人教版必修一Unit 5 Nelson Mandelaa modern hero reading课时作业 (1).docx

unit 5 nelson mandela-a modern hero reading课时作业阅读理解a1. according to the passage, we are supposed to _. a. try our best to reply to e-mails as soon as possible b. avoid some annoying practices while e-mailing c. delete improper expressions and patterns in e-mails d. highlight our messages by using the techniques mentioned2. what can we learn from the passage? a. we can fill the subject line with hey rather than leave it blank. b. times new roman is so old-fashioned that we should change it. c. signing names, we can include name, title, social network links, etc. d. when we offer congratulations to others, using caps is acceptable.3. the underlined phrase “cry wolf” means “_”. a. give a false alarmb. mark a wrong punctuation c. have evil intentionsd. express your sorrowbwhat do you do when somebody hurts you? do you want to hurt that person back, or do you hold it against them for the rest of your life? if you answered “yes” to these questions, know that you are like most people. to forgive is something that most people generally have difficulty with.people dont forgive readily, because it is easier to hate than to forgive. some people think to forgive is a sign of weakness, but actually to forgive takes courage and effort.forgiveness is a gift from a generous heart. it is not a reward for good behavior. it is not based on whether the person deserves it or whether the person has asked for it.besides, forgiveness is an act and a process, which often takes time. the deeper your pain, the longer it usually takes to completely forgive. it is an act because it is not just the words you say, but also your actions which show if youve truly forgiven someone.forgiveness is necessary because it releases you from the burden of bitterness and hate. it takes a lot of energy to hate and to keep that hate in place. hate puts unnecessary stress on your body. it is a well-known fact, proven by numerous studies, that bitterness and hate can actually make you sick. the moment that affected people forgive and let go of their hate, they will start to get well. forgiveness brings freedom, whereas revenge (报复) is neither sweet nor satisfying.i have personal experience of this. i used to be very cynical about life and didnt forgive easily. at the time, i also struggled in every area of my life. things just didnt seem to work out for me. it is as if everything that could go wrong, always went wrong. that was until somebody told me to take a look at my attitude. and when i forgave those who wronged me and changed my attitude, everything else changed. it didnt happen overnight. it took a while, but i could see and feel the difference.are things not working out in your life, despite you doing all the “right” things? is it possible that you are holding “unforgiveness” in your heart? it is worth thinking about. by leonard j. roost4. why is it hard for people to forgive?a. forgiveness means not giving in.b. forgiveness depends on good behavior.c. forgiveness needs good will from both sides.d. forgiveness requires courage and generosity.5. what can we conclude from the text?a. hate may actually cause illness.b. revenge helps to reduce the hate in your heart.c. when you feel sick, it makes it difficult to hate.d. hate goes away when you say you will forgive.6. which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?a. b. c. d. i: introduction p: point sp: sub-point (次要点) c: conclusioncsome mice can easily remember where they hide food, but not those genetically engineered to develop alzheimers disease. like humans they become forgetful. by the time these mice are seven months old they are unable to remember, for example, which part of a maze they have explored before. two months later, their brains are filled with protein “plaques” that also characterise the latter stage of the disease in humans. now researchers have managed to restore memories to mice with alzheimers. this helps provide more evidence about how memories are lost during the early stages of the disease and may point to how, some time in the future, those memories might be brought back. susumu tonegawa and his colleagues at the massachusetts institute of technology used a technique known as optogenetics, which activates neurons (神经元) by shining light on them. as they report in nature, the researchers prepared seven-month-old alzheimers mice by injecting a harmless virus into the rodents dentate gyrus (齿状回区), a part of the hippocampus that helps to store fearful memories. the virus contains a gene for channelrhodopsin-2, a light-sensitive protein which forms pores (毛孔) in the cell membranes of neurons infected with the virus. these pores are closed in the dark, but open in response to blue light, flooding neurons with positively charged ions. the resulting pulse of current makes the neurons fire. using a standard lab test of memory, a mouse was placed in a box and given a small electrical shock to its feet. normal mice remember this and freeze in fear if put back in the box the following day, but mice with alzheimers jump about as usual. yet when the researchers stimulated (刺激) the dentate gyrus of these mice with blue light, they also froze, suggesting that they were now able to recall the original shock. holding on to a fearful memory in the long term, however, requires the brain to strengthen the nerve connections that link memory of the box to experience of the shock. this long-term strengthening process goes away in the