者姓名Research showed. (Kernis et al, 1994 )l 匿名作者A similar study was done of students learning to format research papers (Using APA, 2001).l 作者为机构l 机构名称没有缩写或者只提到一次According to the American Psychological Association (2000),.l 机构名称有缩写第1次：According to the American Psychological Association (APA, 2000),.第2次：APA (2001) showsl 多个作品Researches showed. (Berndt, 2002; Harlow, 1983)l 作者姓相同(E. Johnson, 2001; L. Johnson, 1998) l 同一个作者在同一年中的多个作品Research by Berndt (1981a) illustrated that.l 间接引用Johnson argued that. (qtd. in Smith, 2003, p. 102). 2 文尾注（参考文献：References）References(四号字，Times New Roman，加粗，居中，1.5倍行距)Bergmann, P. G. (1993). Relativity. The New Encyclopedia Britannica (Vol. 26, pp. 501-508). Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica.Berndt, T. J. (2002). Friendship quality and social development. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11, 7-10. Berndt, T. J. (1999). Friends influence on students adjustment to school. Educational Psychologist, 34, 15-28. Berndt, T. J., Petty, R. E., & Klein, D. J. (1994). Effects of mood on high elaboration attitude change: The mediating role of likelihood judgments. European Journal of Social Psychology, 24, 25-43.Duncan, G.J., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (Eds.). (1997). Consequences of growing up poor. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.Harris, M., Karper, E., Stacks, G., Hoffman, D., DeNiro, R., Cruz, P., et al. (2001). Writing labs and the Hollywood connection. Journal of Film and Writing, 44(3), 213-245.Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in todays schools. Time, 135, 28-31. Kenneth, I. A. (2000). A Buddhist response to the nature of human rights. Journal of Buddhist Ethics, 8.Retrieved February 20, 2001, from /jbe/twocont.html Laplace, P. S. (1951). A philosophical essay on probabilities. (F. W. Truscott & F. L. Emory, Trans.). New York: Dover. (Original work published 1814).Merriam-Websters collegiate dictionary (10th ed.). (1993). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster.National Institute of Mental Health. (1990).