211翻译硕士英语(2015-A).docx

桂林电子科技大学2015年研究生统一入学考试试题科目代码：211 科目名称：翻译硕士英语请注意：答案必须写在答题纸上（写在试题上无效）。I.Vocabularyand Grammar(30)Multiple Choice QuestionsDirections: Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best fits the blank or best paraphrases the underlined word or words to complete each statement. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.1. The Smiths decided to buy that house with a garage _.A. attach B. attached C. to attach D. attaching2. The unsuccessful operation _ heavily on the young surgeons mind.A. weighed B. weight C. to weigh D. attaching3. As the Chinese table-tennis players are the best in the world, it was not _ that they took away most of the cups.A. surprised B. puzzled C. surprising D. puzzling4. The handsome young man is a down-to- _ person.A. earth B. dirt C. mud D. soil5. Before taking actions, you must consider the _ sufficiently.A. outcome B. results C. effect D. consequences6. He had no _ sufficiently good enough for the refusal of the post.A. cause B. source C. why D. reason7. A _ sentence has one or more clauses besides the main clause.A. simple B. simplistic C. complex D. complicated8. I am glad that things have _ so well.A. turned in B. turned on C. turned up D. turned out9. They did their best to _ the significance of their enemys victory.A. reduce B. belittle C. minimize D. diminish10. She _ that her stay was not welcomed by the hostess.A. sensed B. felt C. was conscious of D. was aware of11. I thought that Hiroshima still felt the impact of the atomic cataclysm.A. disaster B. crack C. fledge D. bombardment12. This is for real.A. reality B. real C .indeed D. ok13. Well, that is California all over.A. at all B. as its characteristic is C. specials D. reverie14. Jealousy, a(n) _ motive, usually invites abnormal psychological behavior in a persons mind.A. vast B. cosmic C. original D. initial15. A large quantity of foreign food aid has led to a(n) _ reduction in the number of people dying of starvation. A. drastic B. primal C. loathsome D. increasingly16. She is _ with those who speak the local dialect.A. clouded B. profuse C. comfortable D. responsible17. The authority claims that the new pills can dramatically increase life expectancy, but theres no _ evidence to support this.A. actual B. concrete C. obvious D. empirical18. He won the election by an overwhelming majority of votes.A. large B. scarce C. slim D. sparse19. Marina seemed extremely nervous at the prospect of her turn to make the presentation.A. on word of B. at the thought of C. at the request of D. upon hearing of20. The glaring of the sun makes all stars invisible.A. coldness B. darkness C. brightness D. hotness21. The weatherman said, “It will be chilly this afternoon.”A. hot B. wet C. turbid D. cold22. Shakespeare was one of the most prolific writers in England.A. creative B. productive C. ingenious D. inventive23. Hitler was however wrong and we should _ to help Russia.A. go all out B. go out all C. make all out D. make out all 24. An hour later, we were told that the hostess was arriving presently.A. sometime later B. a short time later C. a long time later D. sometime in future25. Large areas of land have been contaminated by the leakage from the nuclear reactor.A. corrupted B. discolored C. polluted D. decayed26. This is the _ lawyer who is likely to win the whole nations attention.A. clever B. intelligent C. remarkable D. brilliant27. I suppose laziness is one of the frailties of human nature. A. peculiarities B. weaknesses C. characteristics D. identities28. Mark Twain had become a very _ man during his later life, which was reflected in his writings. He believed that the world was wrong, where people achieved nothing. A. sentimental B. cynical C. sarcastic D. ironic29. The police are speculating that the suicide bombers may be linked to a terrorist organization.A. confirming B. contemplating C. guessing D. subsiding30. If he does guess what you want to buy correctly, he will price the item high, and yield little in the bargaining.A. produce B. resign C. defer D. give inII. Reading Comprehension (40)Section 1 Multiple Choice Questions (30) Directions: In this section, there are reading passages followed by multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your answer sheet.Passage AWe sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals too. In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist (免疫学家) Mark Laudenslager, at the University of Denver, gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in their enclosure, while the other half could not. The rats in the two groups were paired so that each time one rat turned the wheel it protected both itself and its helpless partner from the shock. Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what weakens the immune system.Other researchers agree. Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli dont develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats. But if the animals are confronted with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can control. Such findings reinforce psychologists suspicions that the experience or perception of helplessness is one of the most harmful factors in depression.One of the most startling examples of how the mind can alter the immune response was discovered by chance. