人教版选修八Unit 4 Pygmalion Learning about Language课时作业 (5).docx

unit 4 pygmalion learning about language课时作业.单句语法填空1.（2016天津卷改编）the cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, making(make) air conditioning unnecessary.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：冷风通过我们卧室的窗户吹进来，使得开空调变得没有必要。现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然地结果。2.when finished(finish)， the paper should be turned in without delay.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：一旦完成，文件应立刻上交。the paper 与finish之间是被动关系。过去分词作时间状语。3.inspired(inspire) by what he said, the girl student decided to work harder.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在他的话的鼓励下，女学生决定更努力地学习。the girl student 与inspire之间是被动关系。过去分词作原因状语。4.he hurried to the hall, followed(follow) by two guards.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：他快步走向大厅，身后跟着两个卫兵。过去分词作伴随状语，表示follow与主语之间是被动关系。5.asked /having been asked(ask) many times, he still hasnt said a word about the matter.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然已被问了好几次，对这件事他仍只字未提。过去分词作让步状语。6.exhausted(exhaust) by the journey, he soon fell asleep.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：由于旅途劳累，他很快就睡着了。exhaust与主语he之间是被动的关系，过去分词作原因状语。7.having been forced(force) to leave his job, he set up his own company.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：他被迫辞职后创建了自己的公司。主语he与force是被动关系，而且强调force动作先完成，故用现在分词被动形式作状语。8.it shames me to say it, but i told a lie when questioned（question) at the meeting by my boss.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意： 说起来不好意思，当被老板询问的时候, 我撒了谎。过去分词表被动完成的动作。9.put（put）into use in april 2016, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.解析：考查非谓语动词。句子的主语the hotline与put之间是被动关系, 根据语境已经发生，故用过去分词作状语。10.facing /having faced（face) so much trouble,we failed to complete the task on time.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：面对这么多困难，我们没有按时完成任务。句子主语we与face之间是主谓关系，用现在分词作状语。.单句改错1. for the breakdown of the school computer network, alice was in low spirits.解析：考查非谓语动词。blame为及物动词, 与alice是动宾（被动）关系, 这里过去分词作状语表被动、完成。2.when different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.解析：考查非谓语动词。由于句子主语we与动词compare之间为主动关系, 所以用现在分词的主动式。when comparing different cultures相当于时间状语从句when we compare different cultures。3.no matter how frequently being performed, the works of beethoven still attract people all over the world.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：无论它们(指贝多芬的作品)被演奏多少次，贝多芬的作品受到世界人民的欢迎。the works 与perform之间是被动关系。performed这里是过去分词短语作状语。no matter how frequently performed相当于no matter how frequently they are performed。4.john received an invitation to dinner, and with his work was finished, he gladly accepted it.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：约翰收到晚宴的邀请，因为他的任务完成，他就愉快地接受了。“with+宾语+宾补” 结构中, 宾补用过去分词，表示完成被动的动作。5.with so much work my mind, i almost break down.解析：考查非谓语动词。with复合结构中, 此处so much work与fill之间为主谓关系, 并且强调此时状态, 故用现在分词短语作宾补。6.the flowers his friend gave him will die unless are watered every day.解析：考查非谓语动词。unless引导条件状语从句时, 主从句的主语一致, 又含有be动词时, 常把主语和be动词省略。此处应为unless （they are） watered。 