学人教版必修五Unit5First aid Period4Grammar教案设计（22页word版）.docx

2018-2019学年度人教版必修五unit5first aid period4grammar教案设计知识点过去分词做定语和表语教学目标1.主语的省略；2.谓语的省略 ；3.宾语中不定式短语的省略 ；4.表语的省略；5.同时省略几个成分 ；6.不定式的省略 ；7.使役动词后不定式的省略 ；8.感官动词后不定式的省略 ；9.含介词but的省略情况 ；10.并列句中的省略 ；11.状语从句的省略 ；12.主句中的成分被省略； 13.从句中的成分被省略。教学重点1知识：学习常见的省略形式，并能够实际运用；2方法：分析和理解文章中长难句以及高级句式，并学习仿写；3能力：阅读和分析与急救、医疗有关的文章。教学难点文章中长难句的分析和理解；省略的认识以及实际运用。教学过程一、导入教学建议：导入有很多种方法，一般控制在十分钟左右为宜，可以采用各种形式，比如：1、直接导入法。2、复习以往知识：可以从已学、已知的入手，与今天的教学进行对比。3、课前小测：可以针对学生学校近期讲授的内容进行出题（以简单题和中档题为主，以10分钟左右为宜）进行测验，也可以针对基础知识进行复习提问，检查学生学校所学内容的掌握程度，进而展开教学。4、以近年来发生的重大事件为题导入。既考查了学生从社会生活中获取信息的能力，又激发了学生的学习兴趣，让学生马上进入学习状态等。以上的导入方法只是建议，大家选择其中一种或两种进行交叉使用即可。1、复习：单词和词组默写。1、单词和词组默写：1）hurt / injure / harm / wound 伤痛，伤害2）cause/excuse/reason n.理由3）electric/electrical adj.电的4）jewelry/jewel n.珠宝5）aid n.&vt.帮助；援助；资助6）tissue n.u(生理)组织；c纸巾，手巾纸7）squeeze vt.&vi. 榨；挤；压榨8）present vt.给；介绍；赠送；呈现n.赠品，礼物，现在adj.现在的，出席的，当面的9）authentic adj.真实的；真正的；可信的10）fall ill生病(get ill, become ill)11）in place在适当的位置，适当12）put ones hands on找到，得到某物2、上节课课后作业检查和订正二、知识讲解知识点1 reading中重点句子分析知识点1(1) it was johns quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved ms. slades life. 是约翰的快速行动和急救常识挽救了斯莱德女士的生命。【句法分析】这是一个强调句型，其结构为：it is/was+被强调部分+that+句子的其他成分。被强调部分为“人”时，可用what/that作连词，被强调部分是“非人”时用that。判断一个句子是否是强调句，可以用去掉it is/was that/who的方法。如果去掉这些部分后剩余的内容仍然是一个完整的句子，则可以认为是强调句。【典型例句】 it was tom that/who brought me here. 是汤姆带我来这里的。 it was in the park that tom lost his watch. 是在公园里汤姆把表弄丢了。【拓展】这种强调句的一般疑问句只需把is/was提前。如：was it in 1939 that the second world war broke out? 第二次世界大战是在1939年爆发的吗？ 强调句型的特殊疑问句只需在一般疑问句前加上疑问词，去掉被强调部分。如：when was it that the second world war broke out? 第二次世界大战是什么时候爆发的？此结构用于强调除谓语之外的所有句子成分，如果强调谓语动词则要加助动词do，does，did。如：he did come yesterday.他昨天真的来了。【练习】 it was with great joy_ he received the news that his lost daughter had been found.a. becauseb. whichc. sinced. thatkey: d it was not until midnight_ they reached the campsite.a. thatb. whenc. whiled. askey: a(2) there is no doubt that johns quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved ms. slades life. 毫无疑问，正是约翰快捷的动作和他在中学所学的急救知识救了斯莱德女士的命。【句法分析】there is no doubt that毫无疑问，为固定句式，that从句为同位语从句【典型例句】 there is no doubt that they will agree with you on this matter.毫无疑问，他们在这件事上会同意你的。 there is no doubt that they will accomplish the task on time.毫无疑问，他们会准时完成这个任务的。【拓展】 doubt为名词时，若用在否定句或疑问句中，后面接that引导的同位语从句；若用在肯定句中，后接whether引导的同位语从句（there is some doubt whether），注意此时不可以用if替换whether。 doubt 为动词时，若用在否定句或疑问句中，后面接that引导的宾语从句；若用在肯定句中，后接whether或if引导的宾语从句。 doubt 构成的短语in doubt 怀疑，拿不定注意no/without/beyond doubt 无疑地，必定【典型例句】 i have no doubt that he will succeed. 我相信他会成功的。 he doubts if she will keep her word. 他不敢肯定她是否会遵守诺言。 there is some doubt that whether he is guilty. 他是否有罪，人们还有些怀疑。【练习】 这个年轻人是否能担当此重任仍有疑问。_ 毫无疑问,证据是对我方有利。_ you may have your own decision on this matter and i have little doubt _ youll succeed.a. ifb. whetherc. thatd. whatkeys:there is some doubt whether the young man can undertake such an important task. there is no doubt that the evidence available is favorable for us. c(3) the functions of your skin are also very complex: it keeps you warm or cool; it prevents your body from losing too much water; it is where you feel cold, heat or pain and it gives you your sense of touch. 