动物界的模范父亲-国家地理.doc

国家地理动物界的模范父亲/view/49269/1114731.great horned owl001.大角猫头鹰 Photograph by Joel Sartore图片来源：Joel SartoreThe most common owl in North and South America, the great horned owl is a hard-working partner and father. In late winter, while his mate stays on the nest with their clutch of two or three eggs, the male heads off to find food for both of them, carrying rats, mice, and squirrels back to the nest. Once the chicks hatch, his job gets harderhe now has to feed an additional two or three mouths.大角猫头鹰是北非和南非最常见的猫头鹰，也是最勤劳的伴侣和父亲。冬末，雌性猫头鹰拥着两三只卵卧在巢中，雄性猫头鹰则出去为它们寻找食物，把大小老鼠和松鼠带回巢。小猫头鹰孵出来后，他的工作就更辛苦了他必须多喂两三张嘴。2.Greater Flamingos002.大火烈鸟 Photograph by Michael Nichols图片来源： Michael NicholsFlamingo males are both loving husbands and attentive fathers. They congregate in flocks that can number in the hundreds of thousands, but flamingos generally remain monogamous for life. A male dutifully follow his spouses lead in selecting a nesting site and then aids in the construction of the mud nest. Both take turns incubating their single egg and defending the nest, and both share duties in rearing the hatchling.雄性火烈鸟既是忠诚的丈夫又是细心的父亲。聚集成群的火烈鸟有可能达数万只，但它们一般一生只有一个配偶。雄性忠实地听从配偶的领导，选择筑巢地点，然后帮忙构筑泥巢。它们轮流孵化唯一的卵，共同保卫它们的巢穴，共同承担抚养孵化小鸟的责任。3.Red Fox003.红狐狸 Photograph by Joel Sartore图片来源：Joel SartoreMale red foxes are attentive dads, playing excitedly with their pups and bringing food home for the whole family. After about three months, though, the gravy train stops and the young foxes must find their own meals. Dad doesnt let them go hungry, howeverhe hides food nearby, helping teach the pups to sniff out a snack.雄性红狐狸也是细心的父亲，它会兴冲冲地和小狐狸玩耍，也会为全家带回食物。但是，这种不劳而获的生活只会持续约三个月，此后，小狐狸必须自己觅食。不过，做父亲的不会让它们挨饿，他会在附近藏些食物，帮助小狐狸学会如何找到食物。4.Greater Rhea004.大美洲鸵 Photograph by Nicole Duplaix图片来源：Nicole DuplaixThe male rhea, a large, flightless bird from South America related to the ostrich, has a bit of a wandering eye when it comes to mating. But no one could accuse him of being an absentee dad. Each mating season, male rheas build a nest and invite the members of their harem, up to 15 females, to deposit their eggs. The females then go off to look for other mates while the male stays to incubate the clutch, which can contain 25 to 50 eggs. For six weeks the father eats little and rarely leaves the nest. He then rears the hatchlings, defending them aggressively and charging any animaleven a female rheathat approaches too closely.美洲鸵是南美洲一种不会飞的大鸟，鸵鸟的亲戚。雄性美洲鸵准备交配时，目光有点游离。但是，谁也不能指责它未尽父亲的责任。每到交配季节，雄性美洲鸵都会筑一个巢，邀请其多达15只的“后宫”成员来产卵。接着，雌性动身前去寻找其它雄性，而雄性则留下来孵蛋（可能有25至50只蛋）。在六个星期内，父亲吃的很少，也很少离开鸟巢。之后，他要抚养卵化的小鸟，积极地保护它们，并攻击任何过于接近的动物甚至包括雌性美洲鸵。5.Seahorse005.海马 Photograph by George Grall图片来源：George GrallIts true that male seahorses never play catch with their children or help them with their homework. But they do outdo human dads on one countby giving birth. Seahorses are among the only animal species on Earth in which the male bears the unborn young, a unique trait in these fish that inhabit tropical and temperate coastal waters worldwide.海马从来不和孩子们玩传球游戏，也不会帮它们做功课，这是事实。但是，它们有一方面比人类父亲做的好分娩。