设计比赛让世界各地的设计师们有机会重塑底特律最著名的破败建筑之一.doc

From Car Factory to Urban Building Block底特律汽车工厂变城市建筑群原文地址：/CEMagazine/Article.aspx?id=23622332562#.VD8zmnkUE78Competition gives designers around the world the chance to“reanimate” one of Detroits most famous ruins. 设计比赛让世界各地的设计师们有机会重塑底特律最著名的破旧建筑之一。October 7, 2014The first part of Detroits Packard Plant, a multiple-building complex designed by Albert Kahn in 1903, opened its doors in 1903, but the facility continued to be expanded until 1915. The behemoth featured the worlds first use of a reinforced-concrete structural system for the automotive industry and led to what was known as the Kahn system of reinforcement. Developed and patented by Khans brother Julius Khan, the system used steel rebar that was bent and frayed at the ends to increase its interaction with concrete and improve shear, and was used internationally in the design of the first skyscrapers.2014年10月7日底特律帕卡德（Detroits Packard Plant）汽车厂第一部分,是一幢阿尔伯特卡恩（Albert Kahn）于1903年设计并于当年建成使用的多功能综合楼,此后该大楼继续扩建,一直到1915年。此庞然大物是世界汽车工业中第一个使用钢筋混泥土结构系统的建筑，后来形成了所谓的卡恩加固系统（the Kahn system of reinforcement）。此系统由卡恩的兄弟朱利叶斯.卡恩（Julius Khan）,开发并申请专利，使用弯曲并且端部磨损的钢筋增加其与混凝土的相互作用从而提高抗剪能力,该系统被用于设计国际上第一座摩天大楼。The Packard Plant presaged modern manufacturing facility engineering. For close to 50 years the enormous facility, more than half a mile long, churned out luxury Packard automobiles. When the last Packard rolled off the line in 1954, the factory, much like the city, began a long and slow decline. Today the facility is a hulking symbol of both Detroits long deterioration and its underlying resiliency.帕卡德（Detroits Packard Plant）汽车厂预示了现代制造业建筑设施工程发展的方向。近50年里，这超过半英里长的庞大建筑设施里, 生产了豪华帕卡德汽车。当帕卡德（Detroits Packard Plant）汽车厂在1954年关闭最后一条生产线时,它就像这个城市一样,开始了漫长而缓慢的衰落。今天它就是底特律长期衰退和具有潜在的复苏弹性的庞大象征。“Even though the plant has suffered blight, fire, abandonment, and copper scrapping, the over-built shells of the structure continue to stand,” says architectural historian Kari Smith, LEED-AP, a project manager for the Packards current owner, Lima, Peru-based Arte Express.“尽管该工厂遭受过破坏,大火,被荒废过以及被拆除过铜构件,它过度建设的壳形结构继续保留着，”建筑历史学家卡瑞.史密斯（Kari Smith）说,他是美国绿色建筑协会注册认证专业人士(LEED-AP),帕卡德工厂当前所有者（Lima, Peru-based Arte Express）的项目经理。Now the Packard, improbably, could become the most powerful symbol of Detroits slow rebound. The organization Parallel Projections hosted a design competition to develop a new vision for the aging complex. Parallel Projections was launched by designer Kyle Beneventi and two colleagues, Keelan Hanks and Zach Eling. The architecture school graduates had participated in competitions and found that many were focused on lofty ideas and academic exploration but lacked real-world application, according to Beneventi. He and his peers wanted to create a new class of competition that could “connect innovative academic exploration with policy makers and architecture firms and really try to get into how these design ideas can address the built e and relevant social issues.”现在,帕卡德可能会成为底特律缓慢复苏最有力的象征。Parallel Projections组织举办了一个为旧建筑综合体制定新的前景规划的设计比赛。Parallel Projections组织是由设计师凯尔.比利文迪( Kyle Beneventi)和两位同事凯兰汉克斯（Keelan Hanks）和扎克.厄林（Zach Eling）创办的。根据比利文迪( Kyle Beneventi)的说法，一些建筑学院毕业生以前参加过比赛,很多人专注于崇高的思想和学术探索但作品缺乏现实应用性。他和他的同事想要创建一种新的比赛类型能够“把创新的学术探索与政策制定者及建筑事务所紧紧的联系起来真正地弄清楚这些设计思想怎样解决建造问题和相关社会问题。”For their inaugural competition, which they call Reanimate the Ruins, they chose Detroit, a city with no shortage of social issues. “We began researching, and through our research we found that Detroits decline was in part due to its sprawl,” says Beneventi. “We thought it was ironic that Motor Citys decline was caused in part by the motor car itself.” 