英语综合教程unit7词汇学习.doc

Unit 7Words and Expressions1. (Para. 1) interviewee: n. the person who answers the questions in an interview (插入图片 面试.jpg) This is best obtained by asking interviewees to complete standard forms or to take tests before or between interviews. The total time taken was judged by the interviewees to be between 40 and 60 minutes at review.2. (Para. 2) potential: 1. adj. likely to develop into a particular type of person or thing in the future For the first time she realized the potential danger of her situation. (插入图片 足球迷.jpg) Its wrong to regard all soccer fans as potential trouble-makers its only a small minority who are responsible for the violence. Often a seller will deal concurrently with a number of potential buyers. 2. n. the possibility that sth. will develop in a particular way, or have a particular effect; ones natural ability or quality that could develop to make them very good But as you grow in confidence and experience, you will be able to realize your full potential. (插入声音文件potential) （= All girls and boys, from every background, must be able to discover their talents and fulfill their potential.）3. (Para. 3) analogy: n. sth. that seems similar between two situations, processes, etc. A close analogy can be drawn between cancer of the cell and a society hooked on drugs. (插入声音文件analogy) （= Dr. Smith explained the movement of light by analogy with the movement of water.）CF: similarity, resemblance, analogy & likeness这些名词均含“相似，类似”之意。similarity指不同的人或事物在外表、特征、程度或性质等方面有某些相似之处。例如：When comparing cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. resemblance指外观上的相似之处。例如： What happens in the film bears little resemblance to what actually happens. analogy指外表或实质均不相同的事物对比之下的类似之处，或者两种情况或者过程的相似性。例如： It is not, of course, invariably helpful to make analogies between sexism and racism. likeness普通用词，指人或物从外观看去，有很明显的相似之处，或完全相似。 Her elder brother John bore a startling likeness to his father. Collocations: draw / make an analogyby analogy with 4. (Para. 3) opposition: n. strong disagreement with, or protest against, sth. such as a plan, law, or system The history of mens opposition to womens emancipation is more interesting perhaps than the story of that emancipation itself. As might be expected, such a policy aroused enormous controversy and opposition, and was later modified. 建新体育场的计划无疑将会面临许多人的反对。(= Plans for the new stadium will no doubt face a lot of opposition.)Collocations: face opposition strong / stiff opposition arouse the opposition of 5. (Para. 3) reserve: 1. n. 1) being ready to be used if needed We always keep some money in reserve, just in case. 2) (British English) an area of land where wild animals and plants are protected Many wildlife reserves and parks are too dangerous for park rangers, let alone tourists.2. v. keep sth. so that it can be used by a particular person or for a particular purpose The chief commander ordered that the soldiers have a one-day rest to reserve their strength for the next battle. 我保留持不同意见的权利。(= I reserve the right to disagree.)远大的前程等待着你。(= A great future is reserved for you.) Collocations:wildlife reserve in reserve6. (Para. 4) specific: 1. adj. detailed and exact Power plant employees must follow very specific safety guidelines. (插入声音文件specific ) （= Research is an active and formally organized search for specific information for a specific purpose.） 2. n. (plural) particular details Mr. John Smith did not go into specifics of his plans publicly, but his secretary provided details given to them.7. (Para. 4) handicap: 1. v. make it difficult for sb. to do sth. that they want or need to do Women were also handicapped by the constant cycle of pregnancy and childbirth to which they had to resign themselves. *The charity is handicapped by lack of funds. 她虽身体不好, 但还是坚持工作。 （= Though handicapped by poor health, she persisted in working.） 2. n. if sb. has a handicap, a part of their body or their mind has been permanently injured or damaged; a situation that makes it difficult for sb. to do what they want Babies of alcoholic mothers can be born with a severe degree of handicap. His lack of height has not been a handicap to him. He is as good an athlete as anyone else in the school. Collocations: academic handicap 学习障碍cultural handicap 文化上的障碍emotional handicap 情绪障碍language handicap 语言障碍mental handicap 心理缺陷physical handicap 生理缺陷8. (Para. 5) strategy: n. a planned series of actions for achieving sth. An outline of the current national economic strategy is provided by the Minister of Commerce. How they strike a balance between the two is at the heart of corporate strategy.9. (Para. 5) motivation: n. eagerness and willingness to do sth. without needing to be told or forced to do it; the reason why you want to do sth. Participative management is a very powerful motivation because it enables employees to have some measure of influence and control over work-related activities. (插入声音文件) (= She enjoyed the excitement of her work. Money was not her only motivation.) 一个人学外语的内在要求越高, 那么他就学得越快。 (= The stronger the motivation is, the more quickly one learns a foreign language.)10. (Para. 5) inspiration: n. a good idea about what you should do, write, say, etc., especially one which you get suddenly The painter draws inspiration from ordinary scenes and simple places that he knows and loves. Scientists noticed discoveries, apparently irrelevant to their work, which contained an inspiration for solving some current problems of their own.11. (Para. 5) ego: n. the opinion that you have about yourself The success made them feel big, and boosted their egos.CF: self & ego这两个名词都有“自我”的意思。self指一个人自身。例如：She always thinks of others and never of self. ego指自己对自己的评价、感觉。 例如： The promotion really boosted her ego (= made her feel better about herself). 12. (Para. 5) rash: adj. if you are rash, you do things too quickly, without thinking carefully about whether they are sensible or not Dont make any rash promises that you may regret later. Before making any rash decisions about your fund you should consider the following points. 