用法归纳english.docx

Experience：经验，经历（v/n)1. experience the different way of life 体验不同的生活方式2. an experienced doctor 一位有经验的医生3. be experienced in 在-方面有经验Former： The former-the latter-前者-后者-Respect:= earn respect; show respect for/to= respect sb. for sth.rather than: 而不是 other than: 除了less than: 少于 more than: 超出，不仅仅more than 超过，不仅仅；（+adj. 表示“很，非常”）no more than 表示“仅仅，只有”=only,强调少；not more than表示：“不超过，至多”=at mostUntil和notuntil的区别A. 用于肯定句时，主句的动词只用延续性的，它所表示的动作一直延续到until表示的时间为止，意为“直到为止”。B. 用于否定句时，主句的动词一般是非延续性的，也可以是延续性的，它所表示的动作直到until所表示的时间才发生，意为“直到（才）”。unless= if- not “除非-否则-； 如果不”（重要连词）devote devote oneself to sth./doing sth.=be devoted to sth./doing sth.把（生命、时间、精力等）投入-主谓一致 as well as的用法A+as well as+B+V（谓语动词的单复数与前面的主语一致）主谓一致与as well as有相同用法的常见词如下：with/along with/together with/rather thanmake use of 使用，利用make good/full use of=make the most of=make the best of 充分利用/使用【形容词语义辨析】 exceptional: 例外的，异常的，特别的 （名词：exception; No exception.没有例外） average: on average; above/below average; the average man normal: 正常的（abnormal; return to normal恢复正常）【介词短语辨析】 in want of 需要，缺少（people in want of housing 缺少住房的人） in search of 寻找 in favor of 赞成，支持；有利于 in charge of 负责，掌管【用法归纳】in charge of; in the charge of; take charge of1) The hospital is in the charge of Mr. Johnson. = Mr. Johnson is in charge of the hospital. =Mr. Johnson takes charge of the hospital.【短语归纳】have something to do with 与-有关 have nothing to do with 与-无关 have little to do with 与-几乎没有关系【要点讲解】 neither-nor-既不-也不-either-or- 或者-或者-whether-or-不管-还是-; 无论-还是not-but- 不是-而是-【用法归纳】require1) require+ that从句2) It is required that从句Eg: It is required that every student (should) wear a school uniform.2) require sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事3) sth. require to be done= sth. require doing 某事需要被做Eg: The flowers require to be watered.= The flowers require watering.英语中常见习语谚语的积累。1）actions speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。2) great hopes make great man. 伟大的抱负造就伟大的人物。3) a wise head makes a close mouth.智者寡言；真人不露相。4) honesty is the best policy. 诚实为上策。An apple a day keeps the doctor away 每日一个苹果，胜过找医生Diet cures more than the doctor医疗不如食补Neglect of health is doctors wealth忽视健康，医生财旺laugh at your ills, and save doctors bills生病不忧患，节省医药费1) a wet blanket 使别人兴致低落的人或物，扫兴的人或物2) pull ones leg 开某人的玩笑，耍弄某人3) a black sheep 败家子，败类4) give sb. the cold shoulder 冷漠对待某人1) a piece of cake 一件容易的事，小菜一碟2) be all ears 全神贯注地听，聚精会神地听3) rain cats and dogs 下倾盆大雨4) ones cup of tea 喜爱的东西，感兴趣的东西【拓展】serve three meals （供应、提供）serve people heart and soul （为-服务）serve in the army (服役) serve as 用作，当作（function as, work as）break out(战争、火灾、疫病等)突然发生，爆发 come about 发生light up 照亮；（使）变得喜悦，（使）容光焕发 give off 发出（蒸汽、光等）lift up“升起；抬起; 举起” cut up 齐根割掉；切碎 turn up (音量)调高；出现 shut up 闭嘴make it “幸免于难，渡过难关“in return 作为回报。in turn依次，轮流；反过来stubborn: 顽固的，固执的 ambitious:有雄心的，有野心的，有抱负的 considerate:考虑周到的，体贴的be broadcast live 现场直播【辨析】“设备”equipment; facility teaching equipment; school facilities.【注解】preparation n. prepare v. prepared adj.(事先准备好的) make (good) preparations for (动词) 为-作准备in preparation for （介词）为-作准备 prepare sth. 