揭幕赛，他们叫“重塑废墟”（Reanimate the Ruins），他们选择了不乏各种社会问题的底特律市。“我们开始研究,通过我们的研究,我们发现底特律的衰落在一定程度上归于扩张,”比利文迪（Beneventi）说。“我们觉得这很讽刺,汽车城的衰落部分原因是汽车本身。” They found even more irony in using an abandoned car plant to explore ways to turn the citys fortunes around. “We were hoping that this competition would address both the urban scale by creating a secondary node of density to support the city center,” says Beneventi, “and then address the architectural scale by providing the necessary program to make each node successful. ”他们觉得更讽刺是使用一个废弃的汽车厂来探索如何扭转城市的命运。“我们希望这次比赛通过创建一个支持城市中心的辅助密度节点来解决城市规模问题,”比利文迪（Beneventi）说,“然后通过提供必要的程序使每个节点成功来解决建筑规模问题。” “In looking at other successful urban conditions, that was a consistent theme: as things grow out from the city center, you need secondary density to support and feed back in,” he explains. “看其他城市成功的要素知道,它们有一个相同的特点:城市从中心开始发展，需要辅助密度节点来支持和反哺,”他解释说。 The Packard plant, located about 5 mi from downtown, was an ideal place to test the theory, but the trio left the brief vague. “We assigned the site and raised the issues but we didnt want to be too prescriptive with what program we were requesting,” says Beneventi. “We wanted the designers to have a little more freedom in their exploration.” 帕卡德厂,距市中心约5英里,是检验这一理论的理想地方,但是三人委员会只给出了模糊的设计概要。“我们指定改造地点和提出要解决的问题,但我们不想按项目要求的那样规定太死,”比利文迪（Beneventi）说。“我们希望设计师有更自由的探索。” Officially announced in May, the competition garnered entries from more than 200 designers from 30 countries by July. The designers were both students and professionals, and they worked within several design disciplines. Winners were announced in August. 5月比赛正式宣布,7月之前来自30个国家的200多名设计师报名参赛。设计师都是学生和专业人士,他们在好几个设计学科学习工作。8月份公布获奖者名单。 “I knew about Detroitthe perils of the city and its recent bankruptcy, along with its history,” says New York-based designer Javier Galindo, whose entry, The Packard Belt, won second place. “It is a story that is poignant for me since I was born in Havana, a city that has also become synonymous with destruction and ruin.” “我了解底特律市它的危险，最近的破产消息,以及它的历史,”纽约设计师Javier Galindo说，他的作品叫帕卡德带（The Packard Belt）,获得第二名。“这是一个对我来说辛酸的事情,因为我出生在哈瓦那,这个城市也是破坏和毁灭的代名词。”Galindo started by asking himself what kind of building these ruins once were. “Obviously it was a building in which cars were born,” he says. That got him thinking about the relationship between cars and buildings. “The relationship between the car and the building has often been very autonomous. The car is for the street, the building is for people, and they rarely crisscross. This condition is what I wanted to counteract in favor of a more inclusive and integrated system. It seemed the perfect opportunity and place to reignite this dialogue.” Galindo开始问自己这些废墟以前是什么样的建筑。“很明显这是一个生产汽车的建筑,”他说。这让他考虑汽车和建筑之间的关系。“汽车和建筑之间的关系常常不相干。汽车是在街上跑的，建筑是住人的,它们很少有联系。我想通过更具包容性的综合系统改变这种情况。似乎完美的机遇和地点才能重燃这种对话。” Galindos plan calls for linking the different parts of the long plant with a beltlike structure that angles through the entire site. This 60 ft wide structure would house a linear automotive museum and would accommodate cars as well as pedestrians. The various ends of the belt would be used for urban agriculture. Galindo的设计需要通过一个带状结构连接工厂不同部分，该连接物使整个场地形成一个角度。这个60英尺宽的结构将形成一个直线型汽车博物馆，能够容纳车辆以及行人。不同带状物结构将用于城市农业。 “The serpentine belt is a way to stitch all those different parts together,” says Galindo. “I thought of a promenade or passage through the building in which the car serves as the main transportation system as a way to rebrand the updated plant in its relationship to Detroits car culture.” “蛇形带状物是将所有这些不同部分连成一体的方法,”Galindo说。