英语中条件关系的写法.doc

6条件关系的写法I. 表达条件及条件关系：从广义上讲，条件关系也是一种因果关系。在汉语中，条件关系常常不用“如果”表示，而是用“谁谁”、“时”、“随着”和“有”之类来表示，或者在更多的情况下，隐藏在上下文中。中国学生受汉语思维的影响，往往用独立的单句来表达表示条件关系，不会用连接手段，希望考生特别留意，有意识地加以克服。我们需要掌握的是：连接词：if / the more, the more., / no matter / unless介词及词组：with / without / under in conditions / under the condition of动词及词组：set lay down conditions / meet satisfy / fulfill a condition名词及词组：living working; good; terrible; whether; cold; icy; windy; normal; difficult; financial; hygienic conditions / physical mental condition （注意：表示身体条件，不用复数）例句：1. 在碳水化合物提供热量不足的情况下，蛋白质和脂肪将首先被消耗以提供热量。If carbohydrate cannot provide enough calories, protein and fat will be first used to provide calories.If the calories provided by carbohydrate is insufficient, protein and fat will be first consumed to supplement calories.2. 只有均衡营养素，小儿才能正常发育和健康。Only under the condition of balanced nutrition can children grow normally and healthily. （句首是only引导的状语，主句的谓语动词倒装。）Only with balanced nutrition can children grow normally and healthily. （句首是only引导的状语，主句的谓语动词倒装。）3. 没有大学生的正确认识和主动参与，学校的心理咨询不能充分发挥作用。Without correct understanding and active participation of college students, the mental consultation in colleges cannot play its full role.Unless college students understand and take part in it, the mental consultation in colleges cannot play its full role. unless 等于if notIf college students do not understand or take part in it, the mental consultation in colleges cannot play its full role. 4. 忽视人的心理社会背景，怎能实现医学的最终目的？If the mental and social factors of people are ignored overlooked, how can the final goal of medicine be achieved fulfilled?Without much attention to peoples mental and social backgrounds, how can the final goal of medicine be achieved fulfilled?5. 随着社会的发展，影响人类健康的因素及医学模式也都有所改变。With the development of society, factors that affect peoples health and modes of medicine are changing.6. 未来，谁掌握了健康教育，谁就掌握了自己的健康和命运。*In the future, who master health education who master their health and fate. wrongIn the future, if you do well in health education, you can control your health and fate.In the future, whoever grasps masters health education controls his or her health and fate.In the future, unless you do well in health education, you can not control your health and fate.7. 在寒冷环境下运动，机体血管扩展，大大降低了身体对寒冷的抵抗能力。Under cold conditions Under the condition of cold weather, blood vessels are expanded and the cold-resistance of the body is greatly reduced.If you take exercise in clod weather, the blood vessels of your body are expended so that your cold-resistance is greatly reduced.8. 对于心、肝、肾有严重疾病的人或脑血管病、溃疡、关节炎患者，以及妇女在月经期均不宜冬泳。If a person suffers from severe illnesses of heart, liver and kidney or other grave diseases, or if a woman is in a period, it is not good for him or her to go in for winter swimming.In case of severe illnesses of heart, liver and kidney, or other grave diseases, or a womans period, it is not good for one to go in for winter swimming.It is not good for people with many diseases and women in special period to go in for winter swimming.9. 冬季有晨练习惯的人，遇大雾天，最好在室内进行。If it is a heavy foggy day in winter, it is advisable to do morning exercise indoors.In case of a heavy foggy day in winter, it is advisable to do morning exercise indoors.10. 在天气过于寒冷时，最好不要外出锻炼。If the weather is too cold, it is not good to do exercise outdoors in the open air.Under too cold conditions Under the condition of a too cold weather, it is not advisable to do exercise outdoors in the open air.In case of a too cold day, youd better not to go out to do exercise.II表达取决于、依赖于、受制于、基于、靠、决定：从广义上讲，“取决于、受制于”之类的意念是一种条件关系。动词及词组：depend on / determine sth / be determined by / be based on / rely on sbsth to do sth / rely on sb sth for sth形容词及词组：dependent on 介词及词组：depending on / according to 例句：1. 烧伤的程度由烧伤的原因、面积和受伤部位决定，What caused the burn, how large an area was burned, and what part of the body was burned determine just how serious the burn is.Severity of a burn is determined by dependent on its cause, area and location.2. 急救措施总是根据最严重的烧伤程度来决定的。First aid measures are always based on the worst burn.First aid measures are always taken according to the worst burn.First aid measures depend always on the worst burn3. 青年人的强烈的好奇心是由本能决定的。The strong curiosity of young people is determined by dependent on instinct.4. 大学心理咨询依赖于广大学生的积极参与。