英语国家概况一句话简答题完整篇.docx

1 .Why is Ireland also called the Emerald Isle? Because rolling farmlands and pastures cover the central part the island and they remain green all year around 2. What percentage of people are Roman Catholics? 93.1% of people are Roman Catholics. 3. When and how did the partition of Ireland occur? The partition of Ireland occurred on 1921 under the Anglo Irish Treaty. 4. When did Eire become the republic of Ireland? Eire became the Republic of Ireland in April 1949 5. How many permanent kingdoms were there on the island by the third century AD? By the third century AD there were five permanent kingdoms on the island, including Ulster, Connacht, Leinster, Meath and Munster, with a high king at Tara. 6. Who was the first king to bring all Ireland under English control? Henry VIII was the first king to bring all Ireland under English control. 7. When did Ireland establish diplomatic relations with China? Ireland established diplomatic relations with China on June 22 1972. 8. When did the country get its name? The name of the country was officially changed to Ireland (Eire in Gaelic) in 1937. 9. What is the Republic of Ireland also called? Which city is its capital city? The Republic of Ireland is also call Eire, its capital city is Dublin. 10. What is the most significant feature of Irish landscape? The most significant feature of Irish landscape is bogs. 11. What are the official languages in Ireland? Which is the first official language? The official languages in Ireland are Irish and English. Irish is the first official language. 12. Which religion in Ireland is the largest non-Catholic denomination? The Anglican Church of England is the largest non-Catholic denomination. 13. What mind became more violent in the early decades of the 20th century and climaxed in the Easter Uprising? Nationalism became stronger and even more violent in the early decades of the 20th century and climaxed in the Easter Uprising of 1916. 14. What is the full name for IRA? The full name for IRA is Irish Republican Army. 15. What Treaty did British sign in 1921? What was it about? In 1921 the British signed the Anglo-Irish Treaty. The British government agreed to organize a partition of Ireland. 16. When did the Republic of Ireland become an EC member state? In 1973 the Republic of Ireland became an EC member state. 17. What foreign policy has Ireland adhered to since independence? Since independence Ireland has adhered to a policy of neutrality and nonalignment. 18. Who is the head of the State of Ireland? The president is the head of the State of Ireland. 19. Who is the head of government? The Prime Minister is the head of government. 20. What does the Irish Oireachtas consist of? The Oireachtas consists of two houses: the House of Representative and the Senate. 21. What are the Irelands main industries? Its main industries are manufacturing, mining and energy. 22. What kind of language is Irish? Irish is a Celtic language. 23. Who is regarded as one of the most influential writers of the 20th century? James Joyce is regarded as one of the most influential writers of the 20th century. 24. What is the chief language of instruction in Ireland? The chief language of instruction in Ireland is English. 25. How many counties does the Republic of Ireland consist of? The Republic of Ireland consists of 26 of the 32 countries of Ireland 26. Who shall appoint the prime minister in Ireland? The president shall appoint the prime minister on the nomination of the house of Representatives (Dail) 27. How long do TDs and Senators serve for the members of Oireachtas every term? They serve for five years every term. 28. What is the largest political party in Ireland? What does it mean? The largest political party in Ireland is Fianna Fail which means “soldiers of destiny”. 29. Is Ireland one of the leading exporters of lead an zinc in Europe? Yes. Ireland is one of the leading exporters of lead an zinc in Europe 30. How do the Irish farmers depend chiefly for their living?. The Irish farmers depend chiefly for their living on occasional cash crops and some of livestock. 31. What are the two types of farming in Ireland? They are arable farming and stock farming. 32. How many periods do the Irish have in history? What are they? Irish or Irish Gaelic is a Celtic language. Its history has three periods: Old Irish, Middle Irish and Modern Irish. 33. Who presides over the high court? Normally a judge sitting with a jury of 12 presides over the high court. 34. Who are recognized as major figures in world literature in the 20th century? James Joyce and Samuel Beckett are recognized as major figures in world literature in the 20th century. 美国 1.Which state is separated by Canada form the main land? Alaska is separated from the main land by Canada. 2. What is the other name of Eskimos? Eskimos are also called Inuit. 3. What is the largest active volcano in the world? Mauna Loa is the worlds largest active volcano, which is located on Hawaii. 4. How is the West divided? The West can be divided into three parts: the Great Plains, the Rocky Mountains and the Intermountain Basin and Plateau. 5. Where is the birthplace of America? New England is sometimes called the birthplace of America. 6. What states are in New England? New England is made up of six states of the Northeast, including Maine, Massachusetts, Vermont, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Connecticut . 7. Where is the Hoover Dam located? The Hoover Dam is built on the border between Nevada and Arizona and it is one of the biggest dams in the U.S. 8. What are the names of the capital of Hawaii and Alaska respectively? Honolulu is the capital of Hawaii and Juneau is the capital of Alaska. 9. What is the Rockies also called? The Rockies, the backbone of the North American Continent, is also known as the Continental Divide. 