工程硕士英语课后习题Unit11-15整理.doc

Unit 11词汇 1 The endgame is quite difficult to deal with. endgame 最后阶段；尾声2 Her uninhibited laughter surprised everybody. uninhibited nnhbtd 详细adj. 无拘束的；不受禁止的3 The country exploits its natural resoures in coal and timber. exploits详细v. 利用；开发（exploit的第三人称单数）4 The audience held their breath as the acrobat walked along the tightrope. held held 详细v. 握住（hold的过去分词）5 The citizens had some skepticism about the governments policy. skepticism skpt,szm 详细n. 怀疑论；怀疑的态度6 Fog enveloped the airport that morning. enveloped nv,lpd 详细n. 折叠条v. 包围（envelop的过去分词）7 Behavior is a composite of individual and group influences. compositen. 复合材料；合成物；8 Theyve been guzzling beer all evening. guzzle gz()l 详细vt. 狂饮；暴食vi. 狂饮；暴食；狼吞虎咽n. 狂饮；豪饮作乐9 There is some old ,smelly stuff in the back of the refrigerator. stuff stf n. 东西；材料；填充物；素材资料10 He has got a nifty little gadget for squeezing oranges. nifty nft adj. 俏皮的；漂亮的Unit 121 When I said no , she became rude and aggressive . aggressive gresv adj. 侵略性的；好斗的；有进取心的；有闯劲的2 I think there is less brand loyalty in computers than there was a few years age. brand n. 商标，牌子；3 Emergency relief will be sent to the areas most affected by the hurricane. affected adj. 受到影响的；做作的；假装的4 My work hours are almost identical to my daughters school hours. identical adentk()l n. 完全相同的事物5 What was his motive for committing the crime？motive mtv n. 动机，目的；主题 adj. 发动的；成为动机的 vt. 使产生动机，激起6 He was tested for brain damage and mental disorders. mental ment()l n. 精神病患者adj. 精神的；脑力的；疯的7 Im not positive of the address ,but its a round here somewhere. positive adj. 积极的；确定的，肯定的；实际的，真实的；绝对的8 Power plant employees must follow a very specific safety guideline. specific adj. 特殊的，特定的；明确的；详细的；药 具有特效的Unit 131 The union is on strike in pursuit of a 10% pay increase. pursuit psjut n. 追赶，追求；职业，工作2 He will do anything to achieve his aim. achieve tiv vt. 达到；完成vi. 达到目的；如愿以偿3 His refusal to talk is the main obstacle to peace. obstacle bstk()l n. 障碍，干扰；妨害物4 The house strikes you as welcoming when you go in. strikes n. 罢工；攻击（strike的复数）v. 打；攻击（strike的第三人称单数形式）5 We owe loyalty to our motherland. owe vt. 欠；感激；应给予；应该把归功于vi. 欠钱6 All drivers suffer the tortures of traffic and bad weather. Torture vt. 折磨；拷问；歪曲 n. 折磨；拷问；歪曲7 He tried hard to live up to his parents expectations. live up to 不辜负；做到；实践8 Marriage is a significant commitment. significant sgnfk()nt n. 象征；有意义的事物adj. 重大的；有效的；有意义的；值得注意的；意味深长的9 They have barely enough to pay the rent this month. barely bel adv. 仅仅，勉强；几乎不；公开地；贫乏地10 The meeting has been cancelled due to circumstances beyond our control. Circumstances n. 情况；环境；情形Unit 141 Branch officials can access the central data bank. access ksesn. 进入；使用权；通路vt. 使用；存取；接近2 The scientist abandoned his research for lack of found. abandoned bnd()nd v. 抛弃adj. 被抛弃的；无约束的；恣意放荡的；寡廉鲜耻的3 The climbers had hit their limits of their endurance. hit their limits 达到他们的极限4 The instinctive act of a frightened person is to run away. instinctive nst(k)tv adj. 本能的；直觉的；天生的5 The origin of the universe transcends human understanding. transcend trnsend; trn-vt. 胜过，超越6 Who will undertake the job of decorating the classroom. undertake ndtek vt. 承担，保证；从事；同意；试图7 Only about a thousand people could be admitted to witness the ceremony. witness wtns vt. 目击；证明；为作证. 8 The space program is the evolution of years of research. evolution ,ivlu()n; ev-n. 