College psychological consultation relies on numerous college students to take an active part in it.College psychological consultation relies on active participation involvement of numerous college students.5. 慢性病患者的生活质量并不完全取决于其疾病症状的严重程度。The quality of life of patients with chronic diseases is not totally dependent on determined by the severity of their symptoms.The quality of life of patients with chronic diseases does not totally depend on the severity of their symptoms.The severity of symptoms does not totally determine the quality of life of patients with chronic diseases.6. 医患关系的完全正常化取决于医疗制度的彻底改革。Total normalization of doctor-patient relationship depends on relies on / is dependent on the thorough reform of medical system.练习:1. 污染物吸入人体易引起一些呼吸和过敏性疾病。If one breathes in some pollution pollutants / dirty things, one is likely to develop respiratory and allergic diseases.*Compare: Pollution Pollutants / Dirty things breathed into the body can lead to cause / result in respiratory and allergic diseases.2. 现代社会生活节奏日益加快，竞争日趋激烈。With the increasingly rapid pace of life, competitions become increasingly fiercer in the modern society.The quicker the life pace (is), the fiercer the competition (is) in the modern society.3. 过度节食者难免精疲力尽。If one keeps an excessive diet, one is likely to feel exhausted.4. 当快节奏、高强度的工作需要你付出更大能量时，健康的身体能够游刃有余地释放潜能。If hard and pressing work demands much more of your energy, your healthy body can provide it at once.In case of hard and pressing work, ones healthy body can freely provide more energy to deal with it.5. 每隔一段时间到林木茂盛的风景区踏青，可以令人体吐故纳新、调和呼吸、阴阳协调。If one often goes on an outing to a park with a lot of trees, one can breathe in fresh air and feel very comfortable.6. 在负离子充沛的地方，人们感到心旷神怡、精神振奋。If one goes to a place full of anions, one will feel refreshed and energetic.7. 如果在条件许可的情况下，幼儿的早餐通常以适量的牛奶、鸡蛋和面包为佳。Under possible conditions, young children have milk, eggs and bread for breakfast.If conditions permit, young children can have milk, eggs and bread for breakfast.8. 如果常吃油炸的食品，可增加患癌症的危险。If one often eats fried foods, his risk of developing a cancer will increase.If one often eats fried foods, he will run take increased risk of developing a cancer.9. 随着社会观念的变化和政策环境的改善，民营医院必能与公立医院互争高低，从而为人民群众提供更多更好的医疗服务。With the change of social ideas and improvement of policies, private-owned hospitals will be able to compete with public ones and provide people with better medical services.10. 艾滋病传染要有一个条件：体液接触。AIDS can be spread only under the condition of contact of body liquids.Only under the condition of contact of body liquids can AIDS be spread.The condition of AIDS spreading is contact of body liquids.11. 吸两支烟，10分钟后收缩压和舒张压都升高。If one smokes two cigarettes, his blood pressure will increase in 10 minutes.With two cigarettes, the blood pressure will increase in 10 minutes.12. 随着现代医学技术的发展，需要不断完善公共卫生体系建设。With the development of modern medical technology, it is necessary to improve the system of public health care.13. 如果不采取一些行之有效的措施制止过度医疗现象，政府不满意，人民群众不满意，有良知的医务工作者也不满意。If we do not take effective measures to stop end excessive medical treatment, the government, people and good medical workers are all not happy.14. 如果医生在交流过程中耐心、温和地讲解，那将会产生良好的心理治疗效果。If a doctor explains patiently and kindly during the communication, good results of mental therapy treatment can be achieved.15. 如果人类平均寿命无节制地延长，将会给人类带来很多伦理困惑。If the human life expectancy is extended without any limit, it will cause many ethical problems.If the human life expectancy is prolonged without any limit, it will bring human beings many ethical problems.16. 如果这种情况的出现，这对人类来说将是一场灾难。If this situation occurs happens / takes place, it will be a disaster to human beings.17. 如果进行环境因素检测或行为生活方式调查，能够发现危险因素的存在。If assessment of environmental factors or investigation of life style is done, risk factors can be found.With assessment of environmental factors or investigation of life style, it can be found that there are risk factors in the environment or life style.18. 随着危险因素数量增加及作用时间延长，危险因素转化为致病因素对机体产生危害的作用逐渐显现。With the increasing number and effects of risk factors, they begin to become factors that cause diseases and produce harmful effects on the body.If they increase in number and have long effects on health, the risk factors begin to turn into pathogenic factors and do harm to the body.19. 如果及时采取干预阻断措施，停止危险因素的作用，可以阻止疾病的发生。