人教版选修六Unit 5 The power of nature知识点学案.docx

unit 5 the power of nature知识点学案1. erupt vi.(指火山)爆发；突然发生violence erupted after the football match. 足球赛后突然发生了暴力事件。an active volcano may erupt at any time. 活火山随时可能喷发。 erupt into突然发出(尤其指叫喊) eruption nc&u爆发the little girl erupted into cry.那个女孩突然大哭起来。signs of dangerous social eruption, actually were few. 具有危险性的社会骚动迹象是很少的。图解助记erupt, explode, burst选用erupt/explode/burst的适当形式填空1)in the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and _.2)the bomb _ at a great distance from their observation point.3)no one knows when the social volcano below modern society will _.答案：1)burst2)exploded3)erupt2. alongside adv.在旁边；沿着边prep.在旁边；沿着的边the police car pulled up alongside. 那辆警车在旁边停下了。he parked his car alongside the fence. 他把车顺着围墙停放。the car drew up alongside the road 小汽车在路边停了下来。alongside of在旁边；与并排alongside with与一起；除以外beside prep.在旁边；在近旁补全句子杰克赶上了我，与我并排驾车齐驱。jack _ _ _ me and rode _.答案：caught up with; alongside3. equipmentu n. 设备；装备our school has been given some new equipment.我们学校有了一些赠送的新设备。they have bought a piece of equipment for the kitchen.他们买了一套厨房设备。equip vt. 装(配)备；使有能力equip sb./sth. with.用装备equip sb. for.使某人为做好准备；使某人能够做某事equip sb./sth. to do sth.使某人/物具备条件做某事the factory is equipped with modern machinery.这家工厂装备了现代化的机器设备。his work experience equipped him to deal with all kinds of people. 他的工作经验使他能与各种各样的人打交道。equipment, appliance, instrumentequipment指成套的设备，是不可数名词，没有复数，也不能直接加不定冠词。appliance多指(家庭)器具、用具(a tool or machine that you use in home to do cooking or cleaning)。instrument尤指精细工作或科学上所用的仪器，家庭生活和普通劳动中的用具不用这个词，常用于借喻中。1. 判断正误这是件很有用的厨房用具。1) its a very useful kitchen equipment.()2) its a very useful piece of kitchen equipment.()2. 用恰当形式填空1)while it is hoped that college students should _ (equip) with the ability to take a good set of notes, this is not always the case.2)the new _(equip) was intended for the disabled during the 9th national paralympics.答案：1. 1) 2) 2. 1)be equipped句意：尽管希望大学生具备记好笔记的能力，但是情况并不总是这样。本题考查被动语态。根据语境“具备能力”推知“用装备”，此处主语与动词equip为逻辑上的被动关系，故推知用被动语态。2)equipment句意：在第九届国家残疾人运动会期间打算为残疾人购置一些新设备。本题考查名词。根据语境“打算”推知是举办运动会所需“设施”。4. appoint vt.任命；委派；约定，安排the oldest general was appointed (to be) marshal of the armies. 那位老将军被任命为部队元帅。he was appointed to the vacant post.他被委派填补那个空缺。we must appoint a day to meet again.我们必须要约定好下次会面的日期。(1)appoint. as.任命为appoint sb. to sth.委派某人appoint sb. to do sth.委派某人干(2)派生词：appointment n. 任命；预约；约定break an/ones appointment违约；失约have an appointment with sb. at在某时间和某人有约会keep an/ones appointment守约make/fix an appointment with sb.与某人约会they appointed him (as) manager.他们任命他为经理。a lawyer was appointed to represent the child.一位律师被指定为这个孩子的代理律师。id like to make an appointment with the doctor.我想和医生预约一下。they appointed him_captain of the english team.a. forb. with c. ond. as【答案】d【解析】句意：他们任命他为英格兰队队长。appoint sb. as/to be.表示任命某人为。5. evaluate vt.评估；评价；估计we need to evaluate how well the policy is working. 我们需要对政策产生的效果作出评价。i think its too early to evaluate her work. 我认为对她的工作作出评价为时尚早。the school has only been open for six months, so its hard to evaluate its success. 该学校仅开办了六个月，现在还很难估计它的成就。 (1)evaluation n. 