演变；进化论；进展9 That is nothing less than a miracle . nothing less than 完全是；不亚于；与一模一样10 John is ill and has been replaced in our team by Tom. replaced rples v. 取代；替换；放回（replace的过去分词）adj. 被替换的Unit 151 It was a high-level meeting that triggered bitter bureaucratic debates. triggered v. 引起；引爆；扣的扳机adj. 触发的；起动的；有扳机的2 We anticipate great pleasure from our visit to London. anticipate vt. 预期，期望；占先，抢先；提前使用3 It is quite indifferent to me whether you go or stay . indifferent ndf()r()nt adj. 漠不关心的；无关紧要的；中性的，中立的4 The markings are so blurred that it is difficult to identify. identify adentfa vi. 确定；认同；一致vt. 确定；识别；使参与；把看成一样5 Nothing can compensate the young mother for the loss of her favorite daughter. compensate kmpenset vt. 补偿，赔偿；付报酬 vi. 补偿，赔偿；抵消6 Sophisticated laser experiments are performed regularly in the laboratory. performed v. 执行，表演（perform的过去分词形式）7 The disable aircraft plunged to the ground and burst into flames . plunge pln(d) n. 投入；跳进vi. 投入；陷入；跳进vt. 使陷入；使投入；使插入8 I assume you always get up at the same time. assume sjum vi. 装腔作势；多管闲事vt. 承担；假定；采取；呈现9 The state has planned to invest two millions in the dam. invest nvest vi. 投资，入股；花钱买vt. 投资；覆盖；耗费；授予；包围10 While an author is yet living we estimate his powers by his worst performance. estimate estmet n. 估计，估价；判断，看法 vt. 估计，估量；判断，评价 vi. 估计，估价翻译Unit 11A Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1. Future-supplies of oil will be costly not simply in terms of dollars and cents but also in their effect on the environment.未来的石油供应代价会很高昂，这不仅体现在价格方面，更体现在其对环境的影响上。2. If we had continued to increase energy efficiency at the same rate, the stability of Iraq and Saudi Arabia would by now be of minor concern to the U. S. policymakers.如果我们当时一直保持同样的比率提高能源利用效率，那么目前伊拉克和沙特阿拉伯的政治稳定状况就不会受到美国决策者们如此的重视了。3. When powered by hybrid technologies that combine electricity with the internal-combustion engine, such light vehicles will produce enormous oil saving.如果汽车靠结合电能和内燃机的复合技术驱动，那么这种轻型交通工具会节约大量燃油。4. If the U. S automobile industry waits for years to see if lightweight fuel-efficient cars are more than a niche business, Lovins argues, it will one day discover that it has lost another market to overseas firms.洛文斯认为，如果美国的汽车业要等待若干年才能确认轻型低耗汽车是否为最佳发展，那么有一天它会发现国外公司已经占领了另一个市场。5. All reports that promise an easy solution to a complex problem need to be taken with a degree of skepticism, and Winning the Oil Endgame is no exception.对所有承诺轻松解决复杂问题的报告都需要抱有一定程度的怀疑，对赢得石油残局也不例外。B. Translate the following into English.1、我被这个问题卡住了，算不出结果。（stuck） 1. I am struck on this problem, I cant figure it out.2、我的毛衣洗过之后缩水了。（shrink） 2. My wool sweater shrank after I washed it.3、乘公共汽车、坐地铁或驾车都可以到达歌剧院。（accessible） 3. The opera house is accessible by bus, subway or car.4、局势很不稳定，暴乱者有可能试图推翻政府。（volatile） 4. The situation is very volatile; rioters may try to overthrow the government. Riot 骚乱5、汽车电话是20世纪80年代的创新，但是现在他们已经很普遍了。（innovation） 5. Car telephones were an innovation in the l980s, but now they are very common.6、与会者免去通常的礼节，立即开始谈判。（dispense with） 6. The participants in the meeting dispensed with the usual formalities and started negotiating immediately.7、乌云促使我们在下雨之前更快地工作（spur） 7. The dark clouds spurred us to work faster before the rain started.8、到华盛顿后，那个参议员对政治运作的真正规律有了深刻的了解（insight） 8. By moving to Washington D. C. the senator gained an insight into how politics realIy work.9、院长深知需要更多的医生和护士的急迫性。（acutely） 9. The president is acutely conscious of the need for more doctors and nurses.10、在伊文斯先生念成绩单时，我们都屏住了呼吸。