皮肤的功能也很复杂：它可以保暖或者御寒，防止体内水分过多流失。正是皮肤是你感到冷、热或者疼痛，它还使你有触觉。【句法分析】冒号后面为四个并列句。第一个分句用了“keep+宾语+宾补”结构；第三个分句中含有where引导的表语从句。【典型例句】 thats where the battle broke out. 那就是战斗发生的地方。 that was where we camped last time. 那就是上次我们野营的地方。【练习】a reading room is_(你可以看报纸的地方) and magazines as well as books. (where)this seems to be_ (你的错误之所在). how can you say “life is only a matter of living”? (wrong) keys: (a place) where you can read newspaper where you are wrong考点/易错点 2文章句子：do not rub, as this may break any blisters and the wound may get infected.不要擦拭，因为这样会擦破水泡，伤口会感染。【考点】“get+过去分词”表被动【典型例句】in china, most workers get paid by month.在中国，大部分工人按月领工资。so, as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned, it can be very serious.因此，如你所想象的，如果你的皮肤被烧伤了，就会变得非常的严重。【练习】 别碰那滚烫的铁棍，否则你会被它的温度灼伤的。_在足球比赛中，他的腿折了。_keys:dont touch the hot stick, or youll get hurt by the high temperature. his leg got broken in the football match.考点/易错点3文章句子：as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned it can be very serious. 因此，你可以想象到，如果你的皮肤烧伤了，就可能非常严重。【考点】as 引导的非限制性定语从句【典型例句】as we had expected, the football team won the game. 正如我们所料，这支球队赢了。as we can see from his accent, he is from the northeast. 他是东北人，正如我们从他的口音中可以听得出的。【拓展】as 引导的定语从句的表达方式有：as we can see正如我们所看到的as we all know我们都知道as is known to all众所周知as is reported正如报道的那样as is often the case这是常有的事as was mentioned above正如上面所提到的【练习】 by serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself,_ can be very eye-opening and rewarding. a. whob. whichc. whatd. that_ life pace continues to speed up, were quickly losing the art of enjoyment.a. withb. whenc. whiled. askey: b d知识点2 重点语法讲解：过去分词作定语和表语为了避免重复，将句子中一个或者几个成分省去，这种语法现象叫省略。省略是为了避免重复，突出中心信息而使上下文紧密连接的一种语法手段。运用省略的目的之一就是节约用词、避免重复。一般来说，只要不会损害结构或引起歧义，能省略的地方就应省略。一、在由and连接的句子中，为避免重复常省略一些重复的词或词组 1. 省略共同的主语或宾语。 mr. smith picked up a coin in the road and (mr. smith) handed it to a policeman. 2. 若主语不同而谓语助动词，情态动词相同，则省略后面的助动词或情态动词。 jack must have been playing football and mary (must have been)doing her homework. 3. 若主语与谓语动词相同，则省略后面的主谓成分。 his advice made me happy, but (his advice made) jim angry. 4. 若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略主要动词及后续部分。 i was born in winter in 1988 and bob (was born in winter) in 1989. 5. 省略重复的介词，连词及后续部分。 he was late because he had overslept and (because he had) missed the train.二、状语从句的省略 1. 在when, while, whenever, till, as soon as, if, unless, as if, though, as, whether等引导的状语从句中，若谓语有be, 而主语有跟主句主语相同或是it时，则从句的主语和be常被省略。as (he was) young, he was a store-keeper. his opinion, whether (it is) right or wrong, would be considered. 2. 在as, than, however, whatever, no matter what等引导的从句中常省略某些成分。 anyone, no matter who (he is), may point out our shortcomings. i can only do it the way as (i was) told to (do it that way). 3. 虚拟条件句常省略if，将were, had, should 提前构成部分倒装。 should there be a flood = (if there should be a flood), what should we do? 4. 有些状语从句置于句末，可作句尾省略，有时可省略整个从句。 