研究生公共英语考试英语翻译.doc

2012年研究生翻译材料Unit 11.Has the importance of technology been stressed over that of the humanities at a time when perhaps the converse should be ture?在一个也许更需要强调人文学科的重要性的时代里，是否相反过分强调了技术的重要性?2.Thus the art of architecture and its decorationthe post-office mural or the restored Williamsburg are forced on millions who ,left to themselves ,might live in a cave or atent.于是，建筑及其装饰艺术，如邮局墙面上的壁饰或是复原的威廉斯堡，强加给了成百上千万人，如果任其自然，这些人就会生活在洞穴或帐篷里面。3.On the surface ,these uses appear more individual than social ,more self-indulgent than altruistic.从表面上来看，这些用途十个人的而不是社会的，是自我陶醉而不是利他主义。4.We may acknowledge the desirability of devoting human energies to killing viruses and improving our neighbors; but it does not follow that all rewards and research funds should go to projects for the immediate relief of pain and sorrow .我们可以赞赏把人类精力投入到杀死病毒并改善我们邻里环境的愿望，但是这并不意味着所有的奖赏和研究基金都应该分配给旨在立即消除疼痛和悲伤的项目上去。5.The is no end to the silly ,scholarly interest that actual, living modern ,scientific ,respectable American citizens will take up rather than do an honest days work clearing slums and keeping down divorce.当代现实中活生生的、懂科学、令人尊敬的美国公民宁愿继续这种永无止境的愚蠢的学者兴趣而不愿意实实在在地干好一天工作，打扫打扫贫民窟，降低居高不下的离婚率。6.The practical man it seems ,has been too busy spinning dreams of medical and behavioral betterment to bring his opinion in line with his practice.而那些务实的人好像一直忙于编织医学和行为进步的梦想，而无法做到言行一致。7.They are poor in means ,because they have not known how to make out their case on their own grounds.它们不善于使用手段，因为它们还没有学会如何在自己所熟悉的领域为己一辩。8.This filtering of the subject ,man ,through the medium of mind has the effect of keeping always in the foreground the element of novelty of uniqueness ,of astonishing unpredictability.通过精神这一媒介，这种对主题，即人类，的过滤过程产生出这样的效果:让新鲜、独特、根本无法预科的成分总处于最显著的位置。Unit 31、 The reason this does not happen is not that we have become hardened to these fantastic appeals to our passions , but that we have become so groggy ,so passive ,so helpless barrage of appeals that “we go about our business,” as we say . 之所以没有出现这样的情况，并不是因为我们已经对这种呼唤激情的荒谬做法习以为常而是因为我们已经在永无止境、铺天盖地的呼唤声中变得如此神魂颠倒，如此被动，如此无助，“我们只管自己的事儿。”2、 The ad was a piece of abstract art, of unabashed symbolism such as is reputed to outrage the ordinary man when he meets it in an art gallery.广告是一种抽象艺术，是不经掩饰的象征主义作品。据说普通人在艺术画廊里看到广告时会怒不可遏，但是它在市场上却表现得尽善尽美。3、 So powerful is this feature of the huge artificial, pictorialized ,neon-lighted environment created by advertising that people have gotten into the habit of living in that future environment.广告创造的图文并茂、弥虹灯闪烁的人造环境的阵势如此强大，以至于人嘛都已习惯生活在广告所宣称的未来世界里。4、 In fact, as handled by such commercial geniuses as Vollard and Duveen, modern painting has itself become a branch of advertising.事实上，就像沃拉德和杜维恩这些商界天才所做的那样，现代绘画本身已经变成了广告的一个分支。5、 Spain is the last European country where conversation remains a popular art, and where the peasants, though illiterate, are as a rule so highly cultured that high society and intellectuals imitate their special accents and expressions out of snobbism.西班牙是欧洲依然保留对话这一大众艺术的最后一个国家。在这里，农民虽然没有读过书，但是他们一般很有教养，以至于上流社会的人和只是分子势力地模仿他们独特的口音和表达方法。6、 Our social culture today is, even at the intellectual level, mainly an affair of advertising; and ads, in turn, represent the main channel of intellectual and artistic effort in the modern world.我们今天的社会文化，甚至是在只是这一层面上，主要是广告的天下；广告反过来又是表现现代世界知识和艺术成就的主要渠道。7、 Advertising, with its appeal to collective emotion, has set up national brands and totems for communal participation. 广告能够调动起集体情感，为群体参与制定了全国性品牌和图腾。8、 The important point about ads and fashions can be stated in a word.广告和时尚的根本点可以用一句话来说没。9、 With the arrival of display advertising, a major revolution occurred in the modern world.