估计；评估；评价evaluation method评价方法evaluation factor评价因素(2)常见用法：evaluate water quality评价水质evaluate ones ability评估某人的能力evaluate the value/quality of sth.评估某物的价值/质量evaluate/estimate/valueevaluate表示评价，有时也用来表示评估；估计某物的市场价值。estimate表示的估计只是猜测，甚至只是一种想法。value估计某物的价值、价格。the research project has only been under way for three months, so its too early to evaluate its success. 这个研究项目才进行了三个月，所以要对它的成绩作出评价为时尚早。we estimated that it would cost about 5000 dollars. 我们估计它要花约5000美元。the car has been valued at over 20 000 dollars. 这辆小汽车被估价为2万多美元。 选用evaluate/estimate/value的适当形式填空1）our research attempts to _ the effectiveness of the different drugs.2）i really _ him as a friend.3）it is _(that) the project will last four years.答案：1）evaluate2）value3）estimated6. suit n. 一套外衣；套装vt.适合；使适宜id love to be introduced to the man wearing a business suit. 我想认识穿公务装的那个男人。it is almost impossible to find a time that suits everybody. 要想找到适合每个人的时间几乎是不可能的。fit/suit/matchfit多指衣服等尺寸、大小合身，合适；吻合、协调。suit指合乎需要、口味、地位、条件或衣服的颜色、款式、花样与人的身材、身份相称。match意为使相称，使相配，使匹配，指事物在大小、色调、性质、形状等方面的搭配。the trousers dont fit him; they are too small.这条裤子不合他的身，太小了。it suits me if you come to work at eight oclock.如果你八点来上班我就满意了。these shoes do not match. one is large and the other is small.这鞋不相配，一只大，一只小。用suit，fit或match的适当形式填空1)i cant find clothes to _ me. they are either too big or too small.2) late afternoon will _ me.3)the curtains dont _ the paint.4) the color of the cloth _ a woman at my wifes age.答案：1）fit2）suit3）match4）suits7. potential adj.可能的；潜在的the dispute has scared away potential investors.这一争端吓走了潜在的投资者。she has acting potential, but she needs training.她有表演潜力，但需要训练。potentially adv.潜在地the bridge is potentially dangerous.这座桥有潜在的危险。 汉译英他是一个非常有潜力的年轻歌手。_答案：he is a young singer with great potential.point 8. burn to the ground全部焚毁the building was burnt to the ground due to the fireworks. 放烟火使得大楼全部焚毁。with their houses burnt to the ground，they had no place to live in. 他们的房子被焚为平地，无处可住。burn down把烧成平地，烧光burn off烧掉burn out烧光，烧完burn away逐渐烧完；烧光；烧毁burn up烧起来，旺起来；烧尽，烧毁burnto death烧死完成句子1)那根蜡烛已经烧掉了一半。 half the candle _ _ _.(burn)2)宇宙飞船在进入大气层时被烧毁。 the spacecraft _ _ as it entered the earths atmosphere.(burn)答案：1)had burnt away2)burned up9. in the distance在远处you can see the ruins in the distance.你可以看到远处的废墟。 (1)distant adj.遥远的；远处的；久远的(2)at a distance从远处，隔一段距离keep ones distance保持距离keep sb. at a distance冷落某人；对某人保持疏远from a distance从远方the painting can be only admired at a distance.这幅画要在远处欣赏。he is a distant cousin of mine.他是我的一位远房表亲。补全句子再走五英里，直到我们到达远处的那座山。another five miles until we reach the mountain _ _ _.答案：in the distance10. make ones way前往，成功when the concert ended，i made my way out of the hall. 音乐会结束时，我走出了大厅。if you want to make your way, you must learn to work hard when you are still young. 你要想成功，就得学会趁着年轻多多努力。elbow/shoulder/push ones way推挤前进，挤过去feel ones way(在黑暗中)摸索前进fight ones way奋勇前进inch ones way缓慢前进pick ones way谨慎前进lose ones way迷路find ones way找到出路weave ones way穿梭前进in a way在某种程度上wind ones way蜿蜒前进make way(for)(给)让路；让位(于)the great wall winds its way across north china like a huge dragon. 长城像一条巨龙，在中国北方蜿蜒盘旋。though surrounded by the enemies on all sides，the brave soldiers managed to fight their way out. 尽管被敌人四面包围，但英勇的战士们还是打出了一条路。补全句子1)在某种意义上，我同意你。 i agree with you _ _ _.2)我将把职务让给更年轻的人。 