北师大版必修三Unit 9 wheels Lesson 3 Clean Machines学案.docx

unit 9 wheels lesson 3 clean machines学案people have been worried about pollution caused_by_fuels_like_petrol_and_gas for a long time now.很久以来，人们一直为汽油、煤气等燃料造成的污染担忧。(1)句中caused by fuels like petrol and gas是过去分词短语作定语。不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表示完成，不表示被动。及物动词的过去分词作定语既表示被动，也表示完成。the book written by him is very popular.他写的那本书很受欢迎。the bridge built 30 years ago is under repair.30年前修建的那座桥正在维修中。(2)现在分词的被动语态作定语时表示的动作正在发生或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；不定式的被动语态作定语时，表示一个未来的动作。the browns have a comfortable house to live in.布朗一家有一栋舒适的房子可以住。the house belonging to my uncle is located on the seashore.我叔叔的房子坐落在海边。the question being discussed now involves pollution.现在正在讨论的问题涉及污染。1单句语法填空for breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit grown (grow) on his own farm.the young man waving (wave) to me is a friend of mine.most of the artists invited (invite) to the party are from south africa.2. 句型转换do you know the man who is sitting there?do you know the man sittingthere?listen! the song that they are singing is very popular with the students.listen! the song beingsung is very popular with the students.现在完成时和现在完成进行时语法初识原句感知自主探究solar racers have been coming to australia for years for the world solar car challenge.people have been worried about pollution caused by fuels like petrol and gas.ive been interested in cars since kindergarten.and ive been taking part in races for about four years.what have you been doing recently?he has been standing there for an hour.they have reached speeds of nearly 80 kph.(1)现在完成时强调动作已经完成，如句，而现在完成进行时表示动作未完成，强调动作还在持续或反复中，如句、句、句。(2)现在完成时既可以是动作动词也可以是状态动词，如句、句，而现在完成进行时只能用动作动词。(3)现在完成时不能表示感情色彩，而现在完成进行时态可以，如句。语法剖析现在完成时和现在完成进行时的比较1现在完成时由“have/has过去分词”构成，表示过去所发生的动作或事情对现在造成的影响或结果；现在完成进行时由“have/has been现在分词”构成，表示某一动作在过去某一时间发生，一直延续到现在，有可能到此为止，也有可能继续下去。现在完成进行时是兼有现在完成时和现在进行时两者基本特点的时态。由于它有现在完成时的特点，它可以表示某一动作对现在产生的结果或影响；又由于它有现在进行时的特点，所以它也表示某一动作的延续性、现时性、重复性、生动性乃至感情色彩。this afternoon, i have played football for an hour.今天下午我踢了一小时的足球。(现在仍是下午，强调结果)i have been playing football since four this afternoon. i feel tired now.今天下午四点开始我就一直踢足球。现在好累。(强调不久前一直进行的动作刚刚结束)2现在完成时通常与all morning, all day 或the whole day等连用，而never, yet, already和ever等只可用于现在完成时，不能用于现在完成进行时。we have already learnt unit 2.我们已经学习了第二单元。she is the most beautiful girl i have ever met.她是我见过的最漂亮的女孩。3现在完成进行时表示一种不间断的持续的动作，提问时用how long; 如果表示动作反复发生用现在完成时，提问时则用how many times.how long have you been playing the game?i have been playing it for two hours.这个游戏你玩了多久了？我玩了两个小时了。how many times have you done the experiment?three.你做这个实验多少次了？三次。4现在完成时强调“事实”；而现在完成进行时则强调“动作”，有时还含有喜悦、愤怒、不满、厌恶等感情色彩。i have been waiting for you for two hours.我一直等了你两个小时。(强调动作的持续性或不满意)i have waited for you for two hours.我已经等了你两个小时。(说明一个事实)5状态动词和感官动词如have, know, see等，不可用于现在完成进行时，但却可以用于现在完成时。我认识她已经很久了。i have been knowing her for a long time.(误)i have known her for a long time.(正)这些日子我没有见过他。i havent been seeing him these days.(误)i havent seen him these days.(正)1单句语法填空i have_cut (cut) up all the meat. what shall i do now?she has_been_cutting (cut) up magazines for a collage all morning.he has_been_waiting (wait) in your office since he arrived.im pleased hes got his promotion. he has_waited(wait) a long time for it.he hasnt got much hair. he has_been_losing (lose) it since he was only thirty.she has_lost (lose) her keys. she cant find them anywhere.2判断正误(t/f)ive been going to the gym regularly.(t)johns daughter has been growing up since i saw her.(f)they have been playing football all morning.(t)weve known them for a long time.(t)ive only been reading a few pages.(f)shes been saving up for a new car.(t)3翻译句子近来石油的价格如何？哦，自上个月以来油价猛涨。what_is_the_price_of_petrol_these_days?oh,_it_has_risen_sharply_since_last_month.小男孩儿一直在喝水。the_little_boy_has_been_drinking_water.