随着图文显示广告的到来，现代世界发生了一场巨大的革命，生活从此与以往大不相同。10、 That is the least of the matter, for the initial investment is hitched to multi-million dollar production plants and national sales networks. 这还是这还是最低的价格，因为前期头次还包括建设价值数百万的生产厂和全国销售网络。Unit 41It can be described in terms of movement，shape，and musical color-but it is much more它可以用乐章、形状和音色来描述，不过远远不止这些。2Until recently,few people have respected or understood the creative tradition of jazz直到最近，很多人才了解和尊重爵士乐的创造性传统。3 the blues were a rich,social,and personal music language-social in that it was the creative language of a people，and personal in that it was an expression of individual thinking and feeling 布鲁斯是一种丰富的社会的也是个人的音乐语言。说它是社会的是因为它是一个民族的创造性语言；说它是个人的是因为它是个人思想和感情的表达方式。4.Blues imagery was taken from more realistic experiences than was the biblical imagery of the spirituals布鲁斯的形象更多的是来自现实经历而不是来自圣歌中的圣经形象5.Whereas other types of folk music have developed slowly，often spanning centuries，jazz has developed in a little less than a hundred years 其他类型的民间音乐发展缓慢，往往要持续好几个世纪，而爵士乐在不到100年时间里发展起来了。6.It does not use chord structure where a single melodic line is better，and in this sense it is akin to abstract art which reduces lines to a minimum只要一个旋律线谱更好，就绝不用和弦结构。在这个意义上讲，它类似于抽象艺术，把谱线减少到最小量。7But the distance is more than a mere matter of geography and stycle 不过这段道路不仅仅是地理和风格上的。.8.Viewing the tradition of jazz in perspective，one must ask：Had the American Negro been given opportunity for musical education before 1865，would jazz be with us today？回顾爵士乐传统，人们一定会同：假如1865年前美国黑人给予了接受音乐教育的机会，我们今天还有爵士乐吗？9 Those who are sympathetic to both composed to both composed music and jazz claim that jazz must become a larger form of composition and be written down in a prevailing form as are ballet，opera，symphony，and musical comedy那些喜欢创作音乐和爵士乐的人称，爵士乐应该成为一种更为广泛的作曲形式，像芭蕾、歌剧、交响乐和音乐喜剧一样，以一种流行的形式把它谱写下来。10. The creative jazz man of today is in tune with what happened last night and anticipates what may occur tomorrow当今富有创造性的爵士乐手表现的是昨晚所发生的事情，他预言的是明天将发生的事情。Unit 51. For its purposes, any social regulation of mating and reproduction is as significant as our own.就其目的而言，任何社会有关交配和繁殖的规定跟我们自己的一样重要。2. He is bound to avoid any weighting of one in favor of the other. 他肯定会竭力避免厚此薄彼。3. Traditional custom, taken the world over, is a mass of detailed behavior more astonishing than what any one person can ever evolve in individual actions, no matter how aberrant.从世界范围来看，传统习俗不管有多么异常，它是一系列细微的行为方式，比任何个人在个体行为中发展的行为方式要复杂得多。4. The life history of the individual is first and foremost an accommodation to the patterns and standards traditionally handed down in his community.个人的生活历史首先是适应他的社团中按照传统继承下来的模式和规范的历史。5. Anthropology was by definition impossible as long as these distinctions between ourselves and the barbarian, ourselves and the pagan, held sway over peoples minds. 只要我们自己与野蛮人，我们自己与异教徒之间的这些区别主宰着人们的头脑，人类学从其定义上来讲是不可能存在的。6. It was necessary first to arrive t that degree of sophistication where we no longer set our own belief over against our neighbors superstition. 首先，我们必须练达到不再把自己的信念看得高于我们邻居的迷信。7. Both these battles we may fairly count as wonif not yet, then soon; but the fighting has only massed itself upon another fort. 这两场战争我们可以说是打赢了假如尚未打赢的话，起码很快就能打赢。然而，战斗只不过把自己调集到了另一座城堡上。8. The psychological consequences of this spread of white culture have been out of all proportion to the materialistic. 对于唯物主义者来说，白人文化传播所造成的心理结果难以接受。9. On the one side, it was a question of Divine Truth and of revelation; on the other, it was a matter of mortal error and of fables.一方面，这是上帝的真理和启示的问题；另一方面，这是人类的过失和神话的问题。