（hold ones breath） 10. We held our breath while Mr. Evens read the exam results.2.把下列与子译为英语。(1)只有这样，我们才能不辜负人们的期望。Only in this way can we meet the expectations of people.(2)他一到车站，火车就开了。Hardly had he arrived at the railway station when the train left(3)汤姆上学迟到了，约翰也迟到了。Tom was late for class, so was John.(4)我虽然很小，可是我知道我家里的一些秘密。Young as I am, I know some of the family secrets.(5)要是我当时在现场，我就帮你了。Had I been on the spot, I would have helped you.Unit 12ATranslate the following into Chinese.1.Advertising not only leads us to buy things that we dont need and cant afford, but also confuses our sense of reality.1广告不仅诱使我们买那些我们并不需要而且买不起的东西，同时还混淆了我们的真实感。2. If fear is the negative motive for buying a product, then wanting a good image is the positive reason for choosing it.2如果这种担心的心理是我们消费产品的消极动机，那么希望自己有一个好的形象则是我们选择这种产品的积极理由了。3. Two people may choose different brands of toothpaste with the identical price, amount, and quality; each person believes that he or she is expressing his personality by choosing that brand.3两个人所选择的可能是两个不同品牌的牙膏+即使这两种牙膏有着相同的价格、数量和质量。每个人都相信通过购买自己的品牌可以表达自己的个性。4. Psychologists have found that certain colors on the package of an attractive product will cause people to reach out and take that package instead of buying an identical product with different colors.4。心理学家们发现，有吸引力的产品，其包装上的特定颜色会使人们伸手去取它，而不会去买另一种颜色的相同产品。5. They feel that they have freedom of choice, and they like to think they make wise choices. Unfortunately, they probably dont realize the powerful effect of advertising.5他们觉得他们有选择的自由，并且总是认为他们做出了明智的选择。遗憾的是， 他们可能设有认识到广告的强大作用。B. Translate the following into English.1、你需要积极的态度才能找到合适的工作。（positive）1. You need a positive attitude to find the right job.2、这一件事情的动机是种族歧视。（motive）2. The motive for this event is racial discrimination.3、有时心理上的伤害比身体更糟。（psychological）3. Sometimes psychological abuse is worse than physical abuse.4、价格下调是由于供应商之间的竞争引起的。（competition）4. The price reduction in due to competition among suppliers.5、这种洗发水自称能给头发带来光泽。（shine）5. This shampoo says it will add shine to your hair.将下列句子翻译成英文。(1) If I had time, I would go to the movies with you.(2) But for your help, they couldnt have succeeded.(3)He insisted that our laboratory reports ( should) be handed in the day after the experiments was done.(4) I wish he would forgive me.(5) If only he had known our telephone number.(6) Its high time that he stopped smoking.(7) Its necessary that we ( should) set out at once.(8) If you hadnt watched that movie last night, you wouldnt be dozy now.(9) He looks as if he knew all about it.(10) Id rather you left tomorrow.2.把下列与子译为英语。(1) 她已经辞职了，不是吗？ She has quitted her job, hasnt she?(2)他敢于说出自己的想法，不是吗？ He dare speak out his mind, darent he?(3)让我们马上开始干，好吗？Lets start to work immediately, shall We?(4) 把那杯茶给我，好吗？Pass me that cup of tea, will you?(5)他几乎不怎么回家，是吗？ He hardly comes home, does he?Unit 13A Translate the following into Chinese.1Each of us owes it to our spouses, our children, our friends to be as happy as we can be.1为了我们的配偶、孩子、朋友，我们每一个人都有责任尽可能感受幸福。2. The concept that we have to work at happiness comes as news to many people. 2。对于很多人来说，我们需要努力感觉幸福的这种说法可能是前所未闻的。3. I once met a young man who struck me as particularly successful and happy. 3我曾经遇到过一位年轻人，他给我的印象是他特别成功、幸福。4. Only rarely do peoples jobs, spouses and children live up these imagined ideals. 4人们的工作、配偶、孩子很少能达到这些想象出来的理想状况。