人教版选修八Unit 5 Metting your ancestors reading学案.docx

unit 5 metting your ancestors reading学案 重 点单 词1. _(n)可能的选择 (adj)供选择的；其他的2. _(adj)有观察力的；敏锐的；严重的；深刻的3. _ (n)被子；棉被4. _ (adj)足够的；充足的；富裕的5. _ (adj)原始的；远古的；简陋的6. starvation (n)挨饿；饿死_ (v) (使)挨饿7. accuracy (n) 精确；准确_ (adj) 精确的8. _ (vt& vi) 打断讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止 interruption (n) 打断9. _ (vt) 假定；设想assumption (n) 假设10. _ (vi& vt)(使)锋利；尖锐；清晰sharpener(n)磨具；削具 _ (adj)锋利的11. messy (adj)凌乱的；脏的_ (n) 混乱；纷乱重 要短 语1_不管；不顾2_ 至多3_ 劈碎；切碎；砍碎4_ be aware of/that5_ scare away6_ make a fire7_ prevent.from8_ care about关键句 型1. you must be aware that its here that we found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world. 想必你们都清楚，正是在这个地方我们找到了居住在世界上这个地区的最早人类的证据。2. im sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here? 对不起，打断了你的讲话。但他们怎么能住在这个地方呢？3. we have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick, which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter. 我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰，几乎有六米厚。这意味着他们可能整个冬天都在烧火。4. im sure they were quite heavy to cut and sew together. 我想它们剪裁并缝起来一定很重。5. our evidence suggests that they did wear clothes made from animal skins. 我们有证据表明他们的确穿的是兽皮制作的衣服。6. yes, indeed, as the botanical analyses have shown us, all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake. 很对，植物学家分析结果明确告诉我们这儿四周曾经是一个很大的浅水湖。【答案】重点单词重要短语1. regardless of2. at most3. cut up4. 意识到5. 吓跑6. 生火 7. 阻挡，挡住 8. 在乎，关心 之重点单词1alternative n可能的选择adj供选择的；其他的the manager said that they had an alternative plan if the plan they had submitted was not accepted. 经理说如果他们递交的计划不被接受，他们还有另外一个计划。the sun shone, having no alternative, on the nothing new. 别无选择，阳光依旧照射着陈腐的一切。p56)you can be paid in cash weekly or by cheque monthly；those are the two alternatives. 你的工资可以按周以现金支取，或按月以支票支取。二者可选其一。【知识拓展】 alternative energy 可替代能源 an alternative to.的替代品have no alternative but to do sth别无选择只好做she had no alternative but to ask for a few daysleave实在不得已，她只好请几天假。【跟踪典例】(1)完成句子除了继续下去，我们没有选择的余地。we _ _ _ _ _ _ _除了战斗，没有其他的办法。there is _ _ _ _ _(2)用恰当词语填空as there is less and less coal and oil, scientists are exploring new ways of making use of _ (可替代的)energy, such as sunlight, wind and water for power and fuel2starvation n挨饿；饿死in africa, there are people dying of starvation in the famine. 在非洲，有一些在饥荒中饿得濒临死亡的人。【知识拓展】starve vt& vi(使)饿死；渴望starve to death 饿死starve for sth渴求/需要什么starve to do sth想要干某事starve sbinto sth/into doing sth断绝食物(或资金)来源以迫使某人做某事【跟踪典例】(1)完成句子the explorers _ in the desert. 探险者们在沙漠中饿死了。they _ their enemies _. 他们断绝敌人的食物来源迫使他们屈服。(2)用恰当形式填空 unless these people get food in the next two weeks they will starve _(die)3interrupt vt& vi打断讲话；打岔；打扰；暂时中断或中止interrupt sb/sthwith.用打扰/打断某人或某事interruption n阻断物；中断时间；插嘴；打岔without interruption 连续地，不断地the floods interrupted railway services. 洪水使铁路运输中断。we interrupt this programme to bring you a news flash 我们暂时中断这个节目，插播新闻快讯。she interrupted me to ask a question. 她打断我的话，问我一个问题。