人教版必修三Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars Reading学案.docx

unit 4 astronomy- the science of the stars reading学案.重点单词1 n天文学2 n系统；体系；制度3 n宗教；宗教信仰 adj.宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔诚的4 adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的 n暴力；暴行5 n大气层；气氛6 prep.与不同；不像7 adj.基本的；基础的8 adj.有害的 n& vt.损害；危害9 vi.& vt.乘；增加10 vi.生存；存在11 adv.因此；于是12 vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难；n.谜；难题.重点短语1 及时；终于2 冷却；使变凉；使缓和；平静下来3 下蛋4 产生；分娩5 轮到某人6 阻止；制止7 依靠；依赖；取决于.重点句式1be to do.表示将要发生的动作what was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到3845亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢形成了一个固体的球状物。2make宾语宾补this produced a chain reaction，which .这就产生了一种连锁反应，使得生命的发展成为可能。3过去分词短语作后置定语others， ，were able to live on land as well as in the water.另一些，被称作两栖动物，既能生活在水中，也能生活在陆地上。4too.to.as a result of this，many scientists believe the earth may become .由于这个原因，许多科学家相信地球可能会变得太热而不能居住。5whether引导主语从句so on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.所以在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续下去将取决于这个问题能否得到解决。.根据课文内容判断正(t)、误(f)1human beings have known the origin of the earth clearly so far.()2the appearance of water made it possible for plants and animals to live on the earth.()3plants first appeared on land and then in the water.()4dinosaurs existed on the earth for over 140 thousand years.()5it is human beings that are not looking after the earth very well and have caused global warming.().课文阅读理解1why was life able to develop on the earth but not on other planets?abecause the earth had a solid shape.bbecause the earth did not have harmful gases in its atmosphere.cbecause water stayed on the earth but not on other planets.dbecause the earth was neither too hot nor too cold.2why was it necessary for plants to grow before animals?abecause animals needed plants to protect them from the sun.bbecause plants provided oxygen for animals to breathe.cbecause animals could hide from hunters in the forest.dbecause it was easier for plants to grow.3what is the correct order according to the passage?the clever animals with hands and feet appeared and spread all over the earth.the “big bang”small plants began to appear on the surface of the water.65 million years ago，the age of the dinosaurs ended.a bc d4early humans appeared after dinosaurs died out million years later.a67.6 b62.4c65 d1405what is the main idea of the text?athe formation of the earth.bthe arrival of humans and their impact on the earth.cthe development of plants and animals on the earth.dthe origin of life on the earth.重点词汇1they were in time to produce carbon dioxide，nitrogen，water vapour and other gases，which were to make the earths atmosphere.它们最终产生了二氧化碳、氮、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。归纳拓展in time及时；终于；迟早in time for sth./to do sth.来得及(做)；及时(做)in no time立即，立刻at a time依次；逐一；每次at no time在任何时候都不；决不(置于句首时，主句使用部分倒装)at one time曾经，一度at times有时，偶尔on time按时，准时语境助记(1)i was just in time for the flight.我刚好及时赶上了那班飞机。(2)at no time should you give up studying.在任何时候你都不应放弃读书。(3)everyone may make mistakes at times.每个人都会不时犯错误。题组训练单句语法填空(1)why are you in a hurry to leave here?get home in time (bethe) the children.(2)these buses are never time and the passengers are always complaining.(3)he rushed out of the kitchen no time when he heard the shout.(4)you cant imagine this lake used to be a beautiful place in our city one time.2water had also appeared on other planets like mars but，unlike the earth，it had disappeared later.在其他行星比如火星上也都出现了水，但和地球不同的是，这些水后来都消失了。归纳拓展(1)unlike prep.与不同；不像；adj.不同的，不相似的(2)unlikely adj.不大可能的(3)likely adj.可能的it is likely that.有可能be likely to do sth.可能做某事语境助记(1)for example，unlike the child，mommy actually doesnt like dove chocolate.(2016浙江)例如，不像孩子，妈妈实际上不喜欢德芙巧克力。(2)this is unlikely to be the whole story.情况可能并非完全如此。(3)it is likely that he will be in beijing this autumn.今年秋天他可能在北京。题组训练(1)用所给词的正确形式填空if you find something you love doing outside of the office，youll be less likely (bring) your work home.(2016全国)he might come，but its very (like) (like) his brother，he is more careful and friendly.(2)一句多译他有可能参加会议。 he will attend the meeting.he the meeting.3it was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.水对生命的发展会起关键作用，这一点在当时并不明显。归纳拓展(1)fundamental adj.基本的；基础的；根本的be fundamental to sth.对必不可少/至关重要(2)fundamentally adv.根本上，完全地语境助记(1)there is a fundamental difference between the two points of view.