英语国家社会与文化 复习资料.docVIP

2013届英语国家社会与文化期末复习题I. Explain the following terms: 1. Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin was one of the founding fathers of the United States of America. He participated in writing the Declaration of Independence and making the US Constitution. 2. King ArthurIt is said that he was the King of England in the 15th century and united the British and drove the Saxons back with his magical sword, Excalibur. His real existence is in doubt. He is the central figure of many legendsII. Choose the best answer. 1. The first inhabitants in Britain were _.A. the Normans B. the Celts C. the Iberians D. the Anglo-Saxons2. The largest lake in Britain is _. A. the Lough Neage B. Windermere Water C. Coniston Water D. the Lake District 3. Which part of Britain is always fighting? A. England B . Scotland C. Wales D. Northem Ireland 4. The Tories were the forerunners of _ , which still bears the nickname today. A. the Labour Party B. the Liberal Party C. the Social Democratic Party D. the Conservative Party 5. Martin Luther King, Jr., a young black clergyman, became a national leader of the _ Movement. A. Boycott B. Civil Rights C. Segregation D. Integration6. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by _. A. James Madison B. Thomas Jefferson C. Alexander Hamilton D. George Washington7. The Renaissance began in _ in the early _ century.A. England, 14 B. England, 15C. Italy, 14 D. Italy, 158. In the 18th century, there appeared _ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines. A. the Industrial Revolution B. the Bourgeois RevolutionC. the Wars of the Roses D. the Religious Reformation7. British Recorded history began with _. A. Roman invasion B. the Norman Conquest C. the Viking and Danish invasion D. the Anglo-Saxons invasion 8. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can _ by law. A. receive completely free education B. receive partly free education C. receive no free education if their families are rich D. receive no free education at all 9. With regard to its size, the USA is the _ country in the world. A. largest B. second largest C. third largest D. fourth largest10. On July 4, 1776, _ adopted the Declaration of Independence. A. the First Continental Congress B. the Second Continental Congress C. the Third Continental Congress D. the Constitutional Convention11. Where is the best agricultural land in Britain? A. In the southeast of England. B. In the northeast of England. C. In the southeast of Scotland. D. In the northeast of Scotland.12. In the aerospace industry, which of the following countries is ahead of Britain ？A. Germany. B. The U.S. C. Russia. D. France.13. Which company became an important aero-engine manufacturer after WWI?A. Boeing. B. Rolls Royce.14. Uncle Toms Cabin and Roots are two novels which give a vivid description of the miserable life of the _. A. early settlers B. Puritans C. native Indians D. black slaves15. Which company became an important aero-engine manufacturer after WWI? A. Boeing. B. Rolls Royce. C. McDonnel-Douglas. D. Hawker-Siddeley Aviation.16. Three of the following universities have large endowments from wealthy benefactors. Which is the exception ? A. Harvard University B. the State University of New York C. Yale UniversityD. Princeton University17. Both public and private universities depend on the following sources of income except _. A. investment B. student tuition C. endowments D. government funding18. Which of the following countries is the last to come out of recession?A. Germany. B. Japan.C. Britain. D. France.19. Which of the following book is written by Geoffrey Chaucer？ A. The Canterbury Tales B. Beowulf C. King Lear D. Morte D Arthur20. Which of the following did NOT belong to Romanticism ? A. Keats. B. Shelley. C. Wordsworth. D. Defoe.21. Which of the following is a tragedy written by Shakespeare ? A. Doctor Faustus. B. Macbeth. C. Frankenstein. D. The Tempest. 22. The following were the main Reformation leader except _. A.Martin Luther B. Martin Luther King C. John Calvin D. The English King Henry VIII23. In Britain, the great majority of parents send their children to _A. private school. B. independent schools.C, state school. D. public school.24. Which of the following is privately funded university in Britain ? A. The University of Cambridge. B. The University of Oxford. C. The University of Edinburgh. D. The University of Buckingham.25. In the examination called “ the 11 plus”, students with academic potential go to _ A. grammar school B. comprehensive schools C. public schools D. technical schools26. In Britain most advertising is carried _ A. in newspaper. B. in magazines. C. on television D. on radio.27. Which of the following is the British oldest daily newspaper ? A. The Telegraph B. The news of the World. C. The Guardian. D. The Times. 