【巧学妙记】【易混辨析】interrupt突然中断、打断他人的言语或行为，使其不能继续。disturb较正式的用词，多用被动语态。指扰乱，使人不能平静或妨碍别人工作、思维或正常秩序，是程度较深的打扰。【跟踪典例】(1)用interrupt或 disturb填空once warned，nobody _ the quiet evening by the lake once moreeverything returned to normal after we _ our regularly scheduled program(2)完成句子我们去找个说话不受打扰的地方吧。lets go somewhere where we can talk_ _ 【答案】（1）disturbedinterrupted（2）without interruption4. assume v假定，假想， 以为； 假装，装作； 担任，承担we assume before hearing any evidence against him 在听到对他不利的证词之前，我们假定他是无罪的。it is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work 普遍认为压力来自于过多的工作。the court assumed responsibility for the girls welfare. 法庭承担了保障这个女孩福利的责任。he assumed an air of concern. 他装出关心的样子。【知识拓展】(1)assume sth假设；假装 assume sb/sthto be 假定/假设某人/某事为 it is assumed that.据认为(2)assumption n假定；设想 assuming (that).假定；设想his look of astonishment was assumed他那惊讶的样子是装出来的。we assumed him to be the best writer of our time我们认为他是我们这个时代最好的作家。【名师点睛】在英语中，有些看上去是现在分词或过去分词的词，实际上可直接用作介词或连词。considering, concerning“鉴于，考虑到”assuming, given, supposing, provided/providing“假设，如果”including“包括，包含”judging from“依判断”【跟踪典例】完成句子(1)在证实他有罪之前我们必须要假定他是清白的。we _ _ _ _ _ innocent until he is proved guilty (2) 假如今天下午下雨我们该怎么办呢？_ _ _ this afternoon, what shall we do? (3)人们普遍认为，压力是由工作过多且得不到放松所致。_ _ _ _that stress is caused by too much work and little relaxation5. preserve v保护；维持；保存preserve sthfrom 使免遭we must preserve our natural resources 我们必须保护自然资源。he preserved the girl from the danger 他保护这个女孩免遭危险。fish are preserved in ice and salt until they are sold 鱼在卖出之前保存于冰和盐中。 【知识拓展】preservable adj可保存的preservation n保存preserver n保护者；保存者【易混辨析】preserve / conserve / reserve / protect（1）preserve v保护；维持；保存this program emphasized the necessity for preserving natural resources 这个节目强调了保护自然资源的必要性。（2）conserve v“保存，保护”，强调珍惜。the objective of resource management is to conserve our resources 资源管理的目的就在于保护好我们的资源。（3）reserve v指“意见、看法的保留或座位的预定”。the first three rows of the hall are reserved for special guests 大厅的前3排留给特别来宾。（4）protect v“保护”，强调使其免受破坏或损害。he was wearing dark glasses to protect his eyes from the sun 他戴一副墨镜以保护眼睛不受阳光的刺激。【跟踪典例】(1)in spite of failing to save every endangered species, we may preserve the majority _ extinction(2)it is the duty of the police _ (preserve)social order【答案】（1）from句意：尽管不能保护每一个濒临灭绝的物种，我们能保护大部分物种免遭灭绝。preserve sthfrom“使免遭”。（2）to preserve6. analysis n分析，它的复数形式是analyseshis analysis was always convincing 他的分析总是令人信服的。in the final analysis, profit is the motive. 归根到底，利润是动力。【知识拓展】analyse/analyze v分析；分解analysable adj可分析的；可分解的 we should analyse what they said and not just agree with everything 我们应该对他们的意见加以分析，不要随声附和。 many compounds are analysable许多化合物是可分解的。【跟踪典例】完成句子(1)他对形势作了周密的分析。 he _ _ _ _of the situation(2)他们对这个题目进行了分析。 they _ _ _ _of this subject(3)这些分析为我们进一步研究做了理论铺垫。 _ _make the basis for our further study(4)这项工作包括搜集和分析资料。 the job involves gathering and _ data【答案】(1)made a close analysis(2)carried out an analysis(3)these analyses(4)analysing之重点短语1regardless of 不顾；不管怎样；无论如何the club welcomes all new members regardless of age. 