step by step 第四册 unit1 答案.doc

F. The instinct for keeping useless objects / 175G. Mr Harris comes to see the headmaster / 176Vocabulary / 180 Acknowledgements/202unit1The Less Traveled PathPart 1Warming upAKey words: happy (happiness) Vocabulary: take stockYoure going to hear three men giving their views on happiness. Fill in the blanks with the words you hear.Tapescripts:Man 1What makes me happy is slowing down. I think that we live in a very fast, speedy world and we often forget to take stock and take time.Well, the problem with happiness is of course that sometimes when you are happy, you are infected with the spirit of the fact that its going to stop, so sometimes you cant enjoy happiness because you know its going to end.Man 2I think it is a very good thing to try and aim to be happy. Happiness is adifficult concept. Youre aiming for sort of contentment and satisfaction with a few moments of joy.And for me, like most people actually, what the evidence tells you isits about having good relationships and making time for them, so Im never happier than when Im with my wife and child and also having fulfilling and satisfying work.Man 3Again theres a wealth of evidence about this above a certain point wealth and possessions dont contribute to happiness. Of course theres a minimum, if youve just lost your job and you cant pay the mortgage, youre going to be miserable. But above a certain level, and its actually relatively low in a society like ours, money doesnt actually buy happiness.B Key words: childhood father motherVocabulary: house-proud / treatFour people are going to talk about their relationships with their parents. Write down the phrases they use to describe the relationships.Speaker 1not remember very much about childhood/not very close/not talk very muchSpeaker 2-get on very well with mum/tell her everything/talk veryopenlySpeaker 3 (mum) always tell me to do this and do that/(father) letme do what I wantSpeaker 4fond memories of childhood/do a lot as a family/a treatfor each of us/seemingly spoil usTapescripls:1. I dont remember very much about my childhood, actually. My wifes always asking me “ When you were a boy, did you use to ” and I reply “I dont know, I cant remember. ” We didnt. we didnt use to talk very much, we werent very close, or if we were, we didnt show it. I remember I used to have my hair cut every Friday. My father and I would go together. I had the shortest hair in the school. When theyd finished cutting it, theyd bum the ends with a sort of candle. Oh Ill never forget that smell.2. I got on very well with my mother. I used to tell her everything or nearly everything and shed talk to me very openly too. Sometimes shed say to me “Dont go to school today. Stay with me. ” And wed go out shopping or something like that.3. Im not a very tidy person, but my mothers very house-proud, so shes always telling me to pick things up and put them away, and do this and do that. She goes on for hours about “Cleanliness is next to godliness.” My father isnt like that at all. He lets me do what I want. I think hes learned not to pay attention.4. I have very fond memories of my childhood. To me it represented security. We used to do a lot together as a family. I remember walks, and picnics, and going for rides on a Sunday afternoon. Every Friday, when my father came home from work, he had a treat for each of us. My mother used to say he was spoiling us, but why not? It didnt do us any harm.Key words:armchairs bed dresser desk chair bookcase TV stereo speakers table lamp Vocabulary:dresser / diagonallyA young couple is moving into a small apartment. Write the name of eachpiece of furniture in its correct position on the floor plan.1. armchairs 2. bed 3. dresser 4. desk5. chair 6. bookcase 7. TV 8-1. stereo8-2. speaker 9. table lampTapescripts;Man M Woman WM; Gee, I dont remember it being this small. I thought the room was a lot bigger.W: So did I. But itll be OK once we get the furniture in. Look, why dont we put the armchairs in front of the fireplace?M: Yeah. Um, maybe we should decide really where the bed goes first. It is the biggest piece of furniture, after all . . .W: Right. Well, why dont we put the bed behind the door as you come in?M: Oh, yeah, thats a good idea. Um . we can put the bed in the comer.W: OK. Now, whats next?M: Well, how about the dresser?W: Why dont we put it across from the fireplace in the corner next to the closet? Im going to put it there now. Why dont you help me?M: Why dont you move it and Ill just watch.W; Oh, yeah, right. Come on, lift your end. Now dont scratch thefloor.M; OK, but its heavy.W; Whats in it? I thought you were supposed to empty out the drawers.M; Well, I didnt get around to that this morning . .W: Ah . . (Mm. ) didnt get around to it . . Let me see . . How does that look?M: It looks good.W: Hmm, now, where do you want your desk?M: Well, how about in the far comer between the two windows? I mean, I need lots of light.W: Do you think itll fit there?M: Well, itll probably fit if w . . we can put it diagonally.W; Oh,good idea. And then the chair can have its back to the fireplace. (Mm-hmm. ) Yeah, I could live with that. All right, what about the bookcase?M: Well, how about on the far wall between those two windows, I guess, so itll be right near the desk?W: Yeah, yeah, good idea. All right, where do you think the TV should go?M: How about in the comer to the left of the fireplace, so we can watch it from the armchairs? And we can put the stereo next to the TV with, uh, the speakers on either side of the fireplace.W; Terrific! Now, let me see, what else is there?M: Well, theres the table lamp.W: Well, the table lamp should go on top of the dresser. Hold