牛津英语8B 教材知识点U1.docx

8B Unit 1 知识点总结单词1. raise v. 筹募 v. 增加；提高2. permission n. 准许；批准3. disabled adj. 丧失能力的；有残疾的4. teenager n. 青少年5. offer v. 主动提出6. suffer v. (因疾病等)受苦；受折磨7. serious adj. 严重的8. illness n. （某种）病9. organize v. 组织；筹备10. express v. 表达；表露11. pain n. 痛苦；苦恼12. lonely adj. 孤独的；寂寞的13. friendship n. 友情；友谊14. difficulty n. 困难；费劲15. joy n. 愉快；喜悦16. peace n. 平静；宁静17. hurt v. (hurt, hurt) （使）疼痛；受伤18. courage n. 勇气；勇敢19. spirits n. (pl.) 情绪；心境20. pay v. (paid, paid) 付费21. community n. 社区22. language n. 语言23. communication n. 交流；交际24. ballet n. 芭蕾舞25. accept v. 接受（建议、邀请等）26. reject v. 拒绝接受；不予考虑27. meaning n.意义；意思28. gesture n. 手势29. message n. 信息；消息30. bored adj. 厌倦的；烦闷的31. part-time adj. 兼职的32. well-dressed adj. 衣着入时的；穿着讲究的33. lady n. 女士；女子34. sigh v. 叹气；叹息35. matter n. （询问某人的情况）怎么了36. expression n. 表情；神色37. appearance n. 外貌；外表38. impression n. 印象39. towards prep. 向；朝；对着40. hold v. (held, held ) 使保持（在某位置）41. later adv. 以后；后来42. remind v. 提醒；使想起43. neck n. 颈；脖子44. cross v. 使交叉；使交叠45. nod v. 点头46. shake v. (shook, shaken) 握手；摇头47. sure adj. 确信；确定短语1. in need 需要帮助的2. voluntary work 义务性工作3. ask permission 报请批准4. suffer from 因。受苦；受折磨5. raise ones spirits 使振奋；使鼓起勇气6. in order to 为了，目的在于7. raise money 筹集资金8. take photos of 拍的照片9. teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事10. help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事11. continue to do 继续做某事12. have difficulty doing sth. 做某事有困难13. make friends with 和交朋友14. need to do sth. 需要做。15. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事16. body language 身势语；肢体语言17. take place 发生18. sit up 坐起来；坐直19. make a good impression on 给留下好印象20. remind sb. about sth. 提醒某人某事21. try doing sth. 试图做某事22. get a chance to do sth. 得到做某事的机会23. go to sb. for help 向某人求助24. love doing sth. 喜爱做某事25. give sb. a hand 帮助某人要点全解1. raise 及物动词，意为“筹集，筹募”。除此之外还有以下含义： 1）举起；抬起。其同义词是lift.Dont raise your hand. 不要举手。 2）养育；饲养；种植。其同义短语为bring up.Im very tired because I must raise a family. 我很累，因为我必须养家。 3）建立；竖起。其同义短语为set up.The people will raise a monument. 人们要立一座纪念碑。4）提高，升高Dont raise your voice. 不要提高声音。2. Could you do sth. ? 意为“你能做某事吗？”或者“请你做某事好吗？”，也可说Could you please do sth. ? 此时could表示一种委婉客气的语气。Could you (please) close the door? 请你关上门好吗？3. give sb. a hand 意为“帮助某人”，相当help sb.4. talk to 意为“与。交谈”。 talk with 意为“与。交谈”，强调谈话双方无主次之分，相互交流、交谈。 talk about 意为“谈论（某人、某事等）”。5. without 介词，意为“没有；不”。其反义词是with.6. 辨析sick与ill sick作表语意为“生病的，恶心的”His wife was sick in bed with a cold. 他妻子因感冒而卧床。作定语意为“生病的”Jane is taking care of her sick mother. 简正在照顾她生病的母亲。ill作表语意为“生病的”She has been ill for about a month. 她病了大约一个月了。作定语意为“坏的”The ill boy loves playing tricks on his elder sister.那个坏男孩喜欢跟他姐姐搞恶作剧。7. offer此处作动词，意为“主动提出”。主要用法有： offer sth.提出某事He offered a good plan for our holiday.他为我们的假期提出了一个很好的计划。offer to do sth.（主动）提出做某事Tom offered to drive us to the bus station.汤姆主动提出开车送我们去公交车站。offer sb. sth. / offer sth. to sb.（主动）给某人提供某物We should offer others our help.我们应当主动帮助别人。8. serious 形容词，“严重的；严肃的”。seriously副词，“严重地；严肃地”。9. 过去分词短语作定语放在被修饰词的后面。相当于一个定语从句。 I like the book written by Lu Xun. = I like the book that were written by Lu Xun. 我喜欢鲁迅写的书。10. take photos of 表示“给。