brains of alzheimers patients. consistent with this idea, the alzheimers mice did not freeze when placed in the box but only when their neurons were illuminated (照射). to help the alzheimers mice keep their memory of the electric shock, the team flashed their dentate gyrus with blue light at 100 hertz, a frequency known to induce long-term strengthening. after this the alzheimers mice froze in the box for at least six continuous days, suggesting they were able to remember the shock themselves. dr tonegawas team found that stimulating neurons in the dentate gyrus other than those directly involved with holding the fear memory prevented alzheimers mice from remembering their shocks in the long term. that suggests that unless the technique can be refined, deep-brain stimulation may not be effective.7. which of the following is the main finding of the research? a. it provides more evidence and possible ways to recover lost memories. b. it tells us the influence of lost memories on mice. c. it proves that mices brains are full of protein “plaques”. d. it provides us with the way to do the experiment.8. which of the following statements about hippocampus is true? a. it is a light-sensitive protein. b. it contains a gene for channelrhodopsin-2. c. it helps to memorize bad experience. d. it is a harmless virus injected into the mice.9. _ will not have the reaction of fear when placed in the box again? a. mice given an electrical shockb. mice with alzheimer disease c. the mice stimulated by blue lightd. the mice with neurons illuminated10. why is it hard for mice with alzheimer to keep a fearful memory in the long run? a. because their brain cant strengthen certain nerve connections. b. because the mice were given a small electrical shock to its feet. c. because their dentate gyrus need flashing with blue light at 100 hertz. d. because the nerve connections linking the memory disappear in the brain.dfor the second time in two years, an american has won one of the most respected global awards in literature. at a ceremony in london on tuesday night, george saunders accepted the 2017 man booker prize forlincoln in the bardo, his first novel. the book is an impressive and experimental ghost story set in 1862. it explores the death of willie lincoln, president abraham lincolns 11-year-old son, who died of fever during the second year of the civil war. saunders, a tibetan buddhist, imagines willies experiences in the “bardo,” a buddhist state between the worlds of the living and the dead where willie communicates with other dead souls, and where he watches his father visit his entombed body.writing inthe guardianearlier this year, saunders described the process of creating the novel: “there is something wonderful in watching a figure appear from the stone, feeling the presence of something within you . and also beyond yousomething consistent, willful, kind and generous, that seems to have a plan, which seems to be: to lead you to your own higher ground.”saunders was the bookmakers favorite to win the award, but the victory by an american writer immediately after paul beatty claimed the prize for his novelthe selloutis controversial. before 2014, the man booker was qualified only to writers from the commonwealth and the republic of ireland. the decision to allow american writers to enter has disappointed authors including a.s. byatt and julian barnes, who argue that the awards main purpose was giving exposure to writers who were little-known in the broader american literary market. “the americans have got enough prizes of their own,” barnestoldtheradio timeslast year. ron charles, the book critic forthe washington post, has alsoargued against the inclusion of americans. “for any serious reader of fiction in this country,” charles wrote in september, “the americanization of the booker prize is a lost opportunity to learn about great books that havent already been publicly announced.”baroness young,the telegraphreported, stated that the judging panel was concerned only with the worth of the books on the shortlist(入围名单), which also includedmohsin hamids refugee parableexit west, paul austers complex epic4321, emily fridlunds coming-of-age talethe history of wolves,and fiona mozleys rural fableelmet. “were only concerned with the book and what that book is telling us,” young said. “nationality is just not an issue.” for saunders, the prize is an extraordinary recognition of his first attempt into full-length novels. the 58-year-old writer was previously best-known for his short stories, which have won him four national magazine awards for fiction and a macarthur fellowship. he came to writing relatively late in life after studying geophysical engineering and working as a technical writer until 1996. the idea forlincoln in the bardocame to him, hewroteinthe guardian, during a visit to washington, d.c., when his wife told him the story of a grief-stricken president lincoln visiting willies tomb to hold his sons body. saunders has often noted that the experience of writing for him feels like a way to transform pain and division into something positive. the author zadie smith,speaking with saunders forinterview, noted that “what sets him apart is his willingness not only to go into the heart of darkness but to suggest possible routes out.”11. ron charles words intended to tell us that _. a. saunders novel lincoln in the bardo was not serious b. the man booker shouldnt include works written by american c. the man booker lost the opportunity to lear