it a minute, Im . . Im trying to find the outlet . . You know, that really looks nice.M: Mm-hmm. Looking at the desk, though, I think I may need some more light to work. Well, I could buy a desk lamp.W: Good idea. You know, the place really looks good.M: Yeah.W: You want to put your books in the bookcase now, or do you want to wait for . . .Part II Opting for a slower pace of life in the 21st centuryKey words: life fast slow down Vocabulary:embrace / drenchNow listen to the first part of a report on how some people opt for a slower pace of life in the 21st century. Read the outline first. While listening, focus on some supporting details. Then answer the questions.I. IntroductionII. Experience of journalist Carl HonoreA. life in the old days a breathless race with timeB. wake up call three years agoC. reasons for slowing downQuestions:1. Can you write down the words which describe Carl Honors life in the old days?A breathless race with time/speedaholic/a long list of things to do/ obsessed with saving time2. What is that wake up call for Carl Honore?Three years ago/reading bedtime stories to his 3-year-old son/speed- reading/gone too far3. What are some of the reasons given by Carl Honors for slowing down? Improve the quality of life/more slowly better productivity up/ at the right speedTapescript:As you may have noticed life is fast-paced. We travel on bullet trains and jets. News comes to us at the speed of light. And with cell phonesand the Internet and of course, fast food, most people rush through their days, trying to do more in less and less time. But not everyone. Some people are trying to slow down, and instead of racing through life, actually experience it.Journalist Carl Honore admits that not long ago his life was a breathless race with time. “In the old days, when I was a speedaholic, if you like, my whole life was just a long list of things to do. ”To finish all those tasks, day after day, Mr Honors says he became obsessed with saving time wherever he could . a minute here, a few seconds there. He says people usually dont realize that their whole life has turned into an exercise in “hurry up” until they get a wake up call . . and something stops them in their tracks.Mr Honors wake up call came three years ago when he began reading bedtime stories to his 3-year-old son. “Id go into his room at the end of the night and I just couldnt slow down. Id be speed-reading The Cat in the Hat, which is ridiculous. I heard about a series of books called One-Minute Bedtime Stories, which is a horrible idea, but my first reaction was, What a great idea, I must get some. Thats when I caught myself, and I just thought No, this has gone too far. ”To improve the quality of life, Mr Honore says, people need to embrace what he calls “the philosophy of slow. ” “I think that one of the cultural assumptions we make nowadays is that slow is bad and that slowing down means being lazy, or unproductive or giving up. But the opposite is true. Now, more than ever in this high-tech 24/7 technology- drenched society, we need moments of slowness. When you work more slowly you actually work better, your productivity goes up. So you know, sometimes you have to go fast at work. People need to do things at the right speed. They need to re-leam the lost art of shifting gears. ”B Key words: slow movements Slow Food designVocabulary: ceramicNow listen to the second part of the report. Complete the outlineIII。 Slow movementsIII. Slow Food1. Purpose: against the spread of the fast food culture world/ how foods related to culture2. membership; 13,000 in US/80,000 in 60 countries3. Product design reflecting slowness4. product name: Broken White a set of white ceramic dinner dishes5. designer; Dutch industrial designer Simon Heijdens6. features of the productsover the course of the use/cracks/ floral patterns / ( those) on grandmothers china7. Conclusion Slowing down not easy worth the effortTapescriptThe philosophy of slow is a worldwide phenomenon, and a variety of slow movements are redefining our relationship with time, One of those groups is Slow Food. Makale Faber is spokeswoman for its US chapter, “The organization has always been kind of against the fast food culture around the world. But its more than just the food We really kind of educate consumers about how foods are related to culture. Its also about this industrial life, which you know, has changed the culture of many work places. People are multi-tasking, doing several jobs at once, not being able to take time to have lunch during workday or vacations. ”Slow Food now has 13,000 members in the United States and more than 80,000 in 60 countries around the world. Other organizations movement focus on business, exercise or product design.One design that reflects slowness is a line of products call Broken White by Dutch industrial designer Simon Heijdens.