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned(使形成条件反射) mice to avoid saccharin(糖精)by simultaneously feeding them the sweetener and injecting them with a drug that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets. Associating the saccharin with the stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener. In order to extinguish this dislike for the sweetener, Ader re-exposed the animals to saccharin, this time without the drug, and was astonished to find that those mice that had received the highest amounts of sweetener during their earlier conditioning died. He could only speculate that he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now served to weaken their immune systems enough to kill them.Multiple Choice Questions (10)1. Laudenslagers experiment showed that the immune system of those rats who could turn off the electricity _.A. was strengthened B. was not affected C. was altered D. was weakened 2. According to the passage, the experience of helplessness causes rats to _. A. try to control unpleasant stimuli B .turn off the electricityC. behave passively in controllable situations D. become abnormally suspicious3. The reason why the mice in Aders experiment avoided saccharin was that _.A. they disliked its taste B. it affected their immune systemsC. it led to stomach pains D .they associated it with stomachaches4.The passage tells us that the most probable reason for the death of the mice in Aders experiment was that _.A. they had been weakened psychologically by the saccharin B. the sweetener was poisonous to themC. their immune systems had been altered by the mindD. they had taken too much sweetener during earlier conditioning5. It can be concluded from the passage that the immune systems of animals _. A. can be weakened by conditioning B. can be suppressed by drug injections C. can be affected by frequent doses of saccharin D. can be altered by electric shocks Passage BSince 1992, the U. S. has offered Israel an additional $ 2 billion annually in loan guarantees. Congressional researchers have disclosed that between 1974 and 1989, $16.4 billion in U. S. military loans were converted to grants and that this was the understanding from the beginning. Indeed, all past U.S. loans to Israel have eventually been forgiven by Congress, which has undoubtedly helped Israels often-touted claim that they have never defaulted on a U.S. government loan. U.S. policy since 1984 has been that economic assistance to Israel must equal or exceed Israels annual debt repayment to the United States. Unlike other countries, which receive aid in quarterly installments, aid to Israel since 1982 has been given in a lump sum at the beginning of the fiscal year, leaving the U. S. government to borrow from future revenues. Israel even lends some of this money back through U.S. treasury bills and collects the additional interest.In addition, there is the more than $1.5 billion in private U. S. funds that go to Israel annually in the form of $1 billion in private tax-deductible donations and $ 500 million in Israeli bonds. The ability of Americans to make what amounts to tax-deductible contributions to a foreign government, made possible through a number of Jewish charities, does not exist with any other country. Nor do these figures include short-and-long-term commercial loans from U. S. banks, which have been as high as $1 billion annually in recent years.Total U.S. aid to Israel is approximately one-third of the American foreign-aid budget, even though Israel comprises just 0.001 percent of the worlds population and already has one of the worlds higher per capita incomes. Indeed, Israels GNP is higher than the combined GNP of Egypt, Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, the West Bank and Gaza. With a per capita income of about $14,000, Israel ranks as the sixteenth wealthiest country in the world; Israelis enjoy a higher per capita income than oil-rich Saudi Arabia and are only slightly less well-off than most Western European countries.AID does not term economic aid to Israel as development assistance, but instead uses the term economic support funding. Given Israels relative prosperity, U.S. aid to Israel is becoming increasingly controversial. In 1994, Yossi Beilen, deputy foreign minister of Israel and a Knesset member, told the Womens International Zionist Organization, If our economic situation is better than in many of your countries, how can we go on asking for your charity?Multiple Choice Questions (10)6. According to the passage, American economic assistance to Israel took all the following forms EXCEPT _.A. private funds B. commercial loans from U.S. banksC. government grants D. government donations7. What is the writers attitude towards American economic aid to Israel? A. Disapproving. B. Appreciative. C. Ambiguous. D. Difficult to tell.8. What is the main reason why U.S. aid to Israel is becoming controversial? A. The large sum of loans to Israel. B. American financial situation.C. The relative prosperity of Israel economy. D. Survey of U. S. Congressional researchers.9. The words of the deputy foreign minister of Israel indicate that _. A. Jewish charities provided great help for Israel B. American is obliged to give