Contemporary Fascism in France 当代法国法西斯主义.docx

Contemporary Fascism in France Once mentioning Fascism, people may begin to think about German Nazi during World War. As one branch of Fascism, Nazi is an evil, inhuman and savagery aggression which has already past almost one century. However, little did they know that there still exists Nazism in the world. The term Fascism has been illustrated by many scholars from different countries. An representative one is Turner Henry Ashby, who defined Fascism as, “a form of radical authoritarian nationalism that came to prominence in early 20th century Europe, influenced by national syndicalism” (Turner,1975). This definition is commonly accepted worldwide. Nevertheless, with the development of science and technology, nationalism has transferred to other forms and hides under every corner of the world. Thus, new explanation appears concerning on this kind of new nationalism. Umberto Eco mentioned this phenomenon in his paper, “In my country today there are some who say that the War of Liberation was a tragic period of division, and that all we need is national reconciliation” (Eco,1995). That is to say, there is still a number of people who want to live back to the period of reconciliation. France is a good example which “skillfully clothed a fascist doctrine in the guise of a serious conservative program based on an apparent acceptance of Republican values (Wolfreys, 1993)”. Believe it or not, this kind of regime exists for centuries and still influences its citizens even though Socialist Party has claimed its authority on the public. After the triumph of Front National in 1984, France restarted to strengthen “its roots deep into a traditionalist, authoritarian, ultra-Catholic and republican far-fight political heritage” (Nougayrde,2015). No matter what happened, France government and its citizens tend to attribute its problems, such as unemployment, low birth rate and economic depression to interference from other countries. Throughout the ages, native french believe that their race is superior to others, just as ancient Jews who think that they are the only chosen one, except for them, all other races should be cleaned out. Actually, as one of the oldest nation in the world, Frank dose have its right to pride. Under the domination of Napoleon, France empire once gained its glories for weeping Europe in 1804. Living in a powerful and glorious country, people enjoyed the life of freedom, pride and most importantly egocentric. That is, in their deep cognition system, French believe that nothing in the world can compare to their own nation. Therefore, it is easy to imagine why citizens are willing to support Front Nationals anti-immigrants and anti-EN policy. They reject other races, including Jews, Africans, and Asians, impede their immigration, limit their civil right so as to keep their own national purity. As a result, this radical nationalism is far beyond the level of patriotism and caused France itself a lot of troubles.In the first place, Frances racial discrimination results in social disorder. According to Jim Wolfreys paper, “When the partys paper, Le National, outline the main points of the FN program in 1977, no mention whatsoever was made of immigrants” and “A further body would be set up, responsible for the defense of Frances borders and for controlling the countrys foreign population”(Wolfrey,1993). That is to say, France government has set up a series of rules and taken many actions to control the activity of immigrants in order to protect their own peoples right. Because of historical influence of French Revolution, the France empire was collapsed by activities from other countries. Since then, France were no longer a powerful empire which dominates all Europe. So, they regard others as enemy, and resist them so as to a country of the “enemy without”. Although mentioned immigration, Marie Le Pan made no explicit claim of it, but preferred bringing back the Republic and its lost territories” (Nougayrde,2015). Besides, the FN program tries to cover own political fault and take immigrants as its scapegoat. “Aside from fairly familiar xenophobic complaints about immigrants causing crime and lowering education standards, it changes North Africans immigrants with contributing to the balance of payments crisis” (Wolfreys,1993). Obviously, crime and lowering education standards are not just immigrants fault, they are resulted from all kinds of factors. Just as the terrorist attack in Paris last year, immigrants are difficult to be organized by government because they are lack of cultural belongingness and religious identity. They are homeless due to inhuman treatment in France. Therefore, for them, an effective way to draw attention is to cause chaos, which root is Frances racial discrimination. Furthermore, centralization of authority isolates France itself from economic globalization. In this country, the superior authority belongs to government and individual only needs to obey it. “In the family order is upheld by the father, in the firm by the boss, in the nation by the leader. Responsibility to above, authority to below was what Hitler offered ” (Wolfreys,1993). To some extent, France Fascism is closely related to Germany Nazism of the 1930s in the level of social system. Although government does not interfere national economy directly, it controls overall development trend through increasing taxes. It is hard to imagine that the richs tax is up to 75%, exceeds other countries all over the world and of course, aroused strong dissatisfaction among the public. The absolute control of government also results in heavy loss of individual enterprise which greatly impedes the development of national economy. Besides, their Fascism not manifested in racial discrimination, such as Jews, North Africans and Asians, but also in all aspects of of daily life. For example, in modern times, English has already become the most frequent used language in the world. However, French still hold the view that their language is the most important and should be learned throughout the world. Thus, they not only refuse to study other languages, but also enthusiastically propaganda their own language. Besides, in other cultural fields, such as foreign movies, landscapes and network, France treats them passively and keeps their own independence. In that, France is pretty difficult to adapt itself to the economic globalization. “Most of all, the rise of the Front National is testament to the cowardice of a French ruling elite that, for decades now, has been incapable of reforming the national model in order that it can better withstand the onslaught of global transformations” (Nougayrde,2015). In a word, because of historical and nowadays factor, the excessive reconciliation of France restricts itself from global economic development. Finally, the radical nationalism has already penetrated the younger generation and greatly influences their world view. Most of citizens were brainwashed by the cultural penetration. “A survey carried out at the last FN Congress asked the organizations leadership a series of questions, the answers to which are revealing. 88% of those questioned believed that Jews had too much power in France, over 99% believed in a hierarchy of leaders and that the discipline was the basis of all social order, 38%, despite all the FNs protestations about democracy, believed in an authoritarian government” (Wolfreys,1993). Those interviewed people convince their government domination and in accordance with leadership. In addition, although the Socialist Party has claimed its authority in public, there are still a lot of people who argues for the return of the FN. One supporter said, “The results are very good because we doubled our vote so thats a good thing and we have ejected the Socialists, so thats very good news” (Alice,2015). Echos are abundant from France youth, which indicates that the younger generation were greatly penetrated the notion of nationalism. Therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that nowadays, Fascism is still exists in France. As Eco mentioned, “Ur-Fascism is still around us, sometimes in plainclothes.Ur-Fascism can come back under the most innocent of disguises. Our duty is to uncover it and to point out our finger at any of its new instances- every day, in every part of the world” (Eco,1995). In this sense, French Fascism is a new form of Fascism in modern society, its absolute authority leads to racia