5. The most obvious sources are those pursuits that give our lives purpose. 5（幸福）最明显的来源是那些给我们生活带来目的的追求。B. Translate the following into English.1、事实正好相反。（opposite）1. The opposite is true.2、略加思索就很清楚了。（reflection) 2. A moments reflection should make this obvious.3、我认为你该给我一个解释。（owe） 3. I think you owe me an explanation. 欠4、他们花了两个小时才控制住火势。(bring/ get under control.) 4. It took them two hours to bring/ get the fire under control.5、大部分夫妻都会同意，要想婚姻成功，双方都需要努力。（work at） 5. Most couples would agree that for a marriage to succeed, both parties have to work at it.6、吸烟和肺癌 之间的关系很大。（high correlation） 6. Theres a high correlation between smoking and lung cancer.7、这家公司主攻欧洲市场。（concentrate on） 7. This firm concentrates on the European market.8、你们今天早上的会议得出了什么结论吗？（draw a conclusion） 8. Did you draw/ come to /reach any conclusions at the meeting this morning?9、他从不谈起家人，你不觉得奇怪吗？（strike as） 9. Doesnt it strike you as rather odd/ strange that he never talks about his family?10、他越是称自己无辜，他们视乎越不相信他。（The morethe less） 10. The more he insisted he was innocent, the less they seemed to believe him.将下面的中文句子翻译成英文（1）他说：“我是1970年出生，并于1990年参军”。(1) He said, I was born in 1970, and joined the army in 1990. （2）他承认这的确是他的错(2) He admitted that it was really his fault.（3）他问我们能否为他安排参观那所中学。(3) He asked whether we could arrange a visit for him to that middle school.（4）他告诉我们：“去年我在5月份访问了美国”(4) He told us, I visited the USA last May.”（5）她说上一年那里建立了一所新的医院。(5) He said that a hospital was built there the year before.（6）他问我明天什么时间开会。(6) He asked me when we would have a meeting the next day.（7）他问道：“你们是什么时间完成的这项工作？”(7) He asked, When did you finish your work?（8）他让我明天同他一道吃饭。(8) He asked me to have lunch with him the next day.（9）他问道：“哪条路去机场最近”(9) He asked, Which is the shortest way to the airport?（10）他们告诉我，他们没有参加昨天的讲座。(10) They told me that they didnt attend yesterdays lecture.Unit 14A Translate the following into Chinese.1. By enabling us to access stored information orally-aurally, talking computers will finally make it possible for humans to replace all written language with spoken language.1话语电脑由于能使我们用听、说的方式存、取信息，我们将最终可能以口头语言取代书面语言。2. From a Darwinian perspective, written language is the bridge spanning humanitys first golden age of oral culture to the second. 2从达尔文进化论的角度来看，书面语是连接人类口语文化第一黄金时代和第二黄金时代的桥梁。3. The second golden age of oral culture has been visible to us since the invention of the phonograph in 1877. 3. 口语文化的第二个黄金时代自1877年留声机的发明以来已展露在我们面前。4. Like most technologies, written language will serve its function until some better technology comes along to replace it. 4正如大多数技术一样，书面语言的功能在有更好的技术出现采取代它后，即告停止。5. This reality check will help us prepare ourselves to say goodbye to written language and to welcome back its replacement：our old friend, spoken language. 5在现实中的行不通有助于我们告别书面语言，并迎接它的取代物我们的老朋友，口语的归来。B. Translate the following into English.1、因特网使人们更方便地获取各种信息。（access to）1. Internet now helps people have an easier access to all kinds of information.2、话语电脑一旦出现，书面语言就面临被取代的危险。（risk，replace）2. Once the talking computers appear, written language will face the risk of being replaced by it。3、这完全是胡说。（nothing less than）3. It is nothing less than nonsense.4、我们本应该在去年年底完成那个项目。（completed，project）4. We should have completed that project at the end of last year.5、人类应该不断超越自己的极限。（transcend）5. Humans should always transcend their limits.6、在可怕的饥荒时代，我需要的是面包而从来不是时间。