人教版必修三Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars language points学案.docx

unit 4 astronomy: the science of the stars学案language points要点精释1. in time: sooner or later; eventually 迟早;最终 ill see him in time. in time (for sth. /to do sth.): not late及时；不迟 she will be back in time to prepare dinner. in time of在.时 on time at times有时=occasionally at a time 一次 at one time 曾经at the same time in no time 立刻,马上 for the time being 暂时 from time to time 不时地2. depend on / upon 依靠，依赖，指望；由决定，取决于you cannot depend on your parents forever.you cannot depend on him to come on time.= you cannot depend on his coming on time.我们的成败取决于是否每个人都努力工作our success depends on whether everyone works hard or not. it (all) depends. = that (all) depends. 得看情况，那得看情况(而定)我可能会去那，但要看情况而定。 i may go there, but that depends.3. presence u在场，出席，参加 absencehe sighed his name in the presence of two witnesses. he was calm in the presence of danger. in the presence of 当的面，在在场的情况下，在面前 present adj. 出席，在场 absent；现在的，当前的；n. 现在 at present4. spread (spread, spread) v. (消息等)传开，流传；传播，散布；蔓延 the news spread through the school very quickly. the radio spread the news as soon as it happened. the fire spread from the factory to the houses nearby.vt.铺开，展开he spread (out) his arms to welcome us.spread sth. on / over sth. 将某物铺在某物上i spread a new cloth on the table.spread sth. with sth. 用某物铺盖某物he spread the table with a cloth.5. atmosphere 大气，大气层；(某一环境内的)空气；气氛man must stop polluting the earths atmosphere.the atmosphere was hot, and flavored with gas and cigar smoke.we all like the cheerful atmosphere of christmas.愉悦的气氛充满了整个房间。an atmosphere of joy filled the room.= a friendly atmosphere6.dozens of 几十个，许多，很多ive been there dozens of times. dozen n. 一打，十二个； 一打的they sold three dozen copies of the magazine.eggs are sold by the dozen. 蛋是按打卖的。by the hour/ day/ pound7. mass n. 质量u；团，堆，块，大量 a mass of / masses of 许多，大量+可数/不可数 a mass of information has been brought in. she has a mass of things to do. the masses are often the makers of history. 人民，群众8. now (that) because of something or as a result of something 既然now that youve passed your test, you can drive on your own.9. get the hang of sth.学会的做法/诀窍；理解的意思/道理/观念10. multiply v. 乘: 增加our homework have multiplied since we came to high school.mosquitoes multiply rapidly in summer. 巩固练习阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d）中，选出最佳选项。opera at music hall: 1243 elm street. the season runs june through august，with additional performances in march and september. the opera honors enjoy the arts membership discounts. phone: 241-2742. http: /www. cityopera. com. chamber orchestra: the orchestra plays at memorial hall at 1406 elm street，which offers several concerts from march through june. call 7231182 for more information. http: /www. chamberorch. com. symphony orchestra: at music hall and riverbend. for ticket sales，call 3813300. regular season runs september through may at music hall in summer at riverbend. http: /www. symphony. org/home. asp. college conservatory of music (ccm): performances are on the main campus(校园) of the university，usually at patricia cobbett theater. ccm organizes a variety of events，including performances by the well-known lasalle quartet，ccms philharmonic orchestra， and various groups of musicians presenting baroque through modern music. students with i. d. cards can attend the events for free. a free schedule of events for each term is available by calling the box office at 556-4183. http: /www. ccm. uc. edu/events/calendar. riverbend music theater: 6295 kellogg ave. large outdoor theater with the closest seats under cover (price difference). big name shows all summer long! phone: 232-6220. http: /www. riverbendmusic. com. 语篇导读本文是一篇应用文，主要对五个网站上的歌剧及管弦乐等乐曲作品的演出时间、内容及购票等细节作了介绍。1. which number should you call if you want to see an opera?a. 241-2742. b. 723-1182. c. 381-3300. d. 232-6220. 解析: a 细节理解题。根据第一则信息“opera at music hall”及本段中的细节“the opera honors enjoy the arts membership discounts. phone: 241-2742”可知答案。2. when can you go to a concert by chamber orchestra?a. february. b. may. c. august. d. november. 解析: b 细节理解题。根据第二则信息“chamber orchestra”并结合“which offers several concerts from march through june”的描述可知，四个选项中只有五月在此时间范围内。