准备某事； prepare for sth. 为某事作准备 prepare to do sth. 准备做某事； prepare sb. to do sth. 使某人准备好做某事 be/get (well) prepared for sth./ to do sth. 对-有（充分）准备【注解】fluent adj. fluently adv. fluency n.speak fluent Japanese speak Japanese fluentlyThat/This/It is the first (second, third-) time+(that)从句（从句常用现在完成时）That/This/It was the first(second, third-)time+(that)从句（从句常用过去完成时）【注解】equip vt. 装备，配备；（智力、体力上）使有准备，具备 equip-with- 用-装备-；使-具备-【注解】 take the (great) trouble to do sth. 不辞辛劳地做某事 【拓展】trouble的常见搭配如下： 1) have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难 2) in trouble 处于困境（苦恼）中 3) get sb. out of trouble 使某人摆脱麻烦 4) ask for trouble 自寻烦恼，自找麻烦【拓展】tolerate/bear/stand “忍受，容忍” put up with1) arrangement n. arrange v. make arrangements for 为-做好安排arrange to do sth 安排做某事 arrange for sb to do sth 安排某人做某事【拓展】harmony n. harmonious adj.和谐相处 be/live in harmony with-和谐社会 a harmonious society【拓展一】hope1) hope for+名词/代词：I hope for your letter. 我期待着你的来信。2) hope +不定式：I hope to see you soon. 希望不久能见到你。3) hope+that 从句I hope that she will come to the lecture.我希望她能来听讲座。4) I hope +so/not: Will it rain tomorrow? I hope so( I hope not). 我希望下（不下）。注意：hope不能接带不定式的复合结构（即不存在：hope sb to do sth这种结构）【辨析】hope& wish1) wish sb sth2) wish to do sth (用hope通用)3) wish sb to do sth4) wish+that从句（与hope+that从句有区别）hope接从句，所表示的愿望可以实现，从句用陈述语气；wish接从句，所表示的愿望实现的可能性不大，从句用虚拟语气。【拓展二】without (prep.)无，没有 do sth. without difficulty 毫无困难地做某事Eg: 1）Fish cant live without water. 鱼儿离不开水。2）He often cheated in exams without being caught. as a matter of fact = in fact = actually 事实上 in the long term/ run 从长远角度看 in the short term/runIt is the same with sb = So it is with sb(当既有助动词和系动词时用)否定形式为 neither/ nor 表示“也不”I seldom go to the cinema, nor / neither does he.so + 助动词/系动词/情态动词 + 主语，表示 “也”。副词词义辨析:especially 尤其，格外 I love the city, especially in spring.approximately 大约，近似 There were approximately 40 people there.effectively 有效地You deal with the problem effectively.reasonably合理地，适度地The apartments are priced reasonably.not only but also 连接并列主语时，谓语动词要遵循就近原则。good amounts of sleep 做主语，谓语动词用复数。shape v 决定的形成；影响的发展 = have an influence onHis experiences during the war shaped his ideas.他的战时经历影响了他思想。work out锻炼，健身; 计算出 ; 制定出，想出; 成功的发展，结果是Multiply（v）乘；增加 tense （adj）.紧张的. rapidly（adv）迅速地 make for有助于 make up组成，构成，编造接口 make out理解，明白 make sense有道理，有意义disappointment失望（adj） amusement 有趣(adj) astonishment(adj)吃惊aside from 除之外 in spite of 尽管，最然 as to 至于apple polisher拍马屁的人 butter-up 恭维 soft-soaping 奉承With his eyes fixed on sth 眼睛一直看着set a limit to 对-设定限制【拓展】有关limit的考点 (limit v./n. limited adj.) 1）without limit 无限地 speed limit 速度极限 go beyond the limit 超过极限 2) be limited to (doing) sth. 局限于（做）某事 be limited to being a nurse 仅仅做一个护士insist的用法归纳 =insist “坚持认为，坚持要求” 1) insist on/upon (sb./ones) (doing) sth. 坚持（做）某事2) insist+that引导的宾语从句=当insist表示“坚持认为”，宾语从句用陈述语气=当insist表示“坚持要求”，宾语从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词由“should+动词原形”构成，且should可以省略。find+sb.+doing 发现某人正在做某事（find的复合结构）固定搭配： find fault with sb./sth. 找-的茬现在进行时还可以表示称赞、厌恶等感情色彩，通常与always, forever, constantly等副词连用。safe and sound（固定表达）“安然无恙，平安无事”。