译林版必修三Unit 3 back to the past Reading学案 (6).docx

unit 3 back to the past reading学案.重点单词1 n文明2 n讲座；vi.讲演，讲课3 vt.兴建，创建 (过去式) (过去分词)4 vi.(火山等)爆发 n爆发5 vi.涌流，倾泻；vt.倒出(液体)6 adj.不幸的，遗憾的7 vt.装饰，装潢8 vt.& vi.逃避，逃跑；迅速离开 (过去式) (过去分词)9 n灾难10 vt.毁坏，摧毁11 adj.商业的，贸易的12 adj.富有的，富裕的 n财产，财富13 adv.渐渐地，逐渐地14 adj.文化的 n文化15 n(教育或其他专业)机构，研究所16 n废墟；毁坏；vt.破坏，毁灭17 n遗物，遗迹，遗骸 v保持不变，仍然是；剩余，遗留18 prep.在之下19 n材料；物质；adj.物质的20 vi.爆炸 n爆炸.重点短语1 作为而出名2 夺取；接管3 倒出；涌出；吐出，尽情诉说4 造成破坏5 用装饰6 结果是，证明是7 未能做某事8 损坏；崩溃；瓦解；出故障9 与；和一同，连同10 砍伐；削减；砍倒.重点句式1介、副词短语位于句首引起的倒装 a volcano.离该城不远处有一座火山。2sb./sth.be believed to do. over by sandstorms from ad 200 to ad 400.人们相信，它是在公元200年至公元400年间被沙尘暴逐渐吞没的。.课文阅读理解1from the lecture ann knew a lot about pompeii except that .awhen pompeii was foundedbwhen pompeii was taken over by the romanscwhen pompeii was burieddwhen pompeii was discovered2 discovered pompeii.aa farmerban archaeologistca visitor sven hedin3what is not true about loulan?ait was on the famous silk road.bit was a wealthy commercial city.cit disappeared suddenly.dit was discovered by sven hedin.4from the passage we know .aboth pompeii and loulan existed at the same time in historybboth pompeii and loulan were destroyed for the same reasoncboth pompeii and loulan were once a rich citydboth pompeii and loulan were discovered by a foreigner5the purpose of writing this passage is .ato show how happy the writer was to have such a chance to visit the sitesbto arouse peoples sense of protecting civilizationscto compare the civilizations of pompeii and loulandto tell us how pompeii and loulan were destroyed.课文阅读填空a.dateactionsemotions15th julywe were in italy.feel 1. .16th julywe attended a 2. about pompeii.how unfortunate！17th julyi saw the 3. roman city of pompeii.how amazing！24th julywe arrived in loulan.so excited to be here！25th julya professor told us the 4. of loulan and we saw its present situation.what a pity！b.pompeiitimeeventin the 5. century bcit was founded.in 89 bcit was taken 6. by the romans.on 24th aug.ad 79the volcano near the city 7. .in 1860it was put under government protection.loulan2,000 years agoit existed as a 8. city.from ad 200 to ad 400it was covered over gradually by 9. .100 years agoit was 10. by a european explorer.重点词汇1the city was founded in the 8th century bc.这座城市建立于公元前8世纪。归纳拓展(1)found vt.兴建，创建，创办be founded on/upon建立在之上；以为依据(2)foundation n基础；地基语境助记(1)the peoples republic of china was founded in 1949.中华人民共和国成立于1949年。(2)the castle is founded on solid rock.这座城堡建在坚固的岩石上。(3)this story is founded on/upon facts.这个故事是有事实依据的。题组训练(1)sun yatsen the first republic in china in 1911 after he fought for the chinese people for many years.afound bfoundedchad founded dfounding(2) in the early 20th century，the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art.ato found bfoundingcfounded dhaving founded2in 89 bc，the romans took over pompeii.公元前89年，罗马人占领了庞贝城。归纳拓展take over夺取；接管take on从事(某项工作)；雇用；呈现(面貌)take up占据；从事(某项活动)，发展(某种爱好)take off起飞；脱掉(衣服等)；开始获得成功；(事业等)腾飞take in吸收；欺骗；理解take out拿出，掏出；把带出去take down记录下来；拆除take to养成的习惯；喜欢上；适应语境助记(1)was it in 1948 that the government of great britain took over the railways?英国政府是在1948年接管铁路的吗？(2)my time is fully taken up with writing.我把时间全都用在了写作上。(3)the plane took off on time.飞机准时起飞了。(4)he hadnt taken to his new school.他还没有适应他的新学校。题组训练(1)用take相关短语的适当形式填空he his hat and bowed politely as she passed.i oil painting in my spare time.the company by sony in 1989.his face a worried look.