3. where can students go for free performances with their i. d. cards?a. music hall. b. memorial hall. c. patricia cobbett theater. d. riverbend music theater. 解析: c 细节理解题。根据第四则信息“college conservatory of music（ccm）”中的首句及下文中的“students with i. d. cards can attend the events for free”可知答案。4. how is riverbend music theater different from the other places?a. it has seats in the open air. b. it gives shows all year round. c. it offers membership discounts. d. it presents famous musical works. 解析: a 细节理解题。第五则信息中提到了带座位的巨大户外剧场“large outdoor theater with the closed seats under cover”，选项a与此描述一致。having spring-around makes you feel different after such a long winter journey. the power of sunshine brings us a lot of comfort， optimism， self-confidence and of course a smile. imagine how great it will be if we are so positive all year round!living like this is possible if you really think about it. in order to exist in such a state of happiness，we must have sunshine radiating from within ourselves，shining from our hearts， minds and souls. actually， thats your choice， and if you think that way then your own life will reflect that attitude of yours!in order to make “sunshine” or rather “light” part of our being，it is so important that you watch your thoughts，your words and your actions so that you will accept what you really feel youd like to create in your own life. watch your thoughts and really become aware of how many negative thoughts pass through your mind about yourself and other people around you. watch to see how often you gossip (说闲话）about other people，which is actually often attached with feelings of jealousy (妒忌）and insecurity about yourself. you are also supposed to take a close look at your “intention”. how many of you do something for another person without expecting to receive something in return? it might not even have to be a material or physical thing you expect； expecting to be recognized for what you have done is enough to create conditions on your intention. think about it!putting all of these together，it seems that most of us are creating monsters inside us just by simply talking， thinking and not putting our heart out with the right intention towards helping someone else. if you take all your negative attitudes in one hand and measure your need to feel “sunshine“ in the other， you will see how both these elements really contradict each other. be brave and break your patterns and your habits this spring，and by doing so， you will allow the true sunshine to take place by radiating out from your heart and into your life and the lives of the people around you!语篇导读本文通过讲述阳光的美好，建议我们: 审视我们的思想、言辞以及行为，改变我们的模式和习惯。让真正的阳光从心底放射，照进我们的生活，也照进我们周围人的生活。5. you can have sunshine shining from your inside_. a. by measuring what you needb. by helping someone elsec. by watching what you think，say and dod. by changing your intention解析: c 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“in order to make sunshineor ratherlightpart of our being,it is so important that you watch your thougts,your words and your actions so that you will accept what you really feel youd like to create in your own life”可知，为了让“阳光”或者说是“光明”成为我们生命的组成部分，我们需要审视自己的思想、言辞以及行为。故选c。6. according to the writer，you dont feel secure about yourself when you_. a. gossip about other peopleb. take a close look at your intentionc. expect to be recognized for what youve doned. become aware of your negative thoughts解析: a 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“watch to see how often you gossisp（说闲话）about other people,which is actually often attached with feelings of jealousy(妒忌)and insecurity about yourself”可知，说别人的闲话常常是因为你自身的妒忌和不安全感。故选a。7. what can be inferred from the passage?a. expecting something in return for our help isnt the right intention. b. breaking our patterns is the most important to get true sunshine. c. if we dont intend to help others，we create monsters inside us. d. negative attitudes have little to do with happiness. 解析: a 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“you are also supposedin return”可知，我们应该认真地审视自己的动机。为别人做事不要总是想着能够从他们那里得到什么，帮助别人时要有正确的动机。故选a。