If effective measures are taken to stop end the risk factors, diseases can be prevented.With effective measures to stop end the risk factors, diseases can be prevented.20. 摄盐越多，高血压发病率也越高。The more salt one takes in, the more likely it is for one to develop hypertension.The more salt one eats, the more likely he develops hypertension.21. 在正常条件下，艾滋病越早治疗效果越好。Under In normal conditions, the earlier AIDS is treated, the better the result will be.22. 医疗设备越先进越贵。The more advanced sophisticated medical equipment is, the more expensive costly it is.23. 不管要花多少时间和金钱，我们必须整治环境污染，保障人民健康。No matter how much time and money we spend, we must deal with get rid of / stop environment pollution to protect peoples health.No matter how much time and money it takes to deal with get rid of / stop environment pollution, we must do it to protect peoples health.24. 不管气候条件（身体）如何，都应该进行适当的体育锻炼。No matter what the weather (health) is like, one should go in for a proper amount of physical training.No matter how the weather (health) is, we should do exercises that are suitable for us.25. 不管采取什么措施，我们都要尽量满足农村最必要的卫生保健条件。No matter what measures we take, we should meet satisfy / fulfill as much as possible the essential conditions of health care in the rural areas.26. 安宁疗护（Hospice Palliative Care）靠的是团队的合作与努力。Hospice Palliative Care relies on depends on / is dependent on the cooperation and efforts of a team.Hospice Palliative Care relies on a team of people to cooperate and make efforts.27. 人的存在决定人的意识。Mans social being determines his consciousness.Mans consciousness depends on is dependent on / is determined by his social being.28. 农村医疗卫生条件的改善，要靠政府加大财政投入。Improvement of the medical conditions in the countryside depends on relies on / is dependent on increased financial support by the government.29. 人的幸福感在很大程度上并不取决于获得的财富。To a great extent, a persons sense of happiness does not depend on rely on / is not dependent on / is not determined by his wealth obtained.To a great extent, a persons wealth obtained does not determine his sense of happiness.30. 现在许多医生看病主要靠各种仪器检查及化验。Now many doctors relay on medical devices and exams to make a diagnosis and treatment.Now in diagnosis and treatment, many doctors depend on are dependent on medical devices and exams.31. 健康新概念要求人们由依赖医生转向由自己把握健康。New concept of health requires people to change from relying on doctors for health into relying on themselves.New concept of health requires that people should not rely on doctors for health any more but on themselves.32. 只有医生才能决定你的健康是一个流行片面的医疗观念。It is a popular but one-sided notion that only doctors can determine your health.It is a popular but one-sided notion that your health depends only on relies only on / is dependent only on / is only determined by doctors.33. 感染是否发生取决于入侵微生物的强大与否。Whether infection occurs or not depends on is determined by / is dependent on how powerful the invading microbes are.7疾病与治疗的写法与疾病有关的意念的表达方式：I. 疾病:名词及词组：terminal serious / minor / slight / acute / chronic illness; fatal infectious / contagious / curable / incurable / heart / lung / kidney disease; stomach liver / skin disorder; disorder of the liver stomach / skin; throat ear / lung infection;a focal acute / chronic inflammation of the lungs;动词及词组：suffer from an illness a disease / a condition / a disorder / an attack;catch have / get / contract / develop a disease an illness; be feel / fall / become / get seriously ill sick with a virus measles / worry;be unwell / not be well;be prone to an illness;recover from an illness; diagnose a patient or a disease;infect sb;spread induce / pass down / inherit a disease;a disease spread through sth;例句：1. 她得了一种中枢神经方面的怪病。She suffers from a rare disease of the central nervous system.She develops has; gets a rare disease of the central nervous system.2. 人们常常不好意思承认得了精神病。People are often too embarrassed to admit that they have suffered from developed any form of mental illness.3. 她不舒服，她喉咙感染了。She is not very well, because she has a throat infection.She is not feeling very well, because she has a throat infection.She is not feeling very well, because her throat is infected.4. 像伤风这样的小病最好让它自己好。Usually it is not necessary to treat minor illnesses such as colds.Minor illnesses such as colds are usually best left to get better by themselves.5. 去那个地区旅行的人都得到劝告，要接种疫苗，以防传染病。