Israel economic aid C. Israel actually doesnt deserve American economic aid D. Israels economy is worsening10. It can be inferred from Israels often-touted claim that _. A. Israel was satisfied with the ability in repaying all the loans from America B. U.S. government should not worry about the Israels economic development C. U. S economic aid to Israel was a wrong action D. American economic assistance to Israel was successfulPassage COne of the best-known proverbs must be Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise. The promises of health, wealth, and wisdom to those who join the ranks of the early retires and risers must be particularly appealing to many people in our contemporary society. There is no doubt that one of the greatest concerns of modem man is his health. It is estimated that in the United States $ 200 billion are spent on health care each year. The medical field has grown into such a big business that it employs 4. 8 million people, and it appears that in many places, more staff is needed to meet the demands of the people who are concerned about their physical well-being. Much more interest has been shown in preventive medicine in recent years. This is probably due in part to the increasing costs of medical treatment, but the writings of such people as Dr. Cooper have also played an important role. In his book Aerobics, Dr. Cooper communicated his message of the benefits of exercise so effectively that many other authors have flowed in his trail, and literally millions of readers have put on their sports shoes and taken to the highways and byways of America. A recent survey showed that over 17 million people are jogging. Many of these are so serious that they have trained themselves to run the 26 miles and 38. 5 yards of the hard and tiring marathons that are sponsored all over the country. The last time I was in Honolulu, I was amazed to see hundreds of people, young and old, running for their lives, and I discovered many of them have ran in the Hawaiian Marathon. Exercise has also become a major part of conversation. At a dinner party recently, the president of a bank asked me, You look like a runner; how far do you run each day? A few days later when I appeared on a national television show, the host suddenly asked me if I was a regular runner. On both occasions the conversation turned to the subject of exercise and I found, as l have found whenever I have traveled recently, that this is a subject on many peoples minds. Of course, there are still many people who are less than enthusiastic about exercise. They appreciate the philosophy of Robert M. Hutchings who said, Whenever the thought of exercise occurs to me, I lie down fill it passes.Multiple Choice Questions (10)11. The first paragraph indicates that medical workers _.Aare in great demand Bmake a lot of moneyCare concerned with their own health Dlike sports more than ordinary people12. The retires mentioned (Para. 1) are _.Apeople who gave up work early Bpeople who live in quiet places Cpeople who go to bed early Dpeople who have a lot of free time13. Running for their lives (Para. 2) means _.Arunning at a moderate pace Brunning to save some peoples livesCrunning to escape some danger Drunning moist energetically14. Robert M. Hutchings _.Adid not like any kind of sports Bdid not know anything about exerciseCslept most of the time Dwould lie down when he began to think15. The writer is _.Aanxious about health care in the United States B. doubtful about exerciseCeager to influence the readers towards his personal view D. vague about his attitude Section 2 Answering Questions (10) Directions: Read the following passage and then answer each of the questions which follow the passage. Use only information from the passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space in your answer sheet.Passage DBasically, there are three types of fatigue: physical, pathological(由疾病引起的), and psychological. As you might suspect, each differs significantly from the others.When you exercise your body you produce waste products. Muscles, for example, discard lactic acid (乳酸) into the blood; cells dump in carbon dioxide. When these wastes reach a certain level in the blood, the brain is notified and your activity level drops. Excess wastes in the muscles may produce soreness. If the blood of a physically fatigued animal is injected into a rested animal, it will produce fatigue. The solution to this type of fatigue is simplerest. That should revive you; if it doesnt, another cause should be sought.Have you ever become involved in so many activities that you had to be in two places at once? This is what happens when your body has a disease. The cells are overtaxed and cannot keep up with both fighting the disease and keeping you active. The result is fatigue. Some communicable diseases like the flu and colds are notorious for draining your energy. Other non-communicable diseases, like anemia(贫血), drain you because you are lacking an important body ingredient. Being overweight can cause pathological fatigue. It should be obvious that this type of fatigue is not going to go away without treatment. In a way, pathological fatigue is a lifesaver. It lets you know something is wrong and that you need rest. Even a poor d