第五段中的“not putting our heart out withsomeone else”也是提示。8. the passage is written mainly to_. a. stress the importance of the positive lifestyleb. analyze the intentions and thoughts in our mindc. offer advice on having sunshine from our insided. warn us about the bad effects of negative attitudes解析: c 写作意图题。本文通过讲述阳光的美好，建议我们: 审视我们的思想、言辞以及行为，改变我们的模式和习惯。让真正的阳光从心底放射，照进我们的生活，也照进我们周围人的生活。故选c。its a familiar feeling. your friend has made the team for saturdays big game， and you take a certain pleasure in telling him you cant be there to watch him play. you smile, but that voice in you asks, why him and not you?envy is a fault that we like to keep secret. it raises its ugly head when we focus on what we want but dont possess now, or we may even wish for and take pleasure in someone losing it. feelings of unfairness are part of being human， but when you focus on them，you can never get out of your dark emotions. and that makes you feel bad. so is there a solution? is there anything you can do to stop the most ungenerous emotions?well,why not turn envy on its head,and make it the encouragement you need for self-improvement?the best weapon against envy is not to compete where you cant shine, but to do your absolute best where you can. start by making peace with yourself, and accept the gifts which make you unique. make an agreement with yourself to be the best you can be. then find out exactly the circumstances and qualities in others that start your envy. is it someones singing voice, their work promotion or their new car? envy shows us the things wed like to have, so make up a plan to earn whats important to you. sign up for a night class. start a training program. give up a treat or two,and start saving for what you want. and aim for real pleasure in the achievements and good fortune of others. cheer on your friend when he scores that goal. enjoy your best friends wedding day. then go out and do something special，and make yourself wonderfully proud of you. 语篇导读本文是一篇说明文。忌妒会给人带来不良情绪。本文作者提出应对忌妒的最好方法就是将自己的强项发挥到极致，为自己感到骄傲，同时也为别人取得的成功而快乐。9. the first paragraph is intended to_ . a. give examplesb. tell the main ideac. introduce the topicd. ask the questions解析: c 推理判断题。作者在本文第一段举出一个让人感觉忌妒的例子是为了引出话题，即如何应对忌妒给人带来的不良影响，因此选c。10. when envy appears, we actually_. a. ignore its existenceb. have feelings of unfairnessc. share it with friendsd. lose something of our own 解析: b 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“feelings of unfairness are part of being human”可知，忌妒感出现时，我们确实感到不公平，觉得为什么别人可以拥有，自己却没有，因此选b。11. what is the best way to help stop envy?a. developing your own strengths to the full. b. competing for what you are not good at. c. forgetting about the things you cant get. d. trying to get anything that makes you envy. 解析: a 细节理解题。根据第四段的“the best weapon against envy is not to compete where you cant shine,but to do your absolute best where you can”可知，停止忌妒的最好方法就是将自己的强项发挥到极致，因此选a。12. what is the authors attitude towards people with envy?a. subjective. b. objective. c. unconcerned. d. worried. 解析: b 作者态度题。作者客观地介绍了忌妒给人带来的消极影响，并提出了应对忌妒、使人过得快乐的有效方法，因此选择b。subjective主观的；objective客观的；unconcerned不关心的;worried担心的。seven-year-old artist kieron williamson has sold his 16 watercolours for 17,000 in just 14 minutes,setting the world record for the youngest successful painter. his latest paintings of landscapes(风景),seascapes and churches were supposed to be on display for a month at the picturecraft gallery in holt. they went on sale at 9 a. m. but were bought by 9: 14 a. m. , some by telephone from abroad. kieron is red hot. people are saying that he could become an all-time great artist. they want his paintings as investments(投资) because they think the price will go up. the last child artist was picasso. and kieron is getting better and better. the pace at which he learns is quite amazing. he has a very mature mind and has mastered certain techniques at an early stage which some artists would take years to perfect. his work has been very unusual and impressive. his use of tone, colour and light is wonderfull. the way he gets his paintings to do talking is extremely good. he just paints when he wants. he still likes playing football and playi