10. There could be no question of understanding from objectively studied data the nature of this important human trait, religion. 人类特征的这种重要性质，即宗教，不大可能根据客观研究的资料来理解。Unit 71.However, except where the improvement contributed to increased productivity, the effort to make work more pleasant has had to support a large burden of proof. 然而，除了条件的改善有助于提高生产力这一点，力争使工作变得更加愉快的这一努力必须提供大量的证据，才能证明它是值得的。2.But the best was not what was agreeable but what was unhealthful or, at a minimum,excessively fatiguing.然而，判断的标准倒不是什么令人舒适，而是什么对身体有害，或者最低限度，是什么尤其累人。3.It is not seriously argued that the shorter workweek increases productivitythat men produce more in fewer hours than they would in more. Rather, it is whether fewer hours are always to be preferred to morebut , more pleasant ones.人们没有认真讨论过这个问题：更短的周工作时间会提高生产力，人在更少的时间里会比在更多的时间里制造更多的产品。相反，人们所关心的是应不应该在任何时间都选择更少的工作时间而且是更加愉快的工作时间。4.With diminishing marginal urgency of goods, it is logical that the first to be spared should be the old and young. 随着产品边际需求的日益减少，合理的做法是首先减轻老年人和孩子的劳累。5.In fact, the difference in what labor means to different people could not be greater.事实上，对于不同的人来说，工作有着不同的意义，其差别简直再大不过了。6.The rewardrests not in the task but in the pay.工作的回报并不在于所完成的工作任务，而在于所得到的报酬。7.Among other things, pay is a prime index of prestige.在其他方面，工资是一个威望的主要指数。8.No aristocrat ever contemplated the loss of feudal privileges with more sorrow than a member of this class would regard his descent into ordinary his descent into ordinary labor where the only reward was the pay.一个贵族在失去封建特权时思想上的痛苦也比不上这个阶级的成员在“堕落”为只有通过领取工资才能获得回报的普通劳动者时的痛苦。9.We are not establishing a new economic and social goal but identifying one that is already widely,if but tacitly,accepted.我们并不是在制定一种新的经济和社会目标，而是在认识一种已经被广泛（假如只是悄无声息地）认可的目标。10.There is no goal in life of comparable urgency as the maximization of total and individual income.生活中没有哪个目标能够同最大限度地增加全民和个人的实际收入相提并论。Unit 111、 Down through the centurise,particular colors have been used to signify certain qualities or conditions.千百年来，一些特定的颜色一直被用来表示某些品质或者身份。2、 Furthermore,are such systems based, in the final analysis, on actual observation?再说，这些意义系统归根结底是以实际观察为基础的吗？3、 However,neither nature nor emotions can do more than suggest things to the mind;they do not offer a basis for a coherent system of symbols.然而，无论自然或情感，它们所能做的只不过是给大脑提示某种事物，并不能成为统一的象征符号系统的基础。4、 While these extremes may explain certain traditional systems of symbols,where yellow,for instance,can stand equally for God the Omnipotent,for strikebreakers,and for a cuckold,they cannot account for a whole series of tacts emerging both from the paintings of great artists and from those of mental patients.尽管这些极端的事例可以解释某些传统的象征系统，比如，在这些系统 中，黄色可同时表示万能的上帝、破坏罢工或者的奸妇的丈夫，但是它们却无法解释艺术大师和精神病人画中表现出来的一系列现象。5、 And when individual and group symbolism tally,it is not that psychological factors explain sociological features,but that,on the contrary,outward civilization imposes its standards on the individual,even though he may be mentally ill.当个体和群体象征意义相吻合时，并非是心里学因素解释了社学特征，而恰恰相反，是外在的文明将其标准和传统强加在个人身上，即使他可能患有精神病。6、 The real question,however or not the same system of symbols recurs in all civilizations.然而，真正的问题是，同样的象征体系是否存在于所有文化之中？7、 So far, it has been the practice to compare the use of the same color in a number of entirely different countries or during periods of history as possible from one anoter.截至目前，惯常的做法是将同一种颜色在许多截然不同的国家或者是相距甚远的各个历史时期进行比较，8、 Here once more the color owes its significance to the myth, or ,in is the god who transforms it into a symbol.这个例子又一次说明颜色的含义源于神话，或者换句话说，是神将颜色转变为一种象征符号。