这两个观点有根本区别。(2)a knowledge of chinese is fundamental to any understanding of this problem.汉语知识对于理解这个问题是必不可少的。(3)they are good friends even though their views on many things are fundamentally different.他们虽然对很多事情的看法完全不同，但还是好朋友。题组训练单句语法填空(1)fresh air is fundamental good health.(2)we all hope the situation of the world economy will be changed (fundamental) this year.4what many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。归纳拓展(1)harmful adj.有害的be harmful to对有害(2)harm n& v损害；危害do.harm/do harm to.对有害there is no harm (in) doing sth.it does no harm (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)做某事无害处。语境助记(1)the haze is harmful to your health.雾霾对你的健康有害。(2)whether it will do us harm remains to be seen.它是否对我们有害还有待证实。(3)light pollution does harm to the eyesight of animals.光污染对动物的视力有害。(4)there is no harm in giving up smoking.戒烟没有害处。题组训练(1)用所给词的正确形式填空global warming is (harm) to some plants.it does no harm (lie) on the beach in summer.(2)一句多译喝酒太多对你的健康伤害很大。drinking too much your health.drinking too much your health.5they laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.它们也下蛋，并且在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。归纳拓展(1)exist vi.存在；生存exist on靠生活/生存exist in存在于中there exist(s)/existed.某地有；存在(2)existence n存在；生存come into existence(begin to exist)产生；成立in existence现存的，存在的语境助记(1)cars and horses couldnt travel on the snowy roads.jet airplanes and big trucks didnt exist yet.(2016北京)大雪覆盖了道路，汽车和马都不能通行，喷气式飞机和大卡车还不存在。(2)sudan came into existence at the end of the 1800s.苏丹国于19世纪末开始形成。(3)the bridge is the oldest in existence.这座桥是现存最古老的。题组训练(1)单句语法填空the house has been in (exist) for many years.to be honest，i can hardly exist the wage im getting.there (exist) an old tree in that small village.few of these monkeys still exist the wild.(2)句型转换no one knows how this world began to exist.no one knows how this world .6these animals were different from all life forms in the past，because they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.这些动物不同于以往所有的生物形式，因为它们能从体内生出幼子并给幼子哺乳。归纳拓展give birth to产生；分娩；引发；造成by birth血统上；生来，天生地at birth出生时语境助记(1)religious differences between them gave birth to a war.他们之间的宗教分歧引发了一场战争。(2)the woman gave birth to a lovely baby last night.这个女人昨晚生下了一个可爱的婴儿。题组训练用适当的介词填空(1)mary was said to be african birth.(2)the overweight boy weighed 4.85 kilograms birth.(3)she has just given birth a healthy baby girl.7thus they have，in their turn，become the most important animals on the planet.于是他们接着成为了这个行星上最重要的动物。归纳拓展in ones turn接着；轮到某人in turn依次，轮流；反过来take turns to do sth.轮流做某事。its ones turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事。语境助记(1)they，in their turn，made some advice for the plan.他们接着为这项计划提了一些建议。(2)when it is in my turn，im too excited to speak.当轮到我时，我激动得说不出话来。(3)lets take turns to drive the car.让我们轮流来开车吧。题组训练单句语法填空(1)she will， her turn，be on duty tomorrow.(2)the children took their turns (paint) the wall.(3)all theories are from practice and turn serve practice.(4) is our turn to do the washing.8they are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere，which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。归纳拓展prevent.(from) doing sth.阻止做某事，另外，与这种结构相似的有stop sb./sth.(from) doing sth.；keep sb./sth.from doing sth.(from不可以省略)。注意：在被动语态中，这三个短语中的from都不能省略。语境助记(1)the heavy rain prevented us going on，but we didnt lose heart.大雨阻止了我们前进，但是我们并不灰心。(2)no one can prevent this plan from being carried out.谁也不能阻止这个计划的实施。(3)lynns parents tried to stop her seeing him.林恩的父母企图阻止她和他见面。题组训练完成句子(1)他被阻止执行那个计划。he carrying out that plan.(2)你不能阻止事情发生。you wont keep the things .(3)这个计划能被阻止执行。the plan can be prevented .9so whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.所以，在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续下去将取决于这个问题能否得到解决。归纳拓展depend on/upon依靠；依赖；取决于依靠某人做某事depend on/upon it that.相信/指望that/it (all) depends.依情况而定。语境助记(1)the effects of gossip vary depending on the situation.(2016浙江)闲话的影响根据情况不同而不同。(2)the poor man depends on his son to earn money.这个穷人依靠他的儿子去赚钱。(3)you can depend on it that he will come on time；he is always punctual.你可以相信他会准时来，他总是很守时。题组训练单句语法填空(1)some experts think reading is the fundamental skill which school education depends.(2015安徽)(2)we had to depend on her (deal) with the situation.(3)what are you going to do this weekend?it (depend)if time permits，i may go to shanghai with my friends.10how life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.地球上的生命是如何开始的是科学家们发现难以解决的最大的谜之一。