7.as you know, being driven by a greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为：受对于蔬菜的更大量需求的驱使, 农民们建了更多的暖棚。主语farmers 与drive之间是被动关系, 故用过去分词作原因状语。8.the children went home from the grammar school, their lessons had finished for the day.解析：考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构判断, 此处为独立主格结构, 且功课是被完成的, 故用过去分词。9.having beenred, the building stands out among the rest and looks very attractive.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：漆成红色后，这栋楼房在其他房子中显得突出，看起来非常引人注目。the building与paint之间是被动关系，现在分词完成被动式作状语。10. in deep thought，he didnt notice us entering the room.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：由于沉溺于思考之中，所以他没有注意到我们进入房间。absorb的过去分词，作状语时不表示被动而表示状态。.阅读理解the career of henrik ibsen was directly influenced by his childhood.in later years, the great playwright remembered only a cruel, angry father, forced by business defeats to move the family to an old farm outside skien, norway, ibsens mother, no longer welcomed in the homes of her wealthy friends, started to suffer from depression.at sixteen, the young ibsen left home, working as an apprentice(学徒) in grimstad.failure, for ibsen, became a way of life.catalina, his first literary attempt, was impossible to sell.the privately printed book was eventually sold as packing paper to a grocer.ibsen sought admission to the university in oslo but failed the entrance examinations.he tried a career as a journalist, without success.as a stage manager, first in bergen, then in oslo, he did better, but lost the latter job when the theater closed down.the experience was not altogether wasted.at bergen, ibsens agreement required him to provide one new play each year, and although none of the five he produced was well received, the requirement forced him to learn the techniques of his trade.in 1864, ibsen took his wife and baby son to rome, italy, where they spent five years living in poor conditions.on the edge of starvation, he wrote brand, dealing with the subject he knew best: failure.six months after he sent brand to danish publishers, his fortunes had changed completely.the play was brought out in march, 1866, becoming an immediate success.with brand and peer gynt, written in the same period, ibsen won recognition at last.awarded an annual fixed payment and the title of national poet by norway, he dropped his shabby clothes and became a welldressed, neatly barbered, distinguished writer.语篇导读本文是一篇人物传记，讲述易卜生的人生经历，尽管前半生很波折却终凭自身努力功成名就。1.which of the following best describes ibsens childhood?a.lonely. b.peaceful. c.unhappy. d.surprising.解析：c 推理判断题。根据第一段可知，童年时期易卜生家道中落，父亲脾气不好，母亲患有抑郁症，因此他的童年并不快乐。2.ibsens first successful work was written in_ .a.grimstad b.bergen c.oslo d.rome解析：d 细节理解题。根据第三段首句及“the play was brought out in march, 1866, becoming an immediate success”可知，布朗德是易卜生第一部成功的剧作，创作于罗马。3.what can we learn from the text?a.one is never too old to learn.b.experience is the best teacher.c.failure is the mother of success.d.wisdom is better than gold or silver.解析：c 推理判断题。经历过多次失败之后，易卜生终于取得了成功。故c项符合文章主旨。4.which of the following can describe henrik ibsen according to the passage?a.devoted. b.easy going.c.determined. d.kind hearted.解析：c 推理判断题。本文介绍了易卜生是如何从失败走向成功的。