海马栖息在世界各地的热带和温带沿海水域，这些鱼类有个独特的功能，是地球上唯一由雄性孕育未出生幼仔的动物。Male seahorses are equipped with a brood pouch on their ventral, or front-facing, side. When mating, the female deposits her eggs into his pouch, and the male fertilizes them internally. He carries the eggs in his pouch until they hatch, then releases fully formed, miniature seahorses into the water.雄海马腹部（前面）有一个育儿袋。交配时，雌性将卵产在他的育儿袋中，雄性在袋内为其授精。这些卵一直呆在他的育儿袋中，直到孵化，随后由他把完全成形的小海马放入水中。6.Emperor Penguins006.帝企鹅 帝企鹅只生活在严酷的南极冰原，它们完全颠倒了传统的父母角色。在冬季繁殖季节，雌性企鹅产卵后就迅速离开，到海里觅食。为珍贵的卵保温的工作直接落到雄性的肩上准确地说，脚上。Males stand and protect the egg by balancing them on their feet and covering them with feathered skin known as a brood pouch. During this two-month period, the males eat nothing and are at the mercy of the Antarctic elements. Once the chick is hatched, the male feeds it with milk from a gland in his esophagus. When the female returns with a bellyful of food to regurgitate for the chick, the male heads off for his own feeding session at sea.雄性站在那里保护这个卵，用双脚保持它的平衡，并用被称为育儿袋的有羽毛的皮肤覆盖着它。在这两个月的时间里，雄性不吃不喝，任凭南极各种自然力量的摆布。小企鹅孵化后，雄性就用食管里一个腺体分泌的奶汁喂它。当雌性带着丰富的食物回来，吐给小企鹅吃时，雄性才离开，去海里为自己寻找食物。7.Just-Hatched Froglets007.刚孵化的幼蛙 Photograph by George Grall图片来源：George Grall：Doing his fatherly duty, a male Oreophryne frog in Papua, New Guinea, cradles his clutch and two newly hatched froglets. Each night the male Oreophryne embraces the egg mass, possibly to keep it moist or to protect it from small predators like insects.巴布亚新几内亚，一只雄性岳蛙在履行自己的父亲职责，拥抱着他的一窝卵和两只刚孵化的幼蛙。每天晚上，雄性岳蛙都要拥抱着这个卵块，可能是为了使它保持湿润，或防止它受到昆虫类小捕食者的攻击。8.African Lion008.非洲狮 Photograph by Chris Johns图片来源：Chris JohnsMale lions are a bit of a mixed bag when it comes to fathering. Notorious loungers, theyll lie in the shade, often ignoring their cubs, while the females risk life and limb on the hunt. When a kill is made, they show up and insist on being first to eat, sometimes leaving only scraps for the rest of the pride. Its not until his family is threatened that the males fatherly instincts kick in. Often charged with the welfare of a dozen lionesses and 20 or more cubs, a male lion will summon all his celebrated ferocity to protect his pride.谈到父性，雄狮有点好坏参半。它们懒的出了名，总是躺在阴凉处，常常忽视幼仔，而雌性却会冒着生命危险去猎食。杀死猎物后，雄狮才露面，而且坚持第一个进食，有时只给狮群中其它狮子留下一点残羹剩饭。只有当家族面临威胁时，雄性才会父性大发。一只雄狮往往拥有十几头雌狮和20或更多只幼狮的财富，它会投入自己拥有的所有暴力行为来保护自己的族群。9.Grizzly Bear009.灰熊 Photograph by John Eastcott and Yva Momatiuk图片来源：John Eastcott and Yva MomatiukTheres no getting around it: Male grizzly bears make bad dads. Male grizzlies take no part in the rearing of their offspring, which would be excusable if it werent for another trait: They will kill any grizzly bear cub they find within their range on the off chance that the baby is not their own. Theories abound, but scientists are at a loss to explain this infanticidal behavior.无法逃避：灰熊拥有坏父亲的名声。要是灰熊没有另一个恶劣品质它们会在活动范围内杀死可能不是自己孩子的任何小灰熊可以原谅它不参与抚养后代的工作。有关灰熊杀死小灰熊的说法有很多，但是科学家们无法解释这种杀婴行为的原因。10.Silverback Mountain Gorilla010.银背山地大猩猩 Photograph by Michael Nichols图片来源：Michael NicholsAdult male gorillas, called silverbacks, play the role of stern patrician. As th