俱乐部对所有新成员不分年龄一律欢迎。they rebuilt the house regardless of cost. 他们不惜成本重建了那所房子。we worked all day regardless of the weather. 不顾天气我们整天工作。【易混辨析】regardless of / despite/ in spite of 这三个短语都可以表示“不管，不顾”，但是用法不同。(1)regardless of不管；不顾；不理会。一般用语。(2)despite虽然；尽管；不顾。语气较弱，多用于诗歌或正式的文体中。(3)in spite of虽然；尽管；不顾。 多用于书面语，语气较重。the training class welcomes all students regardless of age 培训班欢迎各个年龄段的学生参加。despite the fact that the doctor told him to rest，jack went to spain 尽管医生嘱咐他休息，但杰克还是去了西班牙。in spite of all his efforts，he failed in his english exam 尽管他付出了极大努力，他的英语考试还是不及格。注意：regardless of，despite，in spite of后不能直接跟从句，但可以接the fact that.【跟踪典例】选用in spite of或regardless of 填空he decided to hold on the job _ any difficulty_the high mountains and thick forests，the doctors and nurses rushed to the scene of the rescue without hesitation【答案】regardless of in spite of2at most 至多；最多i can give you twenty dollars at most. 我最多只能给你20美元。it will take two hours at most to get there 最多两小时便可到达那里。【知识拓展】at most也可写成at the most，其反义词组为at (the) least。【跟踪典例】完成句子这次旅行最多只会花去你50英镑。the trip will only _ _ _ _ _ _尽可能多锻炼身体，每周锻炼四至六次，每次至少30分钟。get as much exercise as possible _ _ _ _ every time, four to six times a week【答案】cost you fifty pounds at mostat least 30 minutes3cut up把砍成碎片；使伤心，使难受to make fruit salad，you need to cut up the fruit first. 要做水果沙拉，首先要把水果切碎。he was badly cut up by the news of his sons death 得知儿子死讯，他极为悲痛。【知识拓展】cut down 减少；砍倒cut away 切除；砍掉cut in 插嘴；打断cut off 中断(气、电等的)供应；切断；使隔绝cut out切掉；删掉【跟踪典例】用适当的介词或副词填空the gas has been cut _ due to the earthquakeyou can cut _ the last sentence of the paragraphmr davis cut _ to ask if anyone would like a drinkthis piece of material may be cut _ to make a pair of trousers【答案】off out in up之重点句型1. so we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold因此，我们有理由认为他们不顾严寒，就住在这些洞穴里。句中think后面是一个宾语从句，在宾语从句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式结构to assume.，assume后面又接了一个宾语从句。it充当形式主语或形式宾语，本身无意义，只起一种先行引导的作用。后面的真正主语或真正宾语通常是不定式结构、-ing分词结构或名词性从句。it is difficult to translate this article翻译这篇文章很难。what time would it be convenient for me to call you again?我几点再给你打电话合适？it is no use going there so early这么早去那里没有用。it has been a great honour your coming to visit me你的来访是我很大的荣幸。it is strange that we havent heard from him真奇怪，我们一直没有收到他的信。【跟踪典例】用恰当词语填空new technologies have made _ possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost2. it must have been very uncomfortable那肯定是很不舒服的了。本句中must have done结构表示对过去发生的事情的肯定推测，意思是“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句。it must have rained last night, for the ground is wet 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面是湿的。guess what！i have got a for my term paper. great！you must have read widely and put a lot of work into it. 猜猜！我学期论文得了a。 太好了。你一定是广泛阅读和全身心投入了。【知识拓展】“情态动词have done”的其他常见结构：may/mighthave done表示对过去发生的事情的推测，把握性不大， 意思是“或许做过某事”，还可表示“本可以做某事(而未做)”。he might not have heard of the news他也许没有听说过这个消息。