10. How does the United States rank among the countries of the world in population and area? The United States of America is the third-largest country in the world in population and the fourth-largest country in area. 11. What is the other major mountain range in the U.S. besides the Rocky Mountain range? It is the Appalachian Highlands. 12. What is the Midwest famous for? The Midwest is well known for its large stretches of fertile soil. 13. Which state is the smallest one in the Unites States in area? Rhode Island is the smallest state in the country. 14. Where does the Mississippi rise? The Mississippi River rises in the lake region in North Minnesota. 15.Which two states are Geographically separated from the other 48 states? They are Alaska and Hawaii. 16. Which state in America is the largest in size and which is the smallest? In America Alaska is the largest state in size and Rhode Island the smallest. 17. Which mountain is the highest peak in America? Where is it? The highest mountain in America is Mount Mekinley (6,187 meters).It is the middle of the Alaska Range. 18. What are the two tributaries of Mississippi? The two largest tributaries of Mississippi are the River Missouri and River Ohio. 19. How many geographical regions are the continental states divided into? The continental states of the United States are often divided into seven geographical regions. 20. Why is New England called the birthplace of America? New England is called the birthplace of America because it was the chief centre of the American War of Independence of 1776 and was also the nationals first industrial area. 21. Which city is the largest and busiest port on the Great Lakes? Chicago is the largest and busiest port on the Great Lakes. 22. What is the leading commercial crop of the South? The leading commercial crop of the South is cotton. 23. Which city has been called the steel city of the West? Colorado has been called the steel city of the West. 24. Why has Florida become one of the fastest growing states in population for the last 20 years? Because of its attractiveness both as a place to retire and as a convenient place for business with and travel to Central and South America. 25. When did the largest immigration movement begin? The largest immigration began form 1815 26. How many great population movement are there in the history of the U.S.? There are four great population movements. 27. What are the three groups of Hispanics? They are the Mexican-Americans (Chicanos) , the Puerto Ricans and the Cuban-Americans. 28. What are the major racial and ethnic minorities in the U.S.? They are black Americans, Hispanics, Asian Americans and American Indians. 29. When did the “Baby Boom” occur? It occurred between 1946 and 1966. 30. Which are the five biggest cities in the U.S. in terms of population? They are New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, San Francisco and Philadelphia. 31. What is the population of the United States in 1997? The population of the United States is about 267 million in 1997. 32. Who were indentured servants? Indentured servants refer to the poor immigrants who had to work for fixed term for their masters to repay the cross-Atlantic fare and debts. 33. Why are the people moving so often in the United States? The people are moving so often in the United States because they want to look for better job opportunity or for better climate or for other goals. 34. What are the two novels giving a vivid description about the miserable life of the black slaves? “Uncle Toms Cabin” and “Roots” are two novels giving a vivid description about the miserable life of the black slaves. 35. Why were 1.5 million Irishmen driven to the United States in the decade of 1845-1854? They were driven to the United States by English oppression and the Potato Famine. 36. Where did a large number of people move to in the last great population movement? In the last great population movement, a large number of people moved to the sunbelt areas. 37. What are the fist tow largest groups of the Asian-Americans? The first two largest groups of the Asian-Americans are the Chinese American and the Japanese-Americans. 38. What does WASP stand for? WASP stands for white Anglo-Saxon Protestants. 39. Why do many Puerto Ricans go to the United States? Many Puerto Ricans go to the United States for better job opportunities. 40. Give an example to show the awakening of the American Indians. Many American Indians are taking legal steps to demand compensation for land and resources grabbed from them illegally. 41. When was the Thirteenth Amendment added to the Constitution? The Thirteen Amendment, which banned slavery ,was added to the Constitution in December 1865. 42. How did Mexico join the U.S.? In the Gadsden Purchase, 30,000 square miles of Mexican land were added to the territory of the U.S. in 1853. 43. When and how did the U.S become independent? In 1783, the Treaty of Paris was signed, Britain recognized the independence of the United States. 44. How did the Plymouth settlers manage to survive? The neighboring Indians came to teach them how to grow corn and they succeeded in having a good harvest. 45. When did the War of Independence start? It started when clashes took place at Concord and Lexington. 46. What was the Compromise of 1850? The Compromise of 1850 was an agreement, which kept a balance between free and slave states in the Senate. 47. When did the first American general election hold? The first American general election was held towards the end of 1788. 48. When was the American Constitution first ratified? The American Constitution was first ratified by the State of Delaware in December 1787. 