当他在bergen当舞台经理时，行业要求他一年出一部新剧，虽然都无果而终，但他没有消沉，而是努力去学习他的行业技术直到后来成功。因此用c来描述比较合适，而其他几项文中都没有专门涉及。.完形填空many of my friends meet on wednesday in the early morning to go to a specific parking lot sale held at a second-hand store.we love it 1 we can put whatever fits into the grocery bag for just $1.as we finished one day， paid our 2 ， and stayed to talk a bit， we noticed the clothing that 3 was being scooped up(铲起) and being thrown into their rubbish bin.astonished，we asked 4 ， and they said they had no 5 for the extra clothes and it would pile up very quickly.i asked them why they had not 6 other places like churches，shelters for women and children.they said they did several times in the past and they only came two or three times and 7 as they had to be there at a specific time in the morning which was right 8 the parking lot sale.after coming a few times， 9 of these organizations quit.well， 10 we said that we were here 11 and could take whatever was left.they agreed！so we 12 our two cars up to the top and carried it to our city，13 on top of the world.we have done this every wednesday now for two years！we 14 a tiny clothing shop called gifts of grace when a storehouse donated two small rooms to us.we were holding yard sales and flea markets until then for anyone who needed clothing. 15 we have a real building and advertise 16 clothing for anyone who has the need.we have 17 hundreds of families in the tight economy so far with the clothing people were just going to 18 .now our community is better because of it and our lives are enjoyable.their lives are made a bit 19 to have this opportunity to find nice clothing for not one single penny.we volunteer and run it about two or three days a week.one persons 20 is always another persons wealth!语篇导读本文是一篇记叙文。作者和他的朋友去参加parking lot sale(停车场大甩卖活动，爱心募捐活动)时，发现有很多剩下的衣物被当作垃圾扔掉。他们把这些衣物带回自己所在的城市，免费给了那些需要的人。1.a.thoughb.because c.as if d.even if解析：b 考查连词辨析。句意：周三清早我和很多朋友都去了在一家二手商店里举行的parking lot sale(停车场二手货大甩卖、爱心募捐活动)。我们都很喜欢这个活动，因为任何能装入杂货袋的东西均只需一美元。故答案选b。2.a.meals b.clothing c.dollars d.shopping解析：c 考查名词辨析。句意：在完成一天的购物，付完“款”后根据第一段最后一句内容和生活常识可知，买完东西是要“付钱”的。故答案选c。3.a.remained b.left c.stayed d.sold解析：a 考查动词辨析。句意：我们停下来闲谈，发现那些“剩下”的衣服正在被铲起扔到垃圾箱里。4.a.what b.how c.why d.where解析：c 考查疑问词辨析。句意：因为感到很震惊，我们问为什么(要这样做)。根据句意可知，此处表示询问原因，应用why一词。故答案选c。5.a.need b.time c.energy d.room解析：d 考查名词辨析。句意：他们告诉我们这是因为没有地方去放这些衣服。根据句意可知，答案选d。6.a.searched b.joined c.founded d.informed解析：d 考查动词辨析。句意：我问他们，为什么不通知其他地方的人来免费领取这些衣服，比如教堂和妇女儿童救助站等。a项意为“搜查”；b项意为“加入”；c项意为“建立”；d项意为“通知，告诉”。根据句意可知，答案选d。7.a.seized b.stopped c.continued d.managed解析：b 考查动词辨析。句意：他们说，在过去他们也这样做过几次，而那些人只来过两三次就不来了，因为那些人必须在这个特殊活动后的清早赶到这里。根据句意可知，答案选b。8.a.after b.before c.during d.since解析：a 考查介词辨析。句意：他们在活动结束后才赶到这里。根据句意可知，答案选a。 9.a.some b.none c.few d.most解析：d 考查代词辨析。句意：在来了几次之后，大部分这样的组织都放弃了。根据上文内容可知，他们把剩下的衣服扔进了垃圾箱。most一词，与上下文内容相符。故答案选d。10.a.willingly b.nervously c.eagerly d.calmly解析：c 考查副词辨析。句意：我们很热切地说我们会一直来这里，愿意拿走所有剩下的东西。根据下文内容可知，我们很渴望得到这些衣物。故答案选c。11.a.many times b.all the time c.some times d.one time解析：b 考查短语辨析。a项意为“很多次”；b项意为“总是，一直”；c项意为“几次”；d项意为“一会儿，一次”。句意：我们很热切地说我们会一直来这里。根据语境可知，答案选b。12.a.drove b.put c.loaded d.provided解析：c 考查动词辨析。