【解析2】副词辨析 somehow somewhere anyhow anywhere somehow: 不知为什么，不知怎么地; 以某种方式 anyhow: 反正；尽管如此；不管怎样，无论如何 somewhere: 某处，在某处 anywhere: 任何地方defend sb./sth. from/against 保护-免受/抵抗-be independent of 独立于-，不依赖于-【拓展】independent adj. dependent adj. (依靠的，依赖的) depend v.be dependent on 依靠于，依赖于 depend on 依靠，依赖（rely on; count on）【解析】介词短语辨析 than normal 比正常 at a discount 打折扣 than usual 比通常，比平常（as usual 和往常一样） by coincidence 碰巧 （What a coincidence! 那么凑巧的事情啊！）every time表示“每次”，用作连词，用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每次做某事的时候” 有类似用法的有：each time, next time, last time, the first time等，这类词都可以作连词，引导时间状语从句。keep sb. (well) informed of/about sth. 随时向某人通知某事deserve的用法归纳 1) deserve+n. deserve attention 值得注意；deserve punishment应当受罚 2) deserve to do sth. 值得做某事 3) deserve to be done=deserve doing （主动表被动）值得被做定语从句中 whose+名词，可以与the+名词+of which/whom或of which/whom+the+名词进行转换短语解析turn out “结果是，证明是”leave out 省略，遗漏 work out 计算出，解出；锻炼bring out 使显现；出版 carry out 进行；执行；贯彻；落实【拓展】end up 结束，告终 turn up (音量等)调高，出现 figure out 想出，计算出way表示“方法/方式”做定语从句的先行词时,关系词选择如下：1）如果定语从句缺少in.way“以/用.的方法/方式”这样的方式状语,则关系词：in which, that或省略。2）如果定语从句缺少way做其主语/宾语时,则关系词可以选用which/that,如果做宾语时也可以省略。动词短语辨析go through 经历, 通过，穿过get through (使)通过；接通电话live through 度过；经受住look through 浏览，翻阅；仔细查看常见交际用语的理解1) You deserve it “你活该”2) Thats nothing. 不客气，不用谢。3) Take it easy. 别紧张，放轻松。tend to do sth.=have a tendency to do sth. 往往会做某事，倾向于做某事set aside“留出，拨出occupy的用法1) occupy “(时间、空间)占用；占有”Eg: Is this seat occupied? 这座位有人吗？2) “使忙碌，使从事”3) in a mess= in chaos 一团糟，混乱forbid (forbade, forbidden)1) forbid+doing sth. “禁止做某事”2) forbid+sb. to do sth.= forbid+sb. from doing sth.“禁止某人做某事”【拓展】handle “处理，应付”handle the machine “操作这台机器”1) handle the problem 处理问题2) handle the situation 应对局面3) Handle with care! 小心轻放!4) fly off the handle 大发雷霆，勃然大怒【解析2】instructions “使用指南，用法说明”（常用复数形式）set sb. thinking “发人深思熟练掌握强调句型的结构1) 陈述句：It is/ was + 被强调部分+ that/ who（当强调部分是人）+ 其他.2) 一般疑问句：Is/Was it + 被强调部分+ that/ who（当强调部分是人）+其他?3) 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词(被强调部分)+ + is/ was + it + that/ who + 其他？表地点的介词短语位于句首，且谓语为不及物动词，需全部倒装。（*若主语为人称代词，则不倒装）with的复合结构：with+宾语（名词或代词）+宾补（形容词/副词/介词短语/动词不定式/分词）祈使句的反意疑问句： 1) 若陈述部分为祈使句，反意疑问句一般用will you或wont you. 2) 若陈述部分为否定式，则反意疑问句只用will you.not until的强调句结构：Itis/wasnotuntil+从句+that+主句not until位于句首，要注意部分倒装（助动词+主谓结构） = It was not until I heard the cry nearby that I realized the danger.【注解】see sb. do sth. see sb. doing sth. see sb./sth. done1) see sb. do sth. “看见某人做某事”（动作的全过程）2) see sb. doing sth. “看见某人正在做某事”(动作的正在进行)3) see sb./sth.done “看见-被做”当success 表示一个成功的人或一件成功的事情时，是可数名词。 表示“成功”，是不可数名词。I think the meeting is a success.Failure is the mother is success.在英语中,表示独一无二的头衔、职位的名词,作表语和宾语补足语时,其前不加冠词。A. response 回应，呼应B. enthusiasm热情， 激情C. significance意义D. consequence后果step up = speed up 加速，加快step up the pace 加快步伐due可用于adj，表示“预期的”。常构成“be due to do sth”结构。The book is due to be published next month.