i shall _ _ _ a younger man.答案：1)in a way2)make way for11.precious adj.贵重的；珍贵的the peacock is a precious bird in the subtropical zone.孔雀是亚热带的珍禽。dont waste precious time talking to him. hes not worth it.别浪费宝贵的时间跟他交谈，他不值得。 (1)preciously adv.昂贵的 preciousness n.珍贵(2)同义词：expensive adj. 昂贵的precious指价钱或价值很高的、值钱的。valuable宝贵的，贵重的，值钱的，常用于指交换价值或使用价值，有时指某物因稀有而具有相当高的价值。priceless指具有不可估量的价值、无价的。clean water is precious in that part of the world.在世界的那个地方，洁净的水是宝贵的东西。汉译英黄金实际上并不是世界上最珍贵的金属。_【答案】gold actually is not the most precious metal in the world.point 2. unconscious adj.失去知觉的；未察觉的；无意识的he injured his head and was unconscious for one hour.他伤着了头部，一个小时没有知觉。that is an unconscious need to be loved.那是一种无意识的对爱的需求。 be unconscious of sb./sth.未察觉；未意识到conscious adj.意识到的；觉察到的she may become conscious before morning.她天亮前可能恢复知觉。i suddenly became conscious that someone was looking at me.我突然意识到有人在看着我。用恰当词语填空(1)_(conscious) that the bridge was in danger, the visitors were still driving on it.(2)however great the demand to succeed, one should never abandon his moral and social _.答案：(1)unconscious(2)consciousness句意：不管对成功的要求有多大，一个人不应该放弃自己的道德和社会意识。本题考查名词。consciousness“意识；觉悟”。根据语境推知“意识”。12. shoot v射击；射中a man was shot in the leg.一个人被射伤了腿部。he shot at the bird, but missed it.他对着鸟开枪，但没射中。 shoot at.朝射击(表动作)shoot sb./sth. 射杀、射死某人/某物shoot sb.in the leg/head 射中某人的腿/头部shoot sb.dead 开枪打死某人the murderer was shot in the back while trying to escape. 凶手试图逃跑时背部中枪。he shot two goals in the game.在比赛中，他进了两个球。my father shot(shoot)at the wolf，but missed it. 父亲向那只狼射击，但是没有打中。【图形助记】shoot，shoot athe is shooting at a bird，but he doesnt shoot it.他向一只鸟射击，但他没有射中。 选词填空(shoot/shoot at)(1)the fox ran away before the hunter _ it.(2)the hunter _ _ the bear but didnt _ it.【答案】(1)shot(2)shot at; shoot13. anxious adj.忧虑的；不安的；渴望的；热切的helen is anxious about traveling on her own.海伦对自己一个人出门旅行感到担心。anxious后接that从句时，从句中谓语动词需用虚拟语气，即(should)动词原形形式。 (1)anxiety n. 担心；焦虑；渴望(2)be anxious for/about.担心/挂念 be anxious for渴望，盼望be anxious to do渴望做 be anxious for sb. to do sth.渴望某人做某事he was waiting for his brothers return with anxiety.他焦虑地等待着弟弟的归来。she expressed anxiety for a new dictionary.她渴望得到一本新字典。we are anxious about her safety.我们为她的安全担心。i am anxious to know the result of the final exam.我急着想知道期末考试成绩。anxious强调担心或焦急，对结果感到不安eager强调积极向上的期望i was anxious about the children when they didnt come back home from school on time.孩子们放学后没有按时回家时，我非常担心他们。she is eager to go to college, but anxious about the entrance examination to college.她渴望上大学，但又担心大学入学考试。补全句子（1）杰克把所有东西装在箱子里，急于离开。jack packed all the things into a case, _ _ _.（2）布莱克夫人急于离开，因为她渴望见到回国的儿子。mrs black was _ _ _ as soon as possible because she was _ _ meet her son, who came from abroad.【答案】（1）anxious to leave（2） anxious to leave; eager to14. panic vi.& vt.惊慌n惊慌；恐慌the crowd panicked at the sound of the explosion. 听到爆炸声，人群惊慌起来。the gunfire panicked the baby. 枪声使婴儿受到了惊吓。注意：panic后面要加k后再加ed或ing，构成过去式/过去分词或现在分词。theres no panic; weve got plenty of time. 不用着急，我们有充足的时间。get into a panic陷入恐慌(动作)in a panic陷入恐慌(状态)in a state of panic惊恐万分panic over对感到恐慌she got into a real panic when she thought shed lost the tickets. 当她以为自己把入场券丢了的时候，她十分惊慌。the crowd ran out in panic人群惊恐地跑散了。