句意：他们同意了。所以我们把我们的两辆汽车装得满满的，把它们(衣物)拉到了我们所在的城市，感觉欣喜若狂。load(装载)到车上。根据句意，故答案选c。13.a.thinking b.feeling c.imagining d.picturing解析：b 考查动词辨析。本题关键是对“on the top of the world”的理解。feel on the top of the world为固定搭配，意为“欣喜若狂”。根据语境可知，答案选b。14.a.broke up b.rented c.opened up d.bought解析：c 考查动词辨析。句意：当一家仓库捐赠给我们两间小屋后，我们“开”了一家叫“gifts of grace”的小服装店。a项意为“破碎，结束”；b项意为“租”。c项意为“开办，开设，创办”；d项意为“买”。故答案选c。15.a.meanwhile b.now c.then d.however解析：b 考查连词辨析。句意：现在我们拥有了一个真正的场所(原来是仓库)，也发布了任何需要衣服的人可以免费来领取的信息。上文都为过去时态，讲述的过去的情况，但是本句为一般现在时，讲述的是现在的情况，因此应用now(现在，此刻)一词。故答案选b。16.a.free b.cheap c.good d.casual解析：a 考查形容词辨析。句意：发布了任何需要衣服的人可以免费来领取的信息。a项意为“免费的”；b项意为“便宜的”；c项意为“好的”，d项意为“随便的，非正式的”。根据句意和下文内容可知，答案应选a项。17.a.served b.given c.offered d.fetched解析：a 考查动词辨析。句意：到目前为止，用这些将会被扔掉的衣服我们已经为几百户经济因难的家庭提供了帮助。故答案选a。18.a.put away b.take away c.throw away d.give away解析：c 考查动词短语辨析。句意：根据第二段第一句和上文可知，应用throw away(扔掉)。a项意为“放好，储存”；b项意为“拿走，剥夺”；d项意为“泄露，赠送”。故答案选c。19.a.easier b.harder c.busier d.simpler解析：a 考查形容词辨析。句意：不花一分钱就能得到这些衣物，他们的生活也变得轻松、安逸了一些。根据语境可知，应用easier一词。故答案选a。20.a.belonging b.treasure c.dream d.waste解析：d 考查名词辨析。句意：一个人丢弃的东西会是另一个人的财富。a项意为“财产，所属物”，b项意为“珍宝”；c项意为“梦想”；d项意为“废弃物，浪费”。根据语境可知，答案选d。.语法填空 if you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify(识别) those of 1.greater(great) and less importance.then, handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of 2.achievement(achieve).leaving the less important things until tomorrow 3.is(be) often acceptable.most of us are more focused 4.on our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.so, get an early start and try to be as productive 5.as possible before lunch.this will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.recent 6.studies(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 7.regularly(regular).give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 8. a while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.if you find something you love doing outside of the office, youll be less likely 9.to bring(bring) your work home.it could be anythinggardening, cooking, music, sportsbut whatever it is,10.make(make) sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.1.解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据下文less importance可知，此处用形容词的比较级修饰importance。2.解析：考查名词。介词后接名词。3.解析：考查主谓一致和时态。句子的主语是动名词短语leaving the less important things until tomorrow，故谓语用单数；且全文的基本时态是一般现在时。4.解析：考查介词。be focused on集中于,固定短语。5.解析：考查连词。固定结构“asas possible尽可能”。6.解析：考查名词复数。句子为show，为复数形式，故主语应为复数。7.解析：考查副词。修饰谓语动词用副词。8.解析：考查冠词。for a while一会儿，固定短语。9.解析：考查非谓语动词。be likely to do可能做某事，固定短语。10.解析：考查祈使句。分析句子结构可知，but连接两个并列分句。其中第二个分句中whatever引导让步状语从句，其后为祈使句，是主句。单句语法填空。1.the new technology, if applied(apply) to rice growing, will help increase the grain output.解析：句意：这项新的科技，如果被用在水稻种植上，将有助于提高谷物的产量。句子的主语为the new technology，与非谓语动词是逻辑上的被动关系，因此用过去分词短语作状语。2.though disappointed(disappoint) to know he wouldnt get the job after the interview, frank thanked us politely.解析：句意：尽管弗兰克在面试后很失望地得知他不会得到这份工作，但他还是礼貌地谢了我们。在这里“though”引导的从句是个省略句，补全应是though(frank was)disappointed to know he wouldnt get the job after the interview。3.compared(compare) with 2010 in china, the number of students choos