本题due 做adj，放在research 后面，做后置定语，表示“预计”3 A. accommodation 住处 Hotel accommodation is included in the price of your holiday.B. reservation 预定 （reserve v.）Accommodation is not enough so a reservation is very important.C. application应用，运用 His application to the court has been refused.D. distinction 区别，差别 We need to make a distinction between these two events.one 表示泛指( 只能指代可数名词) , 指代前文中的泛指结构，也就是前文中的 a + 名词the one 表示特指（代指可数名词），指代前文中的特指结构，也就是前文中的 the+ 名词考查词组的用法A. make up 编造；构成，组成；和好；化妆He always makes up an excuse when he is late for work.Ten doctors make up the medical team. She doesnt go to work without making up.They will always make up immediately each time they have a quarrel.B. hold up阻碍，延迟I was held up by the heavy traffic on the way to the airport.C. pick up捡起，拾起；偶然间习得；（身体，事业,天气）好转；搭载乘客Pick up a coin from the floor.I picked up Japanese while I stayed in Japan.I think he will pick up soon.The bus picks up passengers outside the airport.D. take up占据（时间，空间）I will throw away the old table for it takes up too much room.本题考查：be of + n. 的结构be of high quality “高质量的”be of importance “很重要的” belong to 表示“属于”，没有被动语态，没有进行时不能说成“be belonged to”()考查 report doing sth 报道做了某事 Eg：The neighbors reported seeing him leaving the building around noon. which 引导定语从句，指代先行词 tigers。Tiger 和report 之间是被动关系。所以应该是Tigers are reported to be dying out. 考查 require 表示“需要，需求”+ doing= to be doneEg: The flowers require wateringThe flowers require to be watered. dozen 的用法：three dozen dozen 要用单数 。表示“三打”（一打是12个）dozens of 表示“几十个”。这时 dozen 是复数。 while 是连词，后面加句子。表示”这些中的36辆”，应该是three dozen of them one out of ten cars 做主语，位于动词用单数。和one 保持一致。本题考查 非限定性定语从句：which 关系代词，指带前文“He will not help us with the project”，关系代词that 不能用在介词in 的后面，所以排除掉B。 固定词组 in charge of 负责，掌管 in the charge of 由负责；由掌管 take charge of 接管turn down 拒绝turn down 做of的宾语，要用动名词结构。因为 application 和trun down 的关系为“被动”所以用being turned down.考查While 的用法： 在期间，当的时候I picked up Japanese while stayed in Japan. 虽然While i am willing to help, I dont have much time available. 然而 (表示对比两件事物)While Tom is very good at tennis, his brother is hopeless.本题考查will的用法：表示意愿; 临时决定或安排；- Will you go camping with me? -If you will, I will pick you up tomorrow.而be going to do 在表示将来时的时候，用法为：1) 按迹象表明要发生； 2) 主观的计划，打算，安排做某事The cloud is gathering, so its going to rainIm going to play football tomorrow afternoon.明天是星期天，这是时间发展的规律，用一般现在时。注意occur 的用法（1）（主意或想法) occur to sb. 表示“突然浮现于脑中，某人突然想到。”A good idea occurred to him.（2）It occurs to sb that 某人突然想到。It suddenly occurred to me that I can buy a present for my fathers birthday with my pocket money.Happen to sb 表示某人发生了什么事情I havent seen Mary for three days. What has happened to her?A. With all due respect我无意冒犯B. I beg to differ请允许我有不同的观点C. As predicted正如预料的一样D. I cant agree with you more 我在同意不过了。C. messyadj.凌乱的；散乱的The messy beardC. sniffsv. 闻，嗅D. smellsv. 散发出气味wish + 宾语从句的虚拟语气对现在的虚拟 + did 对过去的虚拟 + had done 对将来的虚拟 + would/could/would/should + dounder construction 在建造中make sb puzzled 令某人感到很奇怪1) （表对照）以为背景，衬托 例：The red flag stands out against the blue sky. 2) （表反方向） 例： swim against the tide (逆流而上，逆时势而行)3) （表支撑）倚着，靠着 put the ladder against the wall4）? against ones will ? evidence against him ?by and by逐渐地 before long 不久以后in advance事先，提前句型与固定搭配1） be in the middle of doing when 2） be doing