49. What was the turning point of the Civil War? The Gettysburg Victory was the turning point of the Civil War. 50. Why did President Lincoln issue the Emancipation Proclamation? He issued the Emancipation Proclamation for the purpose of winning support for the Union at home and abroad by making the war a just war against slavery. 51. How many people were died in the Civil war? The Civil War cost American 618,000 lives. 52. What was the strong trend in the American economy at the end of the 19th century? The trend was the monopoly by big business. 53. When did Christopher Columbus discover the North America? Christopher Columbus discovered the North America in the year 1492. 54. What were the differences between the Puritans and the Pilgrims? The Puritans were wealthy, well educated gentlemen, but Pilgrim were mostly poor, laboring people. 55. When and where was the First Continental Congress held? In September 1774, the Fist Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia. 56. What was the chief weakness of the Articles of Confederation? The chief weakness of the Articles of Confederation was that it failed to set up a government that could function, 57. Who became known as the Anti-federalists? Those people who opposed the Constitution of 1787 became known as the Anti-federalists. 58. What did the United States win as a result of the U.S. Mexican War? As a result of the U.S. Mexican War the United States won California and New Mexico. 59. What did “Manifest Destiny” introduced by John L. OSullivan mean? “Manifest Destiny”, introduced by John L. OSullivan in the 1840s, meant that outward movement was inevitable, that the United States was driven on by a divine force that should not be denied. 60. What was the direct cause of the outbreak of the Civil War? The direct cause of outbreak of Civil War was that the southern states left the Union and formed a new nation but President Lincoln was determined to maintain the Union. 61. Who contributed to the government regulation of economic development pushed by the Progressive Movement? Pushed by the Progressive Movement, President Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson contributed to the government regulation of economic development. 62. When did the U.S. government declare war on Germany? The U.S. government declared war on Germany on April 6, 1917. 63. What was the result of the Paris Conference? The result of the Paris Conference was the emergence of the Versailles Treaty System in Europe and later the Washington System in Asia supplemented it. 64. Which day was the Black Thursday? The Black Thursday referred to October 24, 1929. 65. What was the aim of the New Deal? The aim of the New Deal, as President Roosevelt put it, was to save American democracy. 66. What was the American foreign policy in the early 1930s? In the early 1930s, the American foreign policy was isolationist. 67. What was the beginning of a long economic depression in the U.S.? The stock market crash was the beginning of the long economic depression. 68. What was the meaning of overlord? Overlord was a code name for the allied landing at Normandy, France, in May 1944. 69. What was Red Scare? Red Scare referred to the large-scale arrests of suspected Communists and radicals between Nov.1919 and Jan.1920 by the justice Department. 70. What were the immediate causes that led the United States into the war? The immediate causes were Germanys unlimited submarine warfare and Germanys attempt to get Mexico into the war against the United States. 71. What were the two guiding principles underlying American diplomatic activities in W W II? The first was to win the war; the second was to bring the Soviet Union into a postwar world order under American leadership. 72. What is Tariff Protection? Tariff Protection means to get higher import taxes to protect domestic production. 73. Which policy did the U.S. pursue during the WWI? During the WWI the U.S. pursued a policy of pro-Ally partiality. 74. Who controlled more than a third of the countrys railroads by 1900? By 1900, J. P. Morgan controlled more than a third of the countrys railroads. 75. How much of the countrys steel production did the United States Steel Corporation control in 1901? In 1901 the United States Steel Corporation controlled three fifths of the countrys steel production. 76. What was the basic demand of the Progressive Movement? The basic demand of the Progressive Movement was government regulation of the economy and social conditions. 77. What were the main causes of the First World War? The causes of WWI were the fierce struggle between two imperialist power groups for colonies, markets and sphere of influence, and an intense arms race. 78. What was the essence of the Paris Peace Conference? The essence of the Paris Peace Conference was to carve up the colonies of the defeated countries and get war compensation for the victors. 79. Name the main cause of WWII. The main cause of WWII was big powers struggles for control of the world. 80. What were the Axis powers in WWII made up by? The Axis powers in WWII were made up by Germany, Italy and Japan. 81. What was isolationism in America history? Isolationism was the American foreign policy in the early 1930s. It tried to keep the United States out of the fighting that was going on in Europe and Asia. 83. What characteristics did President Franklin D. Roosevelt possess? He had a sure sense of what was practical or possible, a strong sense of timing and he was great communicator. 84. What was the postwar strategy of the United States? The strategy was American leadership of the world and open market for American goods and capital. 85. What was the immediate cause of the Berlin crisis in 1948? The cause was that the Soviet Union cut off western routes to West Berlin. 86. What effect did the Berlin blockade have on the people in West Berlin and western occupied zones? It pushed the people in West Berlin and western occupied zones further to the side of the United States beca