应用实战一、链接高考单句语法填空1(2016江苏高考) dashan, who has_been_learning (learn) crosstalk, the chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the western standup tradition.2(浙江高考)during the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs has_increased (increase) sharply.3(湖南高考)have you heard about the recent election?sure, it has_been (be) the only thing on the news for the last three days.4(四川高考)they are living with their parents for the moment because their own house is_being_rebuilt (rebuild)5(浙江高考)alvin, are you coming with us?id love to, but something unexpected has_come (come) up.二、针对演练单句语法填空1i dont know this woman. i have_never_met (never, meet) her before.2oh, tom, i have_found (find) you finally. i have_been_looking (look) for you all the morning. where have you been?3how many times have you phoned (phone) me these days?did you phone (phone) me this morning?4i have_been_waiting (wait) for mike for several hours, but he hasnt_turned_ (not, turn) up till now.5lets go to the cinema.i am sorry but i havent_finished (not, finish) my homework.6why, jack, you look so tired!well, i have_been_painting (paint) the house and i must finish the work tomorrow.7i have to see the doctor because i have_been_coughing (cough) a lot lately.8excuse me, marcia, a reporter from vanityfairhas_been_phoning (phone) all day. could you speak to her now?9the number of foreign students attending chinese universities has_been_rising (rise) steadily since 1997.10by the time he realizes he has_walked (walk) into a trap, itll be too late for him to do anything about it.对应学生课下能力提升(十).单句语法填空1the beautiful scenery made a deep impression (impress) on every visitor.2all the racers (race) have been ready to start.3we are looking for someone who is reliable (rely) and hardworking.4please ask for the operator (operate) if you meet any problem while telephoning.5it is the first time that he has_visited (visit) the great wall.6dont let yourself be persuaded into buying things you dont want.7strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, whereas others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers.8he inserted the key into the lock but could not open the door.选词填空sensitive, accent, schedule, reliable, rely on, pull out, so far, take place1you cant rely_on the weather, which is changeable.2he is sensitive to cold. 3we have built three houses so_far. 4the new bridge has been finished two years ahead of schedule. 5she may forget shes not very reliable6the train pulled_out and disappeared in the distance soon. 7. he speaks with a german accent. 8the next olympics will take_place in tokyo.翻译句子1我正要出去，这时有人敲门。(be about to do . when .)i_was_about_to_go_out_when_someone_knocked_at_the_door.2我正在公园散步，这时我遇到了他。(be doing . when .)i_was_taking_a_walk_in_the_park_when_i_came_across_him.3昨天举行的会议很重要。(hold)the_meeting_held_yesterday_was_of_great_importance.4接下来要做的事情是打扫教室。(do)the_next_thing_to_do_is_to_clean_the_classroom.课文缩写语法填空solar cars use the suns energy 1.for power, which means they dont use petrol, gas or any other fuel, just the sunlight. the reason 2.why people are interested in solar cars is that people have been worrying about 3.pollution (pollute) caused by fuels like petrol and gas for a long time. marie logan, a solar car racer, has been designing solar racing cars for a long time. she has designed five or six 4.different (differ) cars so far. and she has taken part in races for about four years.recently she has been building a new car with a team from queensland university. they have done a lot of work on it, but 5.havent_finished (not, finish) yet. she is also writing a book and wants people to have a good 6.impression (impress) of solar cars.but a lot of people think that solar cars are too slow or not very 7.reliable (rely), so she tries 8.to_persuade (persuade) people 9.of the advantages of solar cars. solar cars are getting better all the time. they 10.have_reached (reach) the speed of nearly 80 kph.