Preposition(介词).doc

Preposition（介词）1、 介词概述介词是一种虚词，在英语中很活跃，特别是一些常用介词的搭配，可用来表示许多种意思，很多试题都是由介词和其他词构成的。介词是用来表示其后的名词或代词与橘子中的谓语、表语等其他成分的关系的。因此，掌握好介词是学好英语的关键。介词可分为三类：简单介词、合成介词和短语介词。1. in，on, at, to, by, of, about, off, over, with, near, down, past, along, before, after, above, during, between, across等等。2. into, onto, without, inside, outside 等等。3. in front of, from.to., next to, in the middle of, because of, at the end of, by the end of, at the back of 等等。2、 介词短语在句中的作用 介词不独立使用，也不单独从当句子成分，后面必须跟有名词、代词或相当于名词的短语及宾语从句。其构成统称介词短语，在句中可作状语、定语、表语或宾语补足语。1. 作状语 多放于动词之后或置于句首或句末。 Eg. She studies very hard in our class.2. 作定语 多放在名词或代词后面作后置定语。 Eg. I lost the key to the door of my room.3.作表语 多放在be动词或联系动词后。 Eg. Is your father still in good health.4.作宾语补足语 一般放在宾语之后。 Eg. We found the map quite out of date.三、常用介词短语的基本用法1.at (1).表示时间：在.时刻；在.点钟 at seven oclock at noon at midnight at dawn（在黎明） Eg. We have lunch at noon. (2).表示地点：在.（常用于较小的地点）at school at home Eg. We meet at the bus stop. (3).表示位置：在.旁边 Eg. There is a bag of rice at the door. (4).表示方向： Eg. He pointed at the boy in blue.2.in (1).表示时间：与年、月、周、季节、早晨、下午或晚上等名词连用。in 2013 in Octoberin a week in the morning /evening /afternoon in spring /summer /autumn /winter (2).表示地点、场所（多指大地点）： in Shanghai in Asia (3).表示穿着（衣服），戴着（帽子）： Eg. The girl in red is Li Mings elder sister. (4).表示用某种语言：Can you sing the song in English? (5).表示在.里面： in the box Eg. There is no bird in that big tree.3. on (1).表示时间：具体某一天 on Monday on May 1st on Sunday morning (2).表示位置：在.上面，与物体表面接触 Eg. The is a map on the wall. (3)表示“关于” Eg. We will have a talk on the history of the Party this afternoon. (4).引申意义，表示“从事.”,”处于.情形”。 Eg. They are on holiday.4. during (1)表示“在.时候”（某段时间内） Eg. Where are you going during the holiday? (2).表示“在.期间” Eg. He gave us a lot of help during his stay here.5. for (1).表示一段时间。 Eg. They have already been in Shanghai for two years. (2)表示目的、对象。 Eg. We have come here for the umbrella. / I wrote a letter for her. (3).表示目标、去向。 Eg. This is the train for Beijing. / We will leave for the country.6. about (1).表示“在.的周围”“在.的附近” Eg. Do you have any money about you? (2).表示“关于”“对于” Eg. He told me a story about Li Feng.7. after (1).表示时间“在.之后” after class /school the day after tomorrow after dinner (2).表示方式，“仿照”“依照” Eg. It is a play after Shakespeare.8. before (1).表示时间,“在.之前” Eg. I will be back before twelve oclock. (2).表示地点，“在.之前” Eg. We must not put the cart before the horse.9. to (1). 表示“朝.方向” Eg.All roads lead to Rome. (2).表示目的地 Eg. They went to Qingdao for holiday last year. (3).表示时间“到.,在.之前” Eg. It is five to ten now.10. by (1).表方位，“在.旁边”“在.附近” Eg. There is a park by the river. (2).表示时间，“最迟在.”“在.之前” Eg. I will be there by five oclock. (3)表示“被.”“由.” Eg. This kite was made by my father. (4)表示“依照”“根据” Eg. What time is it by your watch? (5)表示方式，“通过，凭借” Eg. We learn to swim by playing games.11. with (1).表示“和.一起” Eg. I will have dinner with my mother. (2).表示“用.” Eg.Please cut it with a knife. (3)表示“具有，带有” Eg. Everyone likes a person with good manners. (4).表示“关于，对于” Eg. Whats wrong with your bike?12. of （1）表示“属于.的” Eg.Can you see the wall of the city? (2).表示“（关于）.的” Eg. I have heard of her. (3).表示“.的数量和种类” a piece of paper two cups of coffee (4)表示“.的部分或全部” three of us the whole of China13. over (1).表示“在.上面” Eg. There is a bridge over the river. (2).表示“越过” Eg. He jumped over a ditch. (3).表示“遍及.” Eg. The good news spreads over the city.14. instead of 表示“代替” Eg. Instead of spending vacation in a hotel, why not hike in the country?15. because of 表示“因为.” Eg.They did not go because of the rain.4、 介词和动词的常见搭配arrive in /at ; ask for ; do well in ; get on/off ; hear from ; hear of/about ; help.with. ; agree with ; decide on ; hand in ; knock at/on ; pay for sth. ; prefer. to. ; regard.as. ; think about ; laugh at ; learn from ; leave for ; talk to/with ; go in for (从事，致力于）; put on ; look at ; speak to sb. ; send for ; shout at/to ; think of/about ; o. ; wait for ; listen to ; look after ; look for ; look like ; look around ; look over ; look through ; look into ; point to/at ; fill with ; begin with ;deal/do with ; meet with ; pass on ; belong to ; write to ; call on（号召;访问）; die