英语五种基本句型及句子成分 网络.doc

英语句子成分及五种基本句型I 句子成分主语 ：句子要说明的人或事 ，或者是动作的执行者，通常位于句首，可以由名词，代词，数词，to do, doing,短语，名词化的形容词，从句等充当。To complete the project within 2 months was a great challenge.It is necessary to master English is international trade today.Living in that island country for months was a forgettable experience.All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.Generally speaking, the young are thirsty for knowledge.That they failed in the match is entirely understandable. Whether we will go depends on the weather.谓语：谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征，即主语所执行的动作，通常紧跟在主语之后。动词，动词短语，情态动词+动词原形，动词+不定式，联系动词+表语都可做谓语。I appreciate your timely help indeed.The plan takes off at 10 oclock.She could read Latin and Greek when she was ten.Our teacher looked rather pleased.宾语：宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词或介词之后，能作宾语的有名词，代词，数词，动词不定式, 动词ing,句子等。Water can be used to produce electricity.Have you told them anything about the accident?I dislike travelling to work in a very crowded bus every day.I expect to see you in Qinghua University next year.I wonder whether I should stay here or not.表语：表语是说明主语身份，职业，性质，状态或特征的句子成分，只能接在系动词之后。名词，形容词，副词，代词，数词，动词不定式, 动词ing,句子等均可做表语。He still remains a hero in peoples mind.His job is sweeping and cleaning the reading-room.Liu Ying feels much better today.Things were not as they seemed to be.Thats why we decided to put the decision off.定语：在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。用作定语的主要是形容词，代词，数词，名词，副词，动词不定式，介词短语等。形容词，代词，数词，名词等作定语时，通常放在被修饰的词前面。 但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。He bought everything necessary for the experiment.There are 23 boy students in our class.He is a man to be depended on.The young people working in the lab come form Asia.The train which has just left is for Shanghai.状语：修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分，叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词，介词短语，不定式和从句等。状语通常分为时间状语，地点状语，原因状语，目的状语，方式状语等。The pretty girl plays the piano wonderfully.The old man stood there, with a pipe in his mouth.The man, tired of the boring speech, started to read a novel.In order to learn English well, we must do a great deal of memory work.You will learn English well as long as you dont lose heart. Hearing the good news, we couldnt help jumping with joy.补语：用来说明宾语或主语所处的状态或正在进行的动作，简单说就是补充和说明主语和宾语的成分.因此,补语分为主语补足语和宾语补足语.形容词，副词，名词，不定式，ing形式，数词等都可以做补语。因为英语中有些动词加宾语后意思仍然不完整，如：make(使.),ask(请)等等，所以有了补语的存在。 We should try our best to make our country stronger and stronger. He was elected monitor of our class. I found the street crowded with many people. Marx found his English too limited on his arrival in England. Ill have the watch repaired as soon as possible. We ask the teacher to explain the sentence again.II 基本句型基本句型一: 主+系+表此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思.这类动词叫做连系动词.系动词分两类: (1)表示事物的特征和状态的连系动词。这些词有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。如： He is a teacher. We should remain modest and prudent any time. The picture looks more beautiful at a certain distance. (2)表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove, Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer. Dont have the food. It has gone bad. The facts prove true.1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. His face turned red. 3. He is growing tall and strong. 基本句型二: 主+谓(不及物动词)此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思.这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词,介词短语,状语从句等. 这些动词常见的有：appear, apologize, arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, rise,等等。如： 1. The sun was shining. 2. What he said does not matter. 3. They talked for half an hour. 4. The pen writes smoothly. 基本句型三: 主+谓(及物)+宾 此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整.这类动词叫做及物动词. 这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。同时，句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。作宾语的成分常是：名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。如:1. Who knows the answer？ 2. He enjoys reading. 3. He admits that he was mistaken. 4. Please allow me a few minutes to read the magazine.基本句型四: 主+谓(及物)+双宾（间宾+直宾） 此句型的句子有一个共同特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思.这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者.通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接,当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时,这一介词往往被省略. 这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”，直接宾语常常指“物”。如： 1. She ordered herself a new dress. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳.2. I showed him my pictures. 我给他看我的照片.3. He bought you a dictionary.他给你买了一本字典.4. I told him that the bus was late. 我告诉他汽车晚点了.要求跟双宾语的动词可分为三类：1.give,show,send,bring,pass,hand,lend,write,tell,teach,return,pay,allow,offer等 e.g. I lent her a novel. Please show her your photos.以上动词跟双宾语时可转化动词 宾语to sb.。如： I lent a novel to her. Please show your photos to her.2.buy,do, make, find, fetch, get, order, sing等 Her mother bought her a new shirt. Please sing us an English song.以上动词跟双宾语时可转化动词 宾语for sb.。如Her mother bought a new shirt for her. Please sing an English song for us.3.ask,answer,save wish, strike, envy等动词双宾语的位置一般不变，间宾在前直宾在后。 e.g. She asked the teacher a question. We wish you success. 基本句型五: 主+谓(及物)+复合宾语（宾+宾补） 此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整. 这种句型中的宾语 补语可统称为“复合宾语”。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词（-ing/-ed）、动词不定式等。如： 1. They painted the door green. 2. He made himself understood in the end.3. What makes him think so？ 4. We saw him out. 5. He asked me to come back soon. 6. I saw them getting on the bus at that time. 7.We made him monitor.8.I feel it necessary to speak about my opinion.Exercises 划分句子成分1.The woman enjoys shopping every week.2.Seeking information is very important.3.He taught us English.4.His parents named him Abraham, but we all called him Abe.5.He seems a clever boy. 6.The sun rises in the east.7.Li Ping wants to be a pilot.8.I hoped that you often write me letters.9.Suddenly I