i might have taken another path我本可以走另一条路的。should/ought to have done表示“本该做某事(实际上却没有做)”。you should have finished your homework你本该做完作业的。neednthave done表示“本不必做某事(实际上却做了)”。you neednt have told me the newsi have already known it 你本不必告诉我这个消息，我已经知道了。couldhave done表示对过去发生的事情的推测，但比may/might have done表示推测的把握性大，意为“可能做过某事”，又可表示 “本能够做某事(实际上却没做)”，暗含一种惋惜之意。where could she have gone?她可能到哪里去了呢？you could have done it well, but you were too careless 你本来可以做好，但是你太马虎了。【跟踪典例】my english-chinese dictionary has disappeared. who _ have taken it? a. should b. must c. could d. would【答案】c本句表达的是对过去发生过的情况的疑问，所以应该用could have done，答案选c。3. we have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick, which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰，几乎有六米厚，这意味着他们可能整个冬季都在烧火。本句的主句是we have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick，其中形容词短语almost six metres thick作后置定语，修饰ash。which引导一个非限制性定语从句，在从句中suggests后跟that引导的宾语从句。have been excavating是现在完成进行时，表示从过去开始一直延续到现在，或将继续延续至将来。we have been working on this project for over a month now 到目前为止，我们一直从事这个项目，已经一个多月了。【易混辨析】现在完成进行时和现在完成时（1）现在完成时表示已经完成，而现在完成进行时表示还没完成还要延续下去。试比较：they have built a house(完成)they have been building a house(尚未完成)（2）现在完成进行时是由“have/has beendoing”构成的，可表示动作的重复，而现在完成时一般不表示 动作的重复。have you been meeting him recently? 你最近常和他见面吗？have you met him recently? 你最近见到过他吗？（3）现在完成进行时有时含有感情色彩，而现在完成时一般是客观地讲述一个事实。i have been waiting for you for two hours我一直等了你两个小时。(可能表示不满)i have waited for you for two hours我等了你两个小时。(说明一个事实)（4）现在完成进行时强调动作的延续性，而现在完成时强调结果。who has been eating these oranges? 谁一直在吃这些橘子呀？(可能还剩余一些)who has eaten these oranges? 谁把这些橘子吃了？(强调吃得一个不剩)（5）如果强调某一动作刚刚结束，并已产生某种影响时，常用现在完成进行时。why are you looking a bit tired? 为什么你看来有点儿累？ i have been cleaning the house我一直在打扫房子。【跟踪典例】marty_(work) really hard on his book and he thinks hell have finished it by friday4our evidence suggests that they did wear clothes made from animal skins 我们有证据表明，他们的确穿的是用兽皮做成的衣服。(1)suggest在此作“暗示，表明”解，其后的从句要用陈述语气；suggest作“建议”讲时，其后的从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语形式为“(should)动词原形”。the handwriting of the letter suggested that the letter was from a lady 从书信的字体看，写信人是一位女士。i suggested that we go for a walk after supper我建议我们晚饭后散步。【知识拓展】suggest有两个意思：（1）意为“提议，建议”，后接动词要用动名词形式；后接宾语从句时，从句用虚拟语气 (“should动词原形”，should常省略)。its noisy herei suggest changing another hotel 这里太吵了，我建议换个宾馆。i suggest that the boy be sent to the hospital at once 我建议立即把这个男孩儿送往医院。（2）意为“表明，显示，暗示”，后接宾语从句(不用虚拟语气)。his expression suggests that he has got the job 他脸上的表情表明他已经得到了那份工作。注意：后接宾语从句要用虚拟语气(should动词原形)的动词可记为：一个坚持：insist两个命令：command，order四个建议：advise，suggest，recommend，propose四个要求：ask，demand，request，require(2)本句中did表强调，且只能对谓语动词进行强调。助动词do有时态和人称的变化，可以用“do/does/did”， 意为“的确，确实”。please do be quiet务请肃静。【跟踪典例】(1)用恰当形式填空bill suggested _ (hold)a meeting on what to do for the shanghai expo during the vacation（2）完成句子我知道他会帮助我们的，他确实这样做了。_5yes, indeed, as the botanical analyses have shown us, all the fields around here used to be part of