of/ from ; depend on ; smile at ; believe in ; look about（向四周看，到处看）5、 介词和名词搭配in time ; in bed ; in front of ; in life ; on time ; on foot ; by bus ; at home ; in English ; in the middle of ; at night ; at noon ; with a smile ; of course ; in a hurry ; in a minute ; by the way ; on the way ; in the way ; at first ; at last ; at the moment ; at least ; on ones way to ; in the sun ; in the tree ; in surprise ; at once ; at the foot of ; on the other hand ; at dinner ; at the table ; at work ; at school ; at the back of ; at the end of ; at the same time ; by hand ; by the end of ; by train ; day by day ;one by one ; on the earth ; on show ; by the time ; in the air ; at the age of ; at sea ; on display ; in a low voice ; in a word ; in trouble ; in the end ; in no time ; in order to ; in town ; in silence ; out of breath ; out of sight ; on op of ; in public ; on the radio ; to this day ; to ones surprise ; be born in ; be good at /for /with ; be made of /from/in/by ; be angry with sb./be angry at sth. ;be pleased with sb. ; be satisfied with sth. ; be surprised at ; be used to ; be tired of ; be interested in ; be proud of ; be busy with ; be strict with sb. ; be strict in sth. ; be sure of ; be afraid of ; be far from ; have nothing to do with ; be worried about ; be famous for ; be late for ; be/get ready for 当堂训练1、 单项选择：1. -What would you do the lost library book? -I would try to pay it.A. for ; to B. about ; for C.with ; for D.with ; to2.- How are you going to meet your aunt at the airport Thursday morning? -I am going there my car.A. on ; in B. on ; by C.in ; by D.in ; in3. -When will she come back from her summer holiday? -I am not sure. Maybe a week.A. before B. in C.after D.at4. Its very nice you to help me.A. of B. for C.to D.with 5.-What should we buy Mum Mothers Day? -How about some flowers?A. for ; in B. to ;on C.for ; on D.to ;in6.-Whats the matter Mr. Liu ? He is wet through. His car run the river.A. with; into B. from ; in C.with ; to D.to ;at7.Doctor Bethune was well known his kindness to the sick and wounded soldiers.A. as B. of C.for D. To8. September 25,2008, Shenzhou was sent up into space successfully.A. In B. On C.At D. Of9.I heard the 2014 World Cup was held in Brazil June 13th July 15th.A. On ; and B. from ; to C.between ; on D.during ; to10.Everyone knows that Taiwan belongs China.A. for B.with C. to D.about11.After class, I like playing computer games and chatting my friends the Internet.A.to ; by B. with ; on C.for ; in D.about ;through12.Communication is very important in our life. It is a bridge the old and the young.A. across B. through C.between D.among13.The river goes the forest.A. throughout B. through C.between D.at14.Theres a bridge the river.A. under B. over C.on D.in15.Heres a letter you.A. at B. for C.of D.to 16.He turned the wallet to the policeman.A.in B.to C.over D.off17.Have some medicine and youll all right supper time.A. for B. by C.at D.since18.The big meeting room is full people.A. with B.of C.off D.by19.The basket was filled sand.A. of B. with C.by D.in20.It is wrong to laugh people when they are trouble.A. at; in B. over ;in C.with ; on D.of ; in21.Japan is the east of China and the east of Asia.A. in ; to B. to ; in C.on ; to D.at ;in22.The driver hit a man the car.A. in front of B. in the front of C.on front of D.on the front of23.Its important us to learn English well.A. for B. of C. to D.by24.The expert has written a book the history of Japan.A. about B.on C.over D.in25.His parents are angry him his coming home so late.A. for; of B. With ; for C.with ; of D.for ; at26.We are going to play No. Middle School.A. to B. from C.against D.for27.Did your mother send you something the end of last week?A. to B. by C.in D.at28.He left the cinema his friends.A. and B. with C.for D.towards29. the help of my teacher, Im doing better in English.A. Under B. In C.For D.with30.Thanks your help , I passed the English exam.A. for B. to C.with D.by二、完形填空AThe first day of school we were challenged to get to know a new classmate. I 41 around when a gentle hand touched my shoulder. I found a little 42 lady with a warm smile. She said, “Hi! Im 87 years old. Can I give you a hug? ” I laughed and heartily 43 , “Of course!” “Why are you in college at such a young, innocent (天真的)age?” I asked. She 44 replied, “Im here to meet a rich husband, get married, have children, and then travel around.” “ 45 ?”I asked. I wondered why she 46 this challenge at this age. “I always 47 having a college education and now Im getting one!” she told me. We became friends quickly. 