john will go there if my brother will (go). i would have come yesterday (if i had wanted to).三、定语从句和名词性从句中的省略 1. 在限定性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词whom, which, that可省略；在以the sameas和such as引出的某些定语从句中，也可省略与主句相同部分。 the girl (who/whom/that) the teacher spoke to is liu ying. i dont like such books as this (is). 2. 定语从句中的“主语+系动词be”可以省略。 the goods (which were) ordered last month havent arrived yet. 3. 在know, think, consider, suppose, find, believe, say, decide等动词后面所接的宾语从句中，连词that可以省略；若带有多个宾语从句，只有第一个that可省略，其余的则不能。 i think (that) it will clear up(转晴)this afternoon. he said(that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart. 4. 由which, when, where, how和why引导的宾语从句，可全部或部分省略。 he will come back, but he doesnt know when (he will come back). 5. 在与suggest, request, order, advise等词相关的名词性从句中，须用虚拟语气形式“should+动词原形”，should可省略。 the officer ordered that his men (should) fire. it is suggested that we (should) go to see the film.四、复合句中特殊的省略现象 1. 主句省略多用于句首，在答句中，主句或者一些成分可全部省略。 (it is a) pity that i didnt go to marys birthday party yesterday. 2. 省略一个从句或从句的一部分，可用so或not代替。 1) -she may not be free today. -if so (so=she is not free today), we will have to report the manager. 2) -is he feeling better today? -im afraid not (not=he isnt feeling better today).五、动词不定式省略，只保留to的场合 1. 不定式作某些动词的宾语时，常见动词如like, love, care, hope, wish, expect, afford, forget, prefer, refuse, mean, try, oblige（强迫）,advice, persuade, agree, want, remember, manage等。 you can do it this way if you care to. -you should have thanked her before you left. -i mean to, but when i was leaving i couldnt find her anywhere. 2. 不定式在句中作某些动词后的宾补或主补时，常见的有ask, tell, advise, force, persuade, wish, allow, permit等。 she wants to come but her parents wont allow to. 3. 不定式在句中作某些形容词的状语时，常见形容词如happy, glad, eager, anxious, willing, ready等。 i think she should get a job, but you cant force her to if shes not ready to -ill be away on a business trip. could you mind looking after my cat? -not at all. id be happy to. 4. 不定式作某些复合谓语时，常见结构如be able to, be going to , have to, ought to, used to等。he doesnt like fish but he used to.注意：当省略的内容是作动词用的have或be的任何形式时,to 后面保留原形have或be。 he didnt come, but he ought to have.alice is not what she used to be.六、动词不定式符号to的省略 1. 主语部分有to do，系动词是 is或was时，作表语的不定式通常省略to。 the only thing you have to do is (to) press the button. 2. 作介词but, except, besides的宾语时，前面有实义动词do时，常省略不定式符号to。 tom had nothing to do besides answer betters this morning. 3. 当两个或多个不定式并列时，其后的不定式符号可省略，但有对比关系时则不省略。 it is easier to make a plan than to carry it out. 4. 在see, watch, notice, hear, listen to, look at, feel, have make, let, leave, observe等词后作宾语补足语时，省略不定式符号to；why (not)do结构中不定式不带to。 did you notice her enter the room? why not join us?七、介词的省略 1. 一些常和动名词、形容词一起搭配的介词常省略，而保留其后的动名词，常见的句型有spend/waste time(in)doing, lose no time(in)doing, have difficult/trouble (in) doing, be busy (in) doing, stop/prevent sb. (from) doing 等。 the heavy rain prevented him (from) arriving there on time. she lost no time (in) giving the patient first aid. 2. 表示时间的介词at, on和in 用在next, last, this, these, yesterday, tomorrow, one, any, every, each, some, all等词之前，一般皆省略，表示一段时间状语之前的for也可省略。 