拍照”，take photos 意为“拍照”。11. 辨析tell, talk, speak与saytell告诉，讲述表示把某件事或某条信息传达给别人，也可以表示“讲故事”或“说谎话”等talk交谈，谈话talk to/ with sb. 意为“与某人交谈”，talk about 意为“谈论”speak说，发言常用来指说某种语言，也可指发言等say说强调说的内容，它的后面或前面往往有说话的内容12. help sb. (to) do sth. 意为“帮助某人做某事”，与help sb. with sth. 意思相同。 help oneself to sth. 随便吃某物 cant help doing 禁不住做13. spend 及物动词，意为“度过，消磨”。也可表示“花费”。 常见搭配：sb. + spend (s) + money/ time + (in) doing sth. 某人花费金钱/ 时间做某事 sb. + spend (s) + money/ time + on sth. 某人在某事/ 某物上花费金钱/ 时间14. die 不及物动词，意为“死”。dies （第三人称单数），died（过去式），dying（现在分词），dead（形容词），death（名词）。15. lonely 形容词，意为“孤独的，寂寞的”表示主观感受。alone“单独地；独自地”表示客观情况。16. continue 及物动词，意为“使继续；使连续”，后接动词不定式或动名词作宾语，都表示“继续做某事”。continue with sth. 意为“使某事物继续存在或不断发生。”You can continue with your work. 你可以继续工作。17. have difficulty (in) doing sth. 意为“做某事有困难” have trouble (in) doing sth. “做某事有麻烦” have problems (in) doing sth. “做某事有问题” have fun (in) doing sth. “做某事有乐趣”18. 辨析bring, take, get与carrybring从某处将某人或某物“带来”，后面常接双宾语来Remember to bring me the pictures.记着将照片给我带来。take将某人或某物从说话人处“带到”另一处去I wont take you there.我不会带你去那儿。get去某处将某人或某物“带到”说话人处去来Please get some paper for me.请给我拿些纸来。carry强调“负重”或“搬运”无He carried a baby on his back.他背着一个婴儿。19. feel like doing sth. “想做某事” in the future “在将来”。 in future意为“从今以后”，相当于from now on20. be afraid of 意为“害怕，不敢”，后接名词、代词或动名词。 be afraid to do sth. 意为“害怕做某事” be afraid that从句，表示“担心/ 害怕”。 He was afraid that he would lose. 他担心会输。21.“one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词”表示“最之一”。 The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in China. 黄河是中国最长的河之一。22. so that从句可以转换成” in order + that从句” 或in order to do sth. 结构。 I worked hard so that I could finish my work on time. = I worked hard in order to finish my work on time. 我努力工作以便能按时完成工作。23. pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱（给某人）买某物 pay for sth. 付某物的钱 pay for sb. 替某人付钱 pay sb. 付钱给某人24. decide (not) to do sth. 决定（不）做某事 decide on (doing) sth. 决定（做）某事 decide名词形式decision; make a decision 作决定 decide + that 从句eg: She has decided that she will be a doctor in the future. 她已决定将来当一名医生。25. 1）advice不可数名词，意为“建议”。表示“一条建议”用a piece of advice, 表示“一些建议”用some advice. give sb. some advice/ give some advice to sb. 给某人提一些建议 ask for advice 征求意见 follow/ take sb.s advice 接受某人的建议 2）advise动词，意为“建议”，后接名词、代词或V.-ing形式作宾语，也可用于advise sb. (not) to do sth. 结构，意为“建议某人（不要）做某事”。eg: She advised us to wait (for) one more day. 她建议我们再等一天。26. would like的常见搭配：would like sth.想要某物Id like some apples. 我想要一些苹果。would like to do sth.想做某事Wed like to go to the beach. 我们想去海难。would like sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事Id like you to go with me. 我想要你和我一起去。27. 辨析think about, think of与think overthink about考虑，想有时可与think of 互换，后可接名词、代词、动词-ing形式、由疑问词引导的动词不定式或宾语从句think of想，想起，认为后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式，常用于疑问句中，与what连用think over认真考虑，仔细考虑后接名词或代词作宾语，当接代词时，应将代词放在think与over之间28. be unable to “未能，不能”，后接动词原形。 be able to “能够（做某事）”，后接动词原形。29. have an interview with sb. 相当于interview sb. 意为“采访某人，和某人交谈”。 The reporter is having an interview with the film star. = The reporter is interviewing the film star. 那位记者正在采访那位电影明星。30. over的含义： 1）多于，超过，相当于more than. T