“我想到了一种在建筑里使用的步行区或走廊，在它里面汽车作为主要的交通系统，以此将底特律的汽车文化重塑到新工厂里”。 The third-place entry, Ecological Engineering Center Detroit (EECD), was designed by Toni Yli-Suvanto, a principal of Helsinki-based Toni Yli-Suvanto Architects. “What I wanted to explore was how to take advantage of this potential and not let it vanish and not let it fall apart,” says Yli-Suvanto. “And how can you convert the situation into the benefit of Detroit?” 第三名，生态工程中心底特律（Ecological Engineering Center Detroit ),是由Toni Yli-Suvanto设计,他是Helsinki-based Toni Yli-Suvanto Architects建筑事务所负责人。“我想要探讨的是如何利用这一生态潜力,不让它消失,不让它崩溃,”Yli-Suvanto说。“你怎么能将这种潜力转化为底特律的优势?” Yli-Suvanto imagined a hybrid space, complete with residential, entertainment, market, research, and work spaces for people with a range of job types. Yli-Suvanto would renovate two large volumes, which bookend the northern and southern sides, into an aquaponic food-production plant and a waste-to-energy plant. The former would feature a vegetable farm fed by nutrients from fish waste; the vegetables in turn would purify the water for the fish. Yli-Suvanto设想出这样一种混合空间,配有住宅、娱乐、市场、科研和工作的空间，供不同工作的人们使用。Yli-Suvanto将翻新两大空间,贯穿南北,形成一个复合食品生产工厂和一个废物转化为能源的工厂。前者是一个蔬菜农场，养料来自鱼类粪便;蔬菜反过来净化养鱼的水源。 The energy plant consists of another closed cycle, using organic waste from the community, the aquaponic farm, and the rest of the EECD. Using aerobic processes and composting, the system would release biogas and convert the waste to nutrients that could be used by the plants. The process would also generate gray water for reuse in certain applications. 能源工厂由另一个闭合循环系统组成,它使用来自社区和复合农场的有机肥料，以及生态工程中心（the EECD）剩余能源。该系统使用有氧处理和堆肥的方式产生沼气，将废物转化为可供工厂利用的养料。这个过程也会产生灰水在其他方面使用。The design also attempts to keep as much of the sites industrial feel as possible. “I thought it would honor the past,” says Yli-Suvanto. “There is something symbolic in the whole volume of these renovated plants. They have a common denominator that provides a lot of jobs and contributes to the environment and mitigation of climate change.” 该设计也试图尽可能保留该地的工业感。“我认为这将纪念过去,”Yli-Suvanto说。“有一些象征性的东西在这些翻新的工厂里。它们有一个共同的特点,就是提供了大量的就业机会以及有利于环境和减缓气候变化。” Most of the historic Packard Plant site was purchased in late 2013 for $405,000 by Arte Express, which specializes in revitalizing historic, undervalued, abandoned buildings in cities as far flung as Madrid, Barcelona, and most recently, Lima. In the Peruvian capital, Arte Express revitalized more than 25 buildings in the once seedy historic core, bringing in retail and commercial development. The work, says Smith, “basically brought back the historic center of Lima. We see this project following that model.” 大部分具有历史性的帕卡德厂址在2013年底以405000美元的价格卖给了Arte Express,这家机构专门从事振兴具有历史性的,被低估的,废弃的城市建筑，例如在马德里,巴塞罗那,以及最近在利马的项目。在秘鲁首都,Arte Express复苏了超过25栋曾是历史核心的建筑,做法是引进零售业和发展商业。秘鲁这些项目,史密斯（Smith）说,“基本上恢复了利马的历史中心地位。我们认为这个项目也要复制这种模式”。Beneventi says raising awareness is the first step of the process of moving the site forward. “The people who have the position or the means to make expensive changes dont always have the staff or the vision,” he says. “Our first step is just to connect those two. I think that was successfully done. ” From there, they hope to continue to act as facilitators so that ideas from the competition can be elaborated upon. Beneventi说唤起意识是推动这个项目发展的第一步。“有地位的人或者有能力改变的人并不总是有人参谋或者有意愿,”他说。“我们第一步就是连接这二者。我认为已经成功完成。“从那时起,他们希望继续充当协调者，以便来自比赛的创意可以得到详细阐述。 