28. Which of the following was NOT a denomination of Protestantism ? A. Catholics. B. Puritains. C. Quakers. D. Church of England.29. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Open University ? A. Its open to everyone. B. It requires no formal educational qualifications. C. No university degree is awarded. D. University courses are followed through TV, radio，correspondence，etc.30. Which of the following statements was correct around the time of the American Revolution ?A. The American had the mixed blood of Europeans or their descendants.B. The American had the mixed blood of Europeans with American Indiana.C. The American had the mixed blood of Europeans with blacks.D. The American had the mixed blood of English and their descendants only.31. There are some _ universities, including the Open University. A. 900 B. 290 C. 90 D. 5032. The expenditure in American public school is guided or decided by_.A. teachers.B. the students.C. headmasters.D. boards of education.33. In the United States school system, which of the following division is true ?A. Elementary school, grammar school B. Elementary school, junior high school . C. Elementary school, secondary schoolD. Junior high school, senior high school.34. What did Frank Whittle do in 1937? A. He invented the first jet plane. B. He developed the first jet engine.C. He made the first powered flight. D. He made the trans-Atlantic flight.35. All the following universities and colleges are located in New England, except _. A. Yale B. Harvard C. Oxford D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology36. The Prime Minister is appointed by _ and he or she always sits in _. A. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of Commons B. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of Lords C. the Queen, the House of Commons D. the Queen, the House of Lords 37. In _, a small group of Puritans sailed from _ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the North America.A. 1620, London B. 1620, Plymouth C. 1720, London D. 1720, Plymouth 38. President Jefferson bought _ from France and doubled the countrys territory. A. New MexicoB. the Louisiana Territory C. KansasD. Ohio 39. The Declaration of Independence came from the theory of British philosopher _. A. Paul RevereB. John Locke C. CornwallisD. Frederick Douglass40. The English Civil War is also called _. A. the Glorious RevolutionB. the Bloody Revolution C. the Catholic RevolutionD. the Puritan Revolution 41. According to American historians and specialists in demography, there are _ great population movement in the history of the United States. A. two B. three C. four D. fivePart III. Translate the following into Chinese: 10%Norman Conquest 诺曼底征服King Alfred 阿尔弗雷德国王Julius Caesar 尤利乌斯凯撒Constitutional monarchy 君主立宪制度The Monarchy 君主制The House of Lords 上议院The House of Common 下议院The battle of Hastings 黑斯廷斯战役Parliament 议会，国会 The Great Charter 大宪章The Glorious Revolution 光荣革命The Wars of Rose 玫瑰战争Bloody Mary 血腥玛丽The Great lakes 五大湖Puritanism 清教主义Pilgrims Progress 天路历程Joan of Arc 圣女贞德Robinson Crusoe 鲁宾逊漂流记 The Origin of Species 物种起源 The English Renaissance 英国文艺复兴 Francis Bacon 弗兰西斯培根 the Enclosure Movement 圈地运动 The Black Death 黑死病The Industrial Revolution 工业革命 The Declaration of Independence 独立宣言 George Washington 乔治华盛顿Thatcherism 撒切尔主义Winston Churchill 温斯顿丘吉尔The Marshall Plan 马歇尔计划The New Deal （罗斯福）新政public schools 公立学校comprehensive schools 综合学校VI. Translate the following into Chinese: 1. The first English settlement in North America The first English permanent settlement was organized in 1607 by the London Company with a charter from the English King. The Colonists settled in Virginia and survived by imposing strict discipline on themselves and by transplanting tobacco into colony of Virginia. In 1619, the settlers elected their delegates and set up the House of Burgesses, and the same time they bought and enslaved black servants. These two events greatly influenced the political and social development of the United States later.2. The Open University The Open University was founded in Britain in the 1960s for people who might not get the opportunity for higher education for economic and social reasons. It open to everyone and does not demand the same formal educational qualifications as the other universities. University courses are followed through TV, radio, correspondence, video and a net work of study centres. At the end of their st