9、 Although we do not realize it,this association of black with hell,death,the shades of night,and sin, inevitably influences the European view of Africans,as if the color of their skin had laid accurse upon them.尽管我们没有意识到，但是人们把黑色同地狱、死亡、夜的阴影、罪恶等联系起来，这种联想不可避免地影响到欧洲人对非洲人的看法，好像他们的肤色是对他们的一种诅咒似的。10、 To recognize the relativity of systems of symbols may therefore be an effective aid in eradicating race prejudices and of doing away with ethnic stereotypes.认识象征符号系统的相对性有利于消除种族歧视和固有的民族偏见。Unit 131. The object of this Essay is to assert one very simple principle as entitled to govern absolutely the dealings of society with the individual in the way of compulsion and control, whether the means used be physical force in the form of legal penalties, or the moral coercion of public opinion.本文的目的是要阐明一条非常简单的法则，即社会有权利以强迫和管制的方式将它与个人的交往置于其绝对的管辖之中，不管这种方式是法律惩治的物质力量还是公众舆论的道德谴责。2. It is, perhaps, hardly necessary to say that this doctrine is meant to apply only to human beings in the maturity of their faculties.也许无须指出，该学说仅适用于各种能力已经成熟的人，我们不是指孩子或者年龄低于法律所确定的成年年龄的人。3. Despotism is a legitimate mode of government in dealing with barbarians, provided the end be their improvement, and the means justified by actually effecting that end.作为一种法则，在人类还不能通过自由平等的讨论来改良自身之前，自由不能用来处理任何事态。4. It is proper to state that I forgo any advantage which could be derived to my arguments from the idea of abstract right, as a thing independent of utility.应该声明，我不会把抽象权利这个概念中引申出来的任何有利于我的论点的观念看做与人类幸福无关。5. In all things which regard the external relations of the individual, he is de jure amenable to those whose interests are concerned, and if need be, to society as their protector.在所有与个人的外部关系有关的事情中，按照法律，他对那些牵涉到利益关系的人负有责任，如有必要，则对保护他们的社会负责。6. Mankind are great gainers by suffering each other to live as seems good to themselves, than by compelling each to live as seems good to the rest.人类是大赢家，他们允许彼此以看似最有利于自己的方式生活，而不是强迫彼此以看似最有利于其他人的方式生活。7. Society has expended fully as much effort in the attempt (according to its lights)to compel people to conform to its notions of personal, as well as of social, excellence.社会竭尽其能地试图（根据他的理念）强迫人们服从追求个人卓越和社会卓越的观念。8. The ancient commonwealths thought themselves entitled to practice, and the ancient philosophers countenanced, the regulation of every part of private conduct by public authority, on the ground that the State had a deep interest in the whole bodily and mental discipline of every one of its citizens.古代的联邦国家认为，他们有权依仗公共权力调节个人行为的每一方面，理由是国家对每一个公民在身体与精神方面的全面约束有着息息相关的利益。9. Apart from the peculiar tenets of individual thinkers, there is also in the world at large an increasing inclination to stretch unduly the powers of society over the individual, both by the force of opinion and even by that of legislation.除了个别思想家特异的信念之外，世界上还有一种日趋强烈的倾向，想既靠观念的力量，甚至也靠立法的力量，过分地滥用社会对个人的各种权利。10. The disposition of mankind is so energetically supported by some of the best and by some of the worst feelings incident to human nature, that it is hardly ever kept under restraint by anything but want of power。人类无论是统治者还是平民百姓把自身的观点和倾向作为一种行为准则强加于人的天性得到人性中最好的和最坏的部分情感的强有力的支持。所以，除了获取权利以外，很少有什么东西能够使它保持克制。Unit 141、Any man who loves his calling loves it for more than its use; he loves it because it seems to have “meaning”任何一个热爱自己职业的人不仅仅因为它有用才热爱他，他热爱它是因为职业好像具有某种“意义”。2、A mind that is oriented in material and social realities, no matter by what conscious or unconscious symbols, can function freely and confidently even under great pressure of circumstance and in the face of hand problems.一种以物质和社会现实为导向的思想，不管是采用何种有意识或无意识的象征符号，即使在环境的重压下，在面临严峻问题时，都能表现得从容自如。3、Dreams can possess it at night and work off the heaviest load of self-expressive needs, and evaporate before the light of day; its