the boy is in a state of panictry to help him cool down. 这个男孩惊恐万分，努力帮他平静下来。the animals panicked over the forest fire. 动物们对森林大火感到恐慌。补全句子(1)对考试惊慌失措是没有用的。 there is no point _ _ _ _ about the exams.(2)(真题改编湖北)“汤米，快跑，房子着火了！”母亲大声喊着，声音中透着明显的惊慌。 “tommy，run！be quick! the house is on fire！”the mother shouted, with _ clearly in her voice.答案：(1)getting into a panic(2)panic15. appreciation n欣赏；感激；感谢she can show much appreciation of good musiczx&x*k 她能感到美好音乐的妙处。the crowd cheered in appreciation.人群高声赞叹。to show our appreciation for all your hard work，wed like to give you a bonus. 为了对你的辛勤工作表示感谢，我们要给你发奖金。(1) have an appreciation of对有欣赏力 express ones appreciation for因表示感激 in appreciation of作为对的感谢；为感谢(2)appreciate vt.感谢；欣赏 appreciate (ones) doing sth/ sth.感激(某人)干某事/某事 appreciate (doing) sth.欣赏(干)某事 i would appreciate it if.如果，我将不胜感激。lang lang has a keen appreciation of music郎朗对音乐有敏锐的欣赏力。i appreciate your timely help.我感谢你的及时帮助。i would appreciate it if you can attend my birthday party. 如果你来参加我的生日聚会，我将不胜感激。用恰当词语填空(1)i really appreciate _(have) time to relax with you on this nice island(2)wed _ (appreciation) it if youd call msauger and tell her that were on our way up there to see her.(3)id appreciate it _ you could turn the radio downim doing my homework.答案：(1)having句意：我真的感激有时间与你一起在这个美丽的岛上放松。本题考查非谓语动词。appreciate doing 感谢做某事。(2)appreciate句意：如果你给msauger打个电话，告诉她我们在去拜访她的途中，我们会不胜感激。wed appreciate it if.固定句式，“如果不胜感激”。(3)if前句句意：如果你能把收音机音量调低的话我不胜感激。本题考查连词。此处为id appreciate it if. 固定句式，“如果不胜感激”。16. guarantee vt& n保证；确保；担保they guaranteed their workers regular employment. they guaranteed regular employment to their workers.他们对工人保证会长期雇用他们。wealth is not always a guarantee of happiness. 财富并不总是幸福的保证。guarantee to do保证做某事be guaranteed to do sth.肯定会做某事；必定会做某事under guarantee在保修期内i guarantee to pay off his debt.我保证付清他的债务。dont worry, my new computer is still under guarantee.别着急，我的新电脑还在保修期内。补全句子(1)如果第一年内坏了的话，我们保证免费维修。should it break down within the first year, we would _ _ _ _ free of charge.用恰当词语填空(2)my computer broke downluckily it was still _ guarantee, so i got it repaired free of charge.答案：(1)guarantee to repair it(2)under17. glance through匆匆看一遍；浏览the students glanced through the answers. 学生们匆匆看了一遍答案。he asked if he might glance through my album. 他问他是否可以浏览一下我的影集。glance at看一下glance over粗略一看；浏览at first glance乍一看；乍看之下give/take a glance at对匆匆一看he fell in love with the beautiful girl at first glance。 他第一眼就爱上了这个漂亮的女孩。lets take a glance at the sports news on the internet. 让我们看一下网上的体育新闻吧。i could see at a glance that it wasnt his own work. 我一眼就能看出这不是他本人的作品。补全句子他经常在吃早餐期间浏览报纸。he often _ _ newspapers during breakfast.答案：glances through18. vary fromto.由到不等teaching methods vary greatly from teacher to teacher. 老师之间的教学方法不一样。the weather varies from day to day. 天气一天天变化。his health varies from good to rather weak. 他的健康状况变化不定。(1)vary in sth在方面不同，有差异 vary with sth随变化(2)variety n品种，多样化 a variety ofvarieties of 各种各样的(3)various adj各种各样的，各种不同的prices of fruit and vegetables often vary with the season. 水果和蔬菜的价格常随季节变化。there are varieties of/various flowers in the garden. 花园里有各种各样的花。people like to live a life full of variety. 人们喜欢过丰富多彩的生活。补全句子(1)由于各种原因，他没有被邀请参加春晚。 