阅读理解the amount of time that people spend on travel is 1.1 hours per person per day in all societies. the average distance traveled is 7，400 miles (12，000 km) per year. in total, the world population travels more than 16.6 trillion miles (23 trillion km) per year, 53% of which is by car, 26% by bus, 9% by rail, 9% by highspeed transport such as airplanes, and 3% by bicycle, boat and other means.it is estimated (估计) that, due to developments in highspeed public transport, travel time will drop to only 12 minutes per person per day by 2050. of the global traffic volume, 35% will be by car, 20% by bus, 41% by highspeed transport, and 4% by rail.at present, traffic congestion (拥塞) has a huge negative (消极的) economic and environmental impact (影响) across the world. road congestion in the uk costs the uk economy 15 billion a year. it costs the us $100 billion a year. in seattle, washington for instance, a driver spends an average (平均) of 59 hours stuck in traffic each year. in the greater seattle area there are more cars than people; each household makes an average of 10 motorcar trips a day. according to sierra club, “american cars and trucks account for 20 percent of the worlds petroleum consumption (石油消耗)” the us has the most highways, but european roads are busier. in europe, cars travel more than 600 miles (1，000 km) per road per year, compared to an average of 500 km per road in the us. the worlds worst traffic jam usually occurs during the summer on the road from paris to toulouse, france.so take a hike. you can use googles public transport trip planner. or, in the least, find a job closer to home.语篇解读：现在全球过半的人选择自己驾车出行，这给交通造成了很大的压力。1according to the figures given in paragraph 1, what is the main means of transport at present?athe car.bthe bus.cthe train. dthe airplane.解析：选a细节理解题。根据第一段的“in total, the world population travels more than 16.6 trillion miles (23 trillion km) per year, 53% of which is by car”可知小汽车是目前主要的出行工具。2compared to today, we know in 2050, _amore people will choose to travel by trainbmore people will have a car of their own ca lot more people will choose the bus to go outda lot more people will choose highspeed transport解析：选d细节理解题。根据第二段的“41%by highspeed transport”可知到2050年，41%的人会选择高速交通工具，这比目前的9%高了很多，故选d项。3what does paragraph 3 suggest?atraffic congestion is a major problem for some countries.btraffic congestion will be more serious in the following years.ctraffic congestion is a problem for global economic development.damerica has more cars than any other country around the world.解析：选c推理判断题。根据第三段的“at present, traffic congestion (拥塞) has a huge negative (消极的) economic and environmental impact (影响) across the world. road congestion in .”可知交通阻塞严重影响了全球经济的发展，故选c项。4from the passage, we learn that in the greater seattle area, _apeople are not encouraged to go out by bus bfew people travel by traincevery person owns a cardthe traffic is very bad解析：选d推理判断题。根据第三段的“in seattle, washington for instance, a driver spends an average (平均) of 59 hours stuck in traffic each year. in the greater seattle area there are more cars than people.”可推断西雅图的交通状况很差。.任务型阅读how to cope with yesmenhave you ever had someone in your organization who was always agreeable? a type of person who always agrees with everyone else. 1._we have most likely all met a yesman at one time or another. yesmen are eager to please, but find it very difficult to voice their opinion. so what can you do as a leader to cope with (对付) them?talk to them. the first step is an honest and objective conversation about their behavior. 2._try to get them to see how they respond in these situations so they can start to see themselves objectively (客观地) as well.3_ start with a recent time when they agreed with a decision, and ask for their opinion. keep asking “why？” or “how come？” acknowledge their views and let them know that the rest of the team is waiting to hear what they say.find out why they always agree. it may be they are just very agreeable people. 4._ identify the causes and work with them to reduce the external (外部的) barriers to having their voice heard.tell them they need to disagree, constructively, when they have the next opportunity. when that time comes about, dont embarrass them by putting them on the spot. instead, ask them what they think, avoid yesno questions, and use “why” and “how come” questions to get their thoughts