归纳拓展(1)puzzle n谜；难题；vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难puzzle about/over苦苦思索；仔细琢磨(2)puzzled adj.迷惑不解的；困惑的be/feel puzzled at/about.对感到迷惑(3)puzzling adj.令人费解的(4)puzzlement n迷惑语境助记(1)their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me.他们为什么要做此事我仍很困惑。(2)what he said at the meeting puzzled most of us.他在会议上说的话让我们大多数人很困惑。(3)we felt puzzled at these puzzling questions.对这些令人费解的问题我们感到迷惑。题组训练(1)单句语法填空to explain the (puzzle) findings，he offers two theories.she listened with a (puzzle) expression on her face.the old man stared at the computer in (puzzle)people have long puzzled how the egyptians moved such huge rocks.(2015四川)(2)完成句子他脸上迷惑的表情表明他正在苦苦思索一个令人困惑的问题。the look on his face suggested that he a problem.经典句式1what it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到3845亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢形成了一个固体的球状物。归纳拓展(1)was to become是“be to do”结构，在句中表示将要发生的动作。(2)be to do sth.表示按计划、安排、决定、命令要做的事或注定要发生的事；be about to do sth.表示即将、马上要做的事，常与when搭配使用；be going to do sth.可以表示说话者主观打算做某事，或客观迹象表明即将发生某事。语境助记(1)here is a message for you：you are to go to the office after class.这有你一个口信，让你下课后到办公室去。(2)the experience is to change her whole life.这次经历注定会改变她的一生。(3)no one is to leave the building without permission.未经允许，任何人不得离开这座大楼。题组训练完成句子(1)你将在这里等，直到我回来。 until i return.(2)他们将于5月25号结婚。they on may 25th.(3)我正要离开就在这时他进来了。i when he came in.(4)明天早上我打算去买些东西。i something tomorrow morning.2this produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop.这就产生了一种连锁反应，使得生命的发展成为可能。归纳拓展(1)句中made it possible for life to develop属于“makeit形容词/名词(宾补)to do/that 从句”结构。该结构中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式或that从句。(2)在“make宾语宾补”这一结构中，宾语补足语可以是不带to的不定式、过去分词或形容词。注意：当“make宾语do sth.”变为被动语态时，不定式符号to要加上。the little girl was made to study every day.每天这个小女孩都被动学习。语境助记(1)i must make it clear that i will support you forever.我必须说明，我会永远支持你的。(2)the police made the young boy stand against the wall.警察让这个男孩靠墙站着。(3)praise makes good men better and bad men worse.表扬能使好人更好，坏人更坏。题组训练完成句子(1)这个好消息使得大多数人都很高兴。the good news .(2)这个人大声说话为的是自己被听见。the man spoke loudly .(3)这次错误使得他不可能成功了。the mistake .难句分析1no one knows exactly how the earth began，as it happened so long ago.句式分析本句为复合句，how引导的是 从句；as引导的是 从句。自主翻译 2what is even more important is that as the earth cooled down，water began to appear on its surface.句式分析本句为复合句，what引导的是 从句；that引导的是 从句，在表语从句中又含有一个as引导的 从句。自主翻译 .单词拼写1this sand is u the sand on the other side of the island.it is much softer.2from her p expression，i could tell that she couldnt understand the passage.3his (根本的) mistake was to rely too much on other people.4air pollution is h to people.for example，it can cause cancer.5as a matter of fact，it is only a small planet in solar s .6recently，a (连锁) of accidents have happened in the village.7could you tell me when this word began to (存在) in our country?8the teacher often creates a friendly (气氛)where the students have a talk.选词填空be fundamental to，cool down，lay eggs，in time，in ones turn9the warm weather here permits the birds to all year round.10it took charles a long time to after the argument.11honesty human beings.12we students clean the classroom every day .13work hard at your lessons，and you are sure to make progress .完成句子14他每天早晨都读英语，这成为了他的习惯。he english every morning.15据说这是一部由一个年轻导演导演的电影。it is said that it is a film .16当他要打开门时，发现哪里也找不到钥匙了。when he the door，he found his keys were nowhere.17大火持续了一整夜，造成了很大的损失。the fire lasted for a whole night， .18他是否会同意这个计划要取决于他的心情。 will depend on his mood.课文语法填空the earth was just 19. cloud of dust after the “big bang”the earth exploded 20. (loud) with fire and rock.they were in time to produce many things，which were 21. (make) the earths atmosphere.as the earth cooled down，water began to appear on its surface.it allowed the earth to dissolve 22. (harm) gases.then life began to develop.small plants multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen.this encouraged the 23. (develop) of early shellfish and fish.land animals such as insects，reptiles and dinosaurs 24. (appear) after green plants appeared.small clever animals spread all 25. the earth.they are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere,26. prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.27. life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can 28. (solve)答案精析话题导入1it is astronomy.2.saturn.3.science cant grow fast without modern technology.基础自测.1.astronomy2.system3