we go to school every day except sunday. we have been here (for) three weeks. (否定句中不能省略for). 3. 表示行为方式的in在in this way, in the same way, in another way等词组中，经常被省略。 he did it (in) this way.八、会话中的省略省略在会话中应用广泛，无论是回答别人问题，还是在接别人说话时都会发生，否则就觉得累赘。 -do you like this shirt? -yes, (i like it) very much. (come) this way, please. -what do you think made mary so upset? -losing her bicycle (made her so upset).三、例题精析教学建议说明：此处内容主要用于教师课堂的精讲，每个题目结合试题本身、答案和解析部分。例题1【题干】ill be away on a business trip. would you mind looking after my coat?not at all, _.a. ive no timeb. id rather notc. id like itd. id be happy to【答案】d【解析】动词不定式替代，省略了look after your coat。例题2【题干】what do you think made tom unhappy?_his new bicycle again.a. as he lost b. lostc. losing d. because of losing【答案】c【解析】动名词作主语，省略了made tom unhappy。例题3this is an illness that may result in total blindness if_.a. being left untreated b. left untreatedc. not left treating d. not having left untreated 【答案】b【解析】状语从句省略了it is。例题4【题干】i had invited 50 guests to the party, but actually twice_ came.a.more than b.as manyc.as much d. less than【答案】d【解析】省略了as 50 guests。例题5【题干】we are going to dig a deep well in our village.what _?a. byb. ofc. withd.at【答案】a【解析】全句是“what do you dig a deep well by?”。状语从句省略了i am。例题6【题干】are there any english story-books for us students in the library?there are only a few,_. a.if any b.if have c.if some d.if has【答案】a【解析】状语从句省略了there are。四 、课堂运用教学建议说明：在对课堂知识讲解完，把握了重点突破了难点以及练习精讲了之后，再用练习进行课堂巩固或检测，根据学生情况建议分3个难度层次：易，中，难。基础对下列句子进行必要的省略1.the burn that she got from the iron was red and it was very painful._2. just take a short break if you are tired_3. only some of the students have done a first aid course but most of the students havent done first aid course._4. who do you suggest should be sent to work there?_5.she stood at the gate as if she was waiting for someone._【答案】1. the burn she got from the iron was red and very painful.2. just take a short break if tired. 3.only some of the students have done a first aid course but most havent.4.who do you suggest be sent to work there?5. she stood at the gate as if waiting for someone. 巩固6. the boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street but his mother told him_. a. not tob. not to doc. not do itd. do not do 【答案】a【解析】动词不定式替代省略了ride his bicycle in the street。7.i be away on a business trip. would you mind looking after my cat? not at all, _. a. ive no time b. id rather not c. id liked. id be happy to 【答案】d【解析】动词不定式替代省略了look after your cat。8.alice, why didnt you come yesterday? i_,but i had an unexpected visitor. a. had b. wouldc. was going tod. did【答案】c【解析】动词不定式替代省略了come，表示过去没有实现的打算。9.janes pale face suggested that she_ill and her parents suggested that she _a medical examination. a. be; should have b. was; havec. should be; hadd. was;has【答案】b【解析】suggest表示建议用虚拟，从句中可以省略should。10. it is necessary that the problem_at once. a.solvesb. should solve c. will be solved d. be solved【答案】d【解析】虚拟从句中省略了should。