for _ _ _ reasons, he wasnt invited to the spring festival gala用恰当形式填空(2)most citizens like to go to the wal mart super center because it has a _(vary) of items.答案：(1)a variety of(2)variety句意：多数的市民都喜欢去沃尔玛超市，因为它的商品种类多。本题考查名词。根据句意联系常识可知“种类”用variety。20. have a gift for 具有某种禀赋或天分you have a marvelous gift for science. 你很有科学方面的天赋。he has a gift for music, though his math is not very good 尽管他数学不太好，在音乐上却很有天分。have a talent for sth.有的天赋have a gift for music/art有音乐/艺术天赋have a gift for doing有做某事的天赋gifted adj.有天赋的a gifted child有天赋的孩子the gifted young scientist was much in the public eye. 那位有才华的青年科学家很为人们所注意。用恰当介词填空(1)he is named david, who has a gift _ music and hopes to work _ a musician.汉译英(2)非常明显他有艺术天赋。_答案：(1)for; as(2)it is very clear that he has a gift for art.1. yet，however weak we are, we are not completely powerless. 但是，不管我们有多么的脆弱，我们并不是完全无能为力的。这是一个however引导的让步状语从句，此处however为连词。要注意的是从句中的形容词或副词要放到however之后，主语之前。however相当于no matter how。well have to finish the job，however long it takes. 无论要花多长时间，我们都得把工作做完。no matter how hard he works，he can not get a promotion. however hard he works, he can not get a promotion. 不管他工作多么努力，他就是得不到提升。no matter how he did it，it was a great success. however he did it，it was a great success. 无论他是怎么完成的，这都是一个巨大的成功。however的其他用法：(1)(conj.) 不管怎样；无论如何however i cook eggs, the child still refuses to eat them. 不管我用什么方法煮鸡蛋，小孩还是不肯吃。dress however you like. 你喜欢怎么穿就怎么穿。(2)(adv.) 然而；不过；仍然id like to go with you; however, my hands are full. 我很想和你一块儿去，可是我忙不过来。he said that it was so; he was mistaken, however. 他说事情就是那样，不过他错了。however, i will do it in my own way. 可是，我将照我的方式去做。(3)(用以强调疑问词 how)(口语)到底究竟 如何however did you manage it? 这件事你究竟如何处理的？(表惊讶)however did you go yourself? 你一个人究竟是怎么去的？(表感动)用恰当词语填空1)(真题改编湖南)_ hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.2)_ hungry i am, i never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread答案：(1)however(2)however2. this is because no one lives near the top of mount kilauea, where the rocks fall. 这是因为在岩石下落的基拉韦厄火山顶附近无人居住。this is because.这是因为；其中because引导的是表语从句；where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the top of mount kilauea。this is because he was ill yesterday. 这是由于他昨天生病的缘故。the area looks more beautiful, where many trees have been planted 那片区域看起来更美了，那里已经种植了很多的树。温馨提示because引导表语从句时，其主句的主语多为this，that或it。why/because/that引导的表语从句这三个词都可以引导表语从句，但用法和含义有区别：(1)why引导的从句可译为“()就是为什么”。如：is that why you had a few days off? 那就是你请了几天假的原因吗？(2)because引导的从句解释事件的原因，可译为“()是因为”。如：that she works in a kindergarten is because she likes children. 她在幼儿园上班是因为她喜欢孩子。(3)that常用于“the reason why.is/was that.”结构中，该结构可译为“的理由/原因是”。如：the reason why i liked the film was that it was funny. 我喜欢这部电影的原因是它很搞笑。汉译英他上班迟到的原因是他偶然遇到了一起车祸。_答案：the reason why he was late for work was that he ran across an accident.3. i was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.我刚要再睡，突然我的卧室亮如白昼。本句含有be about to. when.句式，该句式表示正要这时(突然)。when在此为并列连词，意为就在这时(突然)。i was about to say when you interrupted me. 我正要说话的时候，你插嘴了。i was about to go out when the telephone rang. 我正要出去，电话铃响了。be doing sth. when.正在做某事，就在这时be going to do sth./on the point of doing sth. when.正在做某事，就在这时had just done sth. when.刚刚做完某事，就在这时w