Travelers to that area are advised to get vaccinated against infectious diseases.6. 疟疾常常不能断根，病人会在几年里反复发作。Malaria often doesnt go away completely, and a patient may suffer from repeated attacks over several years.Malaria often cannot be cured got rid of completely, and a patient may suffer from repeated attacks over several years.7. 这场病让她好虚弱，容易感染。The disease made her weak and likely to suffer from develop / have / get infections. The disease left her weak and prone to all kinks of infections.8. 这是我国慢性非传染性疾病发病的高峰期。It is a period of peak morbidity incidence of chronic and non-infectious diseases.It is a peak period of chronic and non-infectious diseases.9. HIV侵入人体后破坏人体免疫功能，使人体发生多种不可治愈的感染和肿瘤。After HIV invades a human body, it destroys the immune system and causes a variety of incurable infections and caners.10. 艾滋病是一种病死率极高的严重传染病，目前还没有治愈的药物和方法，但可预防。Being a serious infectious illness with extremely high mortality, AIDS cannot be cured now with any medicine or therapy but can be prevented.Since AIDS is a serious infectious illness with extremely high mortality, there has now been no medicine or therapy to cure it but some ways to prevent it.11. 艾滋病不会经电话机、餐饮具、卧具、游泳池或浴室等公共设施传播，也不会经咳嗽、喷嚏、蚊虫叮咬等途径传播。AIDS cannot be spread through public facilities such as telephones, tableware, bedding, swimming pools and bathrooms, or through such approaches as coughing, sneezing and mosquito bites.It is impossible for AIDS to spread through public facilities such as telephones, tableware, bedding, swimming pools and bathrooms, or through such approaches as coughing, sneezing and mosquito bites.12. 高血压是人群中患病率很高的慢性病，是多基因遗传。Hypertension is a chronic disease with high incidence morbidity among people, and can be inherited passed down through polygenes.13. 另外，病人会喘、失眠、恶心呕吐、食欲不振等。In addition, the patient may experience shortness of breath, inability to sleep, sickness and loss of appetite.14. 在农村的很多地区，严重危害农民身体健康的传统的传染病、地方病、职业病和寄生虫病等重大疾病仍未得到很好控制。In many rural areas, grave diseases that endanger farmers health, such as traditional infectious diseases, local endemic diseases, occupational diseases and parasite diseases, have not been controlled.II. 诊断和治疗：名词及词组：medical surgical treatment therapy / operation on sb / patient with (a disease) / large small doses / a sterile bandage / 动词及词组：cure sb sth / cure sb of sth / treat sb sth / treat sb with sth / receive undergo treatment / have an operation on sb / carry out conduct / perform an operation / diagnose misdiagnose a patient disease (as sth) / make a diagnosis misdiagnosis on / respond to a treatment / bandage / dressing形容词及词组：curable / incurable / therapeutic / sterile 例句：1. 得了不治之症的病人常常病急乱投医。Patients with incurable illness often seek whatever treatment they can get.Patients with incurable illness often try everything they can to treat their illness.2. 治疗疟疾，通常是给病人服用大剂量的奎宁。The usual way of treating malaria is to give the patient large doses of quinine.In treatment of malaria, the patient is usually given large doses of quinine.The malaria patient usually takes large doses of quinine.3. 采取治疗措施可以改善症状和体征。The symptoms and physical signs can be improved by medical therapeutic treatments.Medical Therapeutic treatments can result in improvement of the symptoms and physical signs.Medical Therapeutic treatments can improve the symptoms and physical signs.4. 这种治疗对他的病没有效。His illness was not responsive to the treatment therapy.His illness did not respond to the treatment.The therapy was not effective for his illness.This treatment cannot cure his disease.5. 对伤者进行不间断的看护，观察是否有呼吸困难的情况发生Keep the victim under continuous observation for breathing difficulty.Observe the victim continuously to see whether there is any breathing difficulty.Tend to the injured continuously to watch out for breathing difficulty.6. 对于任何烧伤，不可涂抹软膏（ointments）之类的东西，那样只会加重感染及体液流失。Never apply ointments on any kind of burns, because they only promote infection and loss of body fluids.7. 除非烧伤面积大，水泡多（blister），肿得厉害，一般不需要绷带包扎。Usually it is not necessary to bandage a mild burn unless it covers a large area or there is a lot of swelling and blistering.8. 如果有呼吸问题，必须保持呼吸道的畅通，尽快将伤者送往医院。If the breathing problem arises, an open airway must be maintained, and get the victim to the hospital as quickly as possible.If there is any breathing problem, try to keep the airway open and through and send the wounded to the hospi