“Its actually a set of dinner dishes, white ceramic dishes. They appear to be just white plates, bowls and mugs, but over the course of their use they begin to develop these very small cracks. And as they continue to be used, the cracks reveal themselves to be floral patterns, which you might find on your grandmothers china. And so you have a stronger attachment to those products. And you re less likely to dispose of them because they are actually carrying an expression of your relationship with them.”With the slow movement now spreading across the globe, In Praise of Slowness author Carl Honor says he hopes the worlds hurry-up, impatient lifestyle will start to relax. However, he acknowledges that slowing down is not something people can do quicklyand, with all the pressure on us to go even faster, it is not always easy. But, he says, it is worth the effort.FamilyKey words: family extended nuclear polygamy divided inheritance customs vocabulary:polygamy / intactListen to the passage and complete the outline with the information you hear.The FamilyI. Functions of familyA.Providing necessities of lifeB.Offering affectional joys C.Raising children to adulthoodD.Giving protection in times of emergencyII. patterns of familyA. Extended family uncles, aunts, cousins and in-laws B. Nuclear family a husband, wife and their childrenC. Polygamous household a husband, several wives and their childrenD. Divided residence husband and wife living separately with children raised by mothers brotherE. Nayar way of living brothers and sisters and sisters children * Communal living group persons not biologically relatedIII. Factors influencing family structureA. Economic conditionse. g. No aid from society or state extended familyB. Industrialization and urbanizatione. g. Creation of many specialized jobs nuclear familyC. Inheritance customse. g. 1. Property inherited by eldest son2. Property inherited by all of the sonsTapescript;Throughout history the basic unit of almost every human society has been the family. The members of the family live together under the same roof, they share the economic burdens of life as well as its affectional joys, and it is the family which has primary responsibility for the important task of raising children to adulthood.The family is not a uniform concept in all societies. In many places it is an extended group which includes uncles, aunts, cousins and in-laws. The family head usually has considerable influence in arranging marriages, selecting careers and determining all important moves and purchases by any member of the family. Particularly in conditions where society or the state does not give aid and where consequently the responsibilities of the family are greater, this larger group provides better protection in times of economic or other emergency.In many other societies, including most industrialized ones, the “nuclear family” is the basic social unit. This term refers to a husband and wife united through marriage and their dependent children, whether natural or adopted. Industrialization and urbanization create many specialized jobs which tend to scatter family members among different employers and thus to separate residences as soon as they become wage earners. The small family, which has only one or if the wife works also, two employed members, is better able to adapt to rapid change and to move when the job moves.The nuclear family is almost universal and the nuclear group of father, mother and their children is recognized even when it is part of an extended family. There are cases, however, which strain the definition. Polygamy, for example, brings several wives and their children into the picture. But polygamous households are not common in any society. More difficult to explain are the cases of divided residence. Among the Ashanti people of Africa, where the wife and husband do not reside together, the child gets training and affection from the mothers brother and learns that his mothers husband is “not his family. ” An even stranger situation existed with the Nayar of India before being changed by outside influence. There the household consisted of brothers and sisters and the sisters children. The sisters were not married and the brothers simply took care of whatever children their sisters had.Inheritance customs also have an influence on the structure of the family. In England the farm was passed on to the eldest son in order to keep the family land intact. Younger sons had to go out and start a new farm or join the army or move to town and take up a trade. They provided a large part of the labor supply during Englands industrialization process. In many areas of the European continent all of the sons shared equally in the inheritance and more extended households were common.Although the exact form varies from place to place and time to time, we can say that the family is the original and the most natural social group. The ties we develop by long intimate association with the small group of persons who are biologically related to us cannot be matched in any of the forms of communal living which are tried every now and then.Part4 listen and relaxkey words: identical twin children physical diverge adolescence identity complement common interests clash same college differentVocabulary: diwerge/quirkYou re going to hear a story of an identical twin. Listen and enjoy. Tapescript;I am an identical twin and as children we looked exactly identical. So identical that we had to wear initials on our shirts so that teachers could tell us apart in school. And I think thats quite often the case with identical twins that when they are young children they tend to be more identical physically than when they grow up and I think that twins tend to diverge more as they get into adolescence and then into adulthood.And I think it reaches its climax when youre an adolescent because as an adolescent you are striving to be an individual but of course everybody looks upon you as one of a pair, so you have this real problem of identity.My theory is that twins actually look alike physically but often they complement each other when it comes to their personalities and natures, if you like. And I think in our experience we complemented each other, we were the mirror image of each other. So my brother was more introvert. was more academic, schoolish. I was, perhaps, or still am, you know, extrovert, more extrovert than him. And I think thats what we carried through our childhood really.As children going through primary school we