拔高11. _ (必要时), you can send me an e-mail.12. _ (不管是真是假), the story is interesting.13. he gave _ (和从前一样的回答).14. _ (为什么不) go and help him at once?15. arent you the manager?no, and i _ (不想当).16. the patient feels better than yesterday.i know _ (他好多了).17. he opened his mouth _ (好像要说话).18. he may not stay at home. _ (如果那样的话), leave him a message.19. ill try my best to read more books _ (如果可能的话).20. will you join us in the discussion? _ (非常高兴).【答案】11.when necessary 12.whether true or false 13.the same answer as before 14.why not15.dont want to be 16.he does 17.as if to say something 18.if so 19.if possible 20.ill be glad to课堂小结教学建议说明：教师对本节课应掌握的知识作一个小结，将本堂课应掌握的内容做一个概要陈述。1、reading中重点句子分析知识点1(1) it is/was+被强调部分+that+句子的其他成分。(2)there is no doubt that毫无疑问，为固定句式，that从句为同位语从句考点/易错点 2【考点】“get+过去分词”表被动考点/易错点3【考点】as 引导的非限制性定语从句2、重点语法讲解：省略（1）在由and连接的句子中，为避免重复常省略一些重复的词或词组；（2）状语从句的省略；（3）定语从句和名词性从句中的省略；（4）复合句中特殊的省略现象；（5）动词不定式省略，只保留to的场合；（6）动词不定式符号to的省略；（7）介词的省略；（8）会话中的省略。课后作业教学建议说明：讲解完本章的知识点，布置课后作业，让学生巩固知识，建议也分三个层次，每个层次3-5题基础1. everybody is going to climb the mountain. can i go too, mom?_wait till you are old enough, dear.a. will you?b. why not?c. i hope so. d. im afraid not.【答案】d【解析】句意：“每个人都要去登山。妈妈，我也可以去吗？”“恐怕不能。得等到你足够大的时候，亲爱的。”will you?“是吗？”，why not?“为什么不呢？”，i hope so.“我希望如此”，三者均不符合句意。应选d项“恐怕不能”。2. the experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if _ regularly, can improve our health.a. being carried out b. carrying outc. carried out d. to carry out 【答案】c【解析】句意：实验表明如果有规律地进行适量的运动（锻炼），会增进我们的健康。此处if引导省略句，全句应为：if proper amounts of exercise are carried out regularly。根据省略的原则，把相同的主语和系动词be省去，就只剩下carried out regularly。3. whats the matter with della?well, her parents wouldnt allow her to go to the party, but she still _.a. hopes to b. hopes soc. hopes not d. hopes for【答案】a【解析】考查省略句。英语中，可以使用so, not或其他手段来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。其答语的完整形式是：., but she still hopes to go to the party.句意为：“德拉怎么了？”“哦，她父母不让她去参加晚会，但她仍然希望去。”4. had i know about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy _.a. would have been savedb. had been savedc. will be saved d. was saved【答案】a【解析】句意：如果我知道这个电脑程序，就会节省大量的时间和精力。由上句had i know 可知，从句为与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，省略了if。那么主句谓语形式应为would have done。5. mary wanted to travel with her friends, but her mother told her _.a. not to b. not to doc. not do it d. do not to【答案】a【解析】句意为：玛丽想和朋友去旅行，但是她妈妈告诉她不能去。不定式作宾语补足语，其后的内容常被省略，只保留不定式符号to。6. do you think we will have a long holiday next month?_ . a. i believe not b. i believe not soc. i dont believe it d. i dont believe【答案】a【解析】句意为：你认为下个月我们会有一个长假吗？我认为不会。7. he decided not to say anything at the meeting unless _.a. asking to b. to ask toc. asked to d. ask to【答案】c【解析】选c。句意为：他决定在会上什么也不说，除非被要求。unless asked to 相当于unless he was asked to say something。8. have you watered the flowers?no, but _.a. i amb. im goingc. im just going tod. i will go【答案】c【解析】句意为：你浇花了没？没有，不过我正打算浇。im going to 相当于im just going to water the flowers。9. he hasnt turned up at the party so far. well, he _.a. should b. ought toc. ought to go d. ought to have【答案】d【解析】句意为：到目前为止，他还没到宴会。哦，他本应该到了。10. the war is very likely to break out in the near