48 , Rose became an icon(偶像) in the school and she easily made friends wherever she went. She loved to dress up and she enjoyed the 49 from the other students. At the end of the term we invited Rose to speak at our football party. Ill never forget what she 50 us. “We do not stop playing because we are old; we grow old 51 we stop playing. Here are the secrets to staying 52 . You have to laugh and find 53 every day. Youve got to have a dream. When you lose your dreams, you die. 54 we have many people like this walking around!” she said.“There is a huge 55 between growing older and growing up. Anybody can grow older. That doesnt 56 any gift or ability,” she added. “But growing up needs 57 the opportunity in change. Have no 58 . The old usually dont regret what they did, but rather things they did not do.”One week after graduation that year, Rose died peacefully in her sleep. She taught us 59 that its never too 60 to be all you can possibly be.41. A. stopped B. showedC. askedD. looked42. A. oldB. excitingC. strangeD. nervous43. A. addedB. refusedC. respondedD. offered44. A. slowlyB. jokinglyC. funnilyD. simply45. A. seriouslyB. wisely C. thrillingD. secretly46. A. took up B. put up C. took onD. put on47. A. dreamed to B. looked forward ofC. looked up toD. dreamed of 48. A. Over the year B. suddenly C. Once again D. As usual 49. A. jokesB. questions C. attentionD. followers50. A. determined B. taught C. requestedD. lectured51. A. whenB. because C. soD. although52. A. youngB. healthy C. growingD. developing53. A. goalsB. humor C. meaningD. inspirations54. A. UnfortunatelyB. Naturally C. GenerallyD. Fairly55. A. ending B. change C. cross D. difference56. A. useB. take C. compareD. prefer57. A. winningB. improving C. meeting D. finding58. A. doubtsB. fear C. regrets D. worry59. A. at lastB. by herself C. by example D. in practice60. A. lateB. old C. early D. YoungBRobert De Vincenzo, the great golfer (高尔夫球员), once _51 a competition. After receiving the check, he went to the club and prepared to leave. He walked alone to his car and _52 a young woman.The young woman stopped him and said congratulations on his _53 . Then she told him that her child was badly _54 and she was dying. But her family was poor. She did not know _55 she could pay the hospital bill.De Vincenzo was moved by her _56 , and gave his winning check to the woman. “ Make some good days for the _57 ,” he said as he put the check into her hand.The next week, he was having lunch in country club when a _58 came to his table. “Last week, some of the boys told me that you met a young woman after you won that competition.”De Vincenzo said, “_59 .”“Well,” said the policeman, “I have news _60 you. She does not have a sick baby. Shes not even married. She cheated (欺骗) you, my friend.”“You _61 there is no baby who is dying?” Said De Vincenzo.“Yes, thats _62 ,” said the policeman.“Thats the _63 news Ive heard all week,” De Vincenzo said happily. “Life is more important.”Good news or bad news? It depends on how you _64 things. You can be sad after being cheated. _65 you can choose to go on with your life bravely.51. A. lost B. won C. fell D. missed 52. A. hit B. got C. met D. saved 53. A dream B. money C. check D. success54. A. ill B. well C. strong D. healthy 55. A. who B. how C. why D. what 56. A. lesson B. story C. idea D. advice57. A. doctor B. nurse C. baby D. mother 58. A. boy B. coach C. woman D. policeman 59. A. Yes B. No C. Sorry D. Thanks60. A. at B. in C. for D. over 61. A. help B. show C. mean D. ask 62. A. good B. right C. wrong D. great63. A. best B. worst C. saddest D. poorest 64. A. put B. see C. take D. guess 65. A. Or B. So C. And D. But三、阅读理解填词Abo