The Packard may yet become, in Beneventis words, the poster child for successful adaptive use, setting a high bar both for urban planning and sustainable design. “We do believe that the Packard has the potential to become a positive icon for Detroit again.” 帕卡德还可能成为,用Beneventi的话来说,改造性应用的成功典范,设立了一个城市规划和可持续发展设计的标杆。“我们确实认为,帕卡德有可能再次成为底特律向上发展的积极形象。” “Today, any redevelopment of the Packard site will have considerable challenges,” notes Dan Kinkead, the director of projects for Detroit Future City, a nonprofit focused on revitalizing the city and a competition juror. “One would certainly struggle to identify any discernable conventional market for residential/retail/commercial, etc. On the other hand, many less conventional uses appear to have broader application, including agriculture and energy production. The location and physical structure of Packard make it an intriguing candidate for these uses. This gives it a fundamental value proposition that other properties may not have.” “今天,帕卡德厂址的任何重建都会有相当大的挑战,”丹泰伯（Dan Kinkead）说，他是底特律未来城市项目（projects for Detroit Future City）主任,底特律未来城市是一家非营利组织，致力于振兴城市，也是该比赛的陪审员。“肯定很难再找出任何可辨别的住宅/零售/商业等传统市场。另一方面,许多非传统项目似乎有更广泛的应用前景,包括农业和能源生产。帕卡德的位置和物理结构使其成为一个适用于这些应用的有趣的候选者。这让它有了一个其他建筑可能没有的基本价值。” The property spans 3.5 million sq ft. Smith says that the company envisions the complete revitalization of the 40-acre site within an 8-to-15-year window. Arte Express believes between 80 and 85 percent of the structure can be renovated. “The conversion of a historic area on the east side of Detroit with this scale and magnitude will spur job creation, further development, and bring amenities to the neighborhood surrounding the Packard plantall of which are very needed,” Smith says. “Detroit is ready for something to happen on the east side thats going to bring positive change. The Packard Plant is the beginning of that change.” 这些建筑占地350万平方英尺。史密斯（Smith）说,该公司设想完整振兴这40英亩厂址要8到15年窗口期。Arte Express 相信80%至85%的结构可以翻新。“这具有历史性的地区位于底特律东区，这么大规模和程度的改造将刺激就业,促进发展,并使帕卡德厂周边街区受益，所有这些是非常必要的,”史密斯说。“底特律东区已经做好准备迎接积极改变。帕卡德厂是改变的开始。” The competition was under way before Arte Express purchased the property. “Owner Fernando Palazuelo and I were very impressed by the design competition in general,” she says. “We are very interested in several of the entries. ” The company is close to launching its website, , which will show progress on the development, information, and photos of the history of the plant and may include some of the entries of the competition. 比赛在Arte Express购买工厂之前就进行了。“Fernando Palazuelo老板和我对比赛总体上印象非常深刻,”她说。“我们对一些作品非常感兴趣。”该公司即将推出自己的网站,,该网站将展示项目的发展,信息,和工厂的历史照片,也可能展示一些比赛作品。When asked about the design entries that might inspire their own work, Smith noted the winning entry, Cross the Plant, which was produced by Paris-based Nadau Laverge Architectures. “His ideas on layout, scope, and use ties in very well to what were coming up with for the master plan,” Smith says. “He obviously recognized the importance of retaining the historic architecture.” 当被问及可能会激发自己工作灵感的设计作品时,史密斯提到了获胜作品,“穿过工厂”（Cross the Plant），它是由Paris-based Nadau Laverge Architectures建筑事务所设计的。“该作品在布局、范围和使用方面的想法很好地吻合了我们提出的总体规划,”史密斯说。”他显然认识到了保留历史建筑的重要性。” Crossing the Plant envisions reubranizing the complex with a straightforward mixed use of shops, offices, and housing along the long north-south spine of the plant, as well as the creation of a new east-west axis. The site would be surrounded by green space for agriculture, recreation, and wind power. “穿越工厂”（Crossing the Plant）作品设想再造这栋综合体，做法是将沿工厂南北脊的商店,办公室和住房直接混合使用,同时创建新的东西向轴线。该地周围有农业生态空间，娱乐设施,风能发电设施。 “We decide to take part in the competition because the subject is very interesting,” says Vincent Lavergne, a principa