（lack for）6. In the terrible age of famine, I lacked for bread but never for time.7、偶尔回顾过去有助于展望外来。（perspective）7. It is useful occasionally to look at the past to gain a perspective on the present.8、这个律师免费承办那个案件。（undertake）8. The lawyer undertook the case without a fee.9、这个古老的礼堂内举行过许多次典礼。（witness）9. This old auditorium has witnessed many ceremonies.10、你应永远履行你的诺言。（perform）10. You should always perform what you promise.Unit 15ATranslate the following into Chinese.1. In decisions from how much to whether to save and invest, humans have been assumed to be coolly rational calculators of their own self-interest.1在决策过程中，从生产多少到要储蓄还是要投资的问题，人类都被理所当然地认为是其自身利益的冷酷的理性计算器。2. Whether people will invest in shares or buy insurance depends on how they estimate the odds of future events weighted by the gains and losses in each case.2人们是投资股票还是买保险取决于对每个未来事件成败可能性的评估。3. Traditional economists had long thought-or assumed- that the prospect of a $1,000 gain could compensate you for an equally likely loss of the same size.3传统的经济学家一直认为或者是假定获得1000美元的预期能够大体抵消一个人可能出现的同样数目的金钱损失。4. Having identified these regions, the hope is that future work can measure how the brain performs in situation such as share selection, gambling or deciding to participate in a pension scheme.4确定了大脑活动区域后，我们的希望是将来的研究能够搞清楚大脑在选择股票、赌博或是决定参加哪项退休金计划等情况下是怎样执行任务的。5. People tend much to prefer, say, $100 now to $115 next week, but they are indifferent between $100 a year from now and $115 in a year and a week.5人们更倾向于，譬如，现在获得100美元的回报，而不是下一周获得115美元的回报;可是人们却不在乎一年以后的100美元的回报和一年零一周以后的115美元的回报之间有什么不同。B. Translate the following into English.1、他们认为价格要上涨。（assume） 1. They assumed that prices would rise.2、这个购物中心出售许多种商品。（a variety of） 2. The shopping-centre sells a variety of goods.3、他们仅能大致估计出人群的规模。（estimate） 3. They could roughly estimate the size of the crowd.4、史密斯先生被选为议员的可能性不大。（prospect） 4. Theres not much prospect of Mr. Smiths being elected as Congressman.5、一个人失去了健康是不可能弥补的。（compensate） 5. Nothing can compensate for the loss of ones health.6、我立即认出了那件外套，它是我兄弟的。（identify） 6. I identified the jacket at once; it was my brothers.7、这辆大型轿车耗油量很大。（consumption） 7. The petrol consumption of the big car is very high. 消费8、那名官员成功地完成了使命。（carry out） 8. The official carried out the mission successfully.9、我们期待再接到你们的来信。（anticipate） 9. We anticipate hearing from you again.10、允许学生有两个小时来完成考试。（up to） 10. The students were allowed up to two hours to finish the test.用插入语的方式翻译下面的句子：1 显然，他没有努力学习。(obviously)Obviously, he didnt study hard.2 确切地说，他们5点钟到达那里。(to be exact)To be exact, they will arrive there at 5.3 由于这一原因，他无法参加会议。(for this reason)For this reason, he could not attend the meeting.4 无论如何，这个计划要做修改。(in any case)In any case, this plan has to be revised.5 首先，让我们复习一下第十课。(to begin with)To begin with, lets review Lesson Ten.6 就此而论，计算机不能完全替代人。(as far as it goes)As far as it goes, computers can not replace man completely.7一般来说，一周可以记住30个单词。(generally speaking)Generally speaking, one can memorize 30 new words a week.8同样，你也可以承担这项工作。(similarly)Similarly, you can take this job, too.9正如大家所看到的那样，这条河已被严重污染了。(as everyone sees)This river, as everyone sees, has been seriously polluted.10.简言之，这本书对考试是很有用的。(to be brief)To be brief, this book is very useful for the examination.(l)坦率地说，我担心你妈会有点儿失望。(2)显然他对这个话题很敏感。(3)真不巧，我来不了。(4)但愿我们能赢。(5)令人惊讶的是，她又结婚了。(6)我想天会下雨，结果果然如此。(7)他在法国住了好多年，但说也奇怪他一句法语都不会讲。(8)雨下得很大。因此土地被淹了。(9)说也奇怪，我毫不怀疑他会高兴见我。(10)真是奇迹，竞没有人丧生。Unit 11倒装句1.选择适当的词语填空。(1) So fast that