13. (Para. 6) define: v. describe sth. correctly and thoroughly, and to say what standards, limits, qualities, etc. it has that make it different from other things; explain exactly the meaning of a particular word or idea Each of us might define the concept of freedom in a slightly different way. A budget is defined as “a plan of action expressed in money terms”. Personality can be broadly defined as the propensities within an individual to act in a certain way, given a particular context. 14. (Para. 6) specify: v. state sth. in an exact and detailed way Immigration regulations specify that the names on the passports and tickets held by the customers must be the same. (插入声音文件specify) (= We could specify what words the student will say to the patient and even at what point she is to smile.) 规则规定考试时可使用字典。 (=The regulations specify that you may use a dictionary in the examination.)15. (Para. 7) guidance: n. help and advice, esp. on the problems connected with ones work, education, or personal life Each student also would receive guidance from an adult mentor and be involved in community service as a part of this requirement. (插入声音文件guidance) Your teacher can give you guidance on choosing a career and writing a job application. 我盼望在她的专门指导下工作。 (= I was looking forward to working under her expert guidance.)16. (Para. 7) loyalty: n. the quality of remaining faithful to your friends, principles, country, etc. Elizabeth understood her husbands loyalty to his sister.17. (Para. 7) objective: 1. n. sth. that you are trying hard to achieve, especially in business or politics The agenda contained a number of other items, but the points I have listed were the main objectives. Ideally, objectives should be measurable and they should be achievable. (插入声音文件objective) (= If you set unobtainable objectives, you will fail even if you do a wonderful job.) 2. adj. based on facts, or making a decision that is based on facts rather than on your feelings or beliefs The emphasis is on objective analysis of evidence rather than on a subjective impression of any single witness. They provided an objective standard by which we could judge ourselves.18. (Para. 8) foremost: adj. the best or most important; in a leading position among a group of people or things Economic concerns are foremost on many voters minds. No one doubts the seriousness of the problems the president must address, the recession foremost among them. Rostropovich was long considered the worlds foremost cellist.19. (Para. 8) oneness: n. a peaceful feeling of being part of a whole There can be no oneness without trust. Late in the night, standing alone on the riverbank, I felt an extremely intimate oneness with the universe, and it seemed that all physical aspects vanished.20. (Para. 9) complement: 1. v. make a good combination with sb. or sth. else She looked beautiful the white silk of her blouse complemented her olive skin perfectly. The two different points of view may complement each other. 2. n. sb. or sth. that emphasizes the good qualities of another person or thing This wine would be a nice complement to grilled dishes. NB: complement 和 compliment 虽然它们发音相同，但是在意义上截然不同，所以时常被混淆。 complement 意思是“补足，或使完美”，例如： The antique silver was a complement to the beautifully set table. 配上这个古银器，这套美丽的桌子就完美无缺了。compliment 意思是“客气或赞扬的表情或动作”，例如： They gave us a compliment on our beautifully set table. 他们对我们这张漂亮的桌子表示赞许。21. (Para. 9) competent: adj. having enough skill or knowledge to do sth. to a satisfactory standard Though the country is poor, the doctors and nurses are qualified and competent. He is the only party leader competent enough to govern this country.如果你要学习英文， 你须先找一位称职的老师。 (= If you want to learn English, you must first find a competent teacher.)22. (Para. 9) merit: 1. n. an advantage or good feature of sth.; (formal) a good quality that makes sb. or sth. deserve praiseProfessor Smiths timely book has the merit of being comprehensive and readable.(插入声音文件merit)The great merit of the project is its flexibility and low cost.你也许不喜欢他, 不过他也有自己的长处。(= You may not like him, but he has his merits.) 2. v. be good, important, or serious enough for praise or attention The subject has an importance in the history of war at this period which merits emphasis. The results have been encouraging enough to merit further investigation. The students are rewarded or corrected, as they merit.CF: merit, virtue, worth & value这四个词都含 “优点”、“价值”的意思。merit指“成就或品质中值得赞扬的优点”, 如:The merits of your plan outweigh the defects. virtue 指“性格中的优点、美德”, 如:Women have often been used as symbols of virtue.worth 着重指“人或物本质中的优点或价值”, 如:The worth of the new drugs is certain although all their uses are not yet known. value 指某物的重要性以及价值, 如:I set a high value on his advice.23. (Para. 10) rejection: n. the act of not accepting, believing in, or agreeing with sth. What are the reasons for his rejection of the theory? Successful job hunting takes time and will involve some rejections.24. (Para. 10) rebuff: 1. n. (formal) an unkind or unfriendly answer to a friendly suggestion or offer of help He received a humiliating rebuff from his manager. (插入声音文件rebuff)（= Despite several rebuffs, John refused to leave Mary alone.） 2. v. reject bluntly, often disdainfully; snub Mr. Smith rebuffed all the suggestions his subordinates put forth. 他断然拒绝了对手的邀请。 (= He rebuffed an invitation from his rival.) CF: decline, refuse, reject & rebuff 这些动词都含“拒绝”的意思，但程度不同。 decline 指较正式地、有礼貌地谢绝，如:He declined the nomination. refuse普通用语，指坚决、果断或坦率地拒绝，如: He refused to take the money. reject指以否定、敌对的态度当面拒绝， 如:They rejected damaged goods. rebuff指对友好的建议或者帮助的恶意的拒绝。 The manager rebuffed all her suggestions. 25. (Para. 10) mature: adj. (formal) after thinking carefully and sensibly about sth. for a long time; ; fully grown and developed Were mature enough to disagree on this issue but still respect each other. (插入声音文件mature)The human brain isnt fully mature until about age 25. On mature reflection we have decided to decline their offer. 26. (Para. 10) credit