(2)its certain that their only child will the big business when the couple get old.(2016江阴市四校高一期中)ahand over btake overcgo over dget over(3)when did you staying up so late?when i entered this school two years ago，where students have too much homework to do.(2017启东中学高一月考)atake in btake onctake over dtake to3i saw several houses which were decorated with wall paintings.我看见了好几所装饰有壁画的房子。归纳拓展(1)decorate vt.装饰，装潢decorate.with.用装饰(2)decoration n装饰；装饰品语境助记(1)they decorated the room with flowers and balloons.他们用花和气球装饰了房间。(2)we put christmas decorations on the tree.我们把圣诞饰物挂在树上。题组训练(1)after school we went to the readingroom to do some reading，only to be told that it .(2017南菁高级中学高一检测)awas decoratedbhad decoratedchad been decoratingdwas being decorated(2)the wedding is near，so linda is occupied with the work of her new house now.arepairing bmendingcdecorating dselling4it turns out that after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city，their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared，leaving empty spaces in the ash.原来，火山灰覆盖了没能逃离城市的人，他们的身体几乎全部烧化消失了，只留下火山灰里的人形空当。归纳拓展1turn out结果是，证明是；生产turn on打开turn off关掉turn over移交；(使)翻转turn down关小；调低；拒绝turn up到来；露面；被发现，被找到turn in上交；上缴turn into (使)变成，转变为语境助记1(1)the rumor turned out to be true.传闻后来证明是真的。(2)if the day turns out wet，we may have to change our plans.万一下雨的话，我们也许得改变计划。(3)turn on the light.its too dark to see.把灯打开。太暗了，看不见。题组训练1选词填空(1)when the sports hero at our party，he was welcomed with open arms.(2)i would，indeed， the evidence to the police.(3)new technologies have made it possible to new products faster and at a lower cost.(4)dont the computer before closing all programs，or you could have problems.(5)if nothing is done，the oceans will fish deserts.归纳拓展2flee vt.& vi.逃避，逃跑；迅速离开flee (from).(从)逃跑flee to/into.逃往，逃到flee for ones life逃命flee to safety逃到安全的地方语境助记2(1)the enemy had fled (from) the village when our men arrived.我们的人到达时，敌人已逃离村子了。(2)the child fled to his mother for safety.小孩逃向他的妈妈以寻求安全。(3)as the volcano erupted，the villagers fled for their lives.当火山爆发时，村民们赶紧逃命。题组训练2(1)all the teachers and students managed to the shaking teaching building when the earthquake happened.aflee bpourcslide dslip(2)he the cave before the police arrived，but he failed.amanaged to flee away frombtried fleeing out ofcmanaged fleeingdtried to flee归纳拓展3break down分解；发生故障；身体垮掉；汽车抛锚；失败，瓦解break up破裂，解散；破碎break in闯进；打断break into闯入；侵占break out爆发break through突破；冲破；有重要发现语境助记3(1)chemicals in the body break down our food into useful substances.体内的化学成分把我们吃的食物分解为有用的物质。(2)the washing machine seems to have broken down again.洗衣机好像又发生故障了。(3)its very impolite of you to break in while were talking.你打断我们的谈话是很不礼貌的。(4)the thief broke into the house during the night.小偷在夜间破门进入住宅。题组训练3(1)写出下列句子中break down的汉语意思his health broke down. our truck broke down. the plan broke down. (2)what is known to us all is that the bacteria that live in the soil help to our wastes.(2016扬州中学高一月考)abreak down btake downcput down dwrite down(3)im surprised to hear that sue and paul have .so am ithey seemed very happy together when i last saw them.abroken up bfinished upcdivided up dclosed up5a scholar from the local cultural institute，professor zhang，told us that around the year 1900 the european explorer sven hedin discovered the ruins of the loulan kingdom.当地文化研究所的学者张教授告诉我们，大约在1900年，欧洲探险家斯文海定发现了楼兰王国的遗址。归纳拓展ruin n废墟，遗迹(常用作复数形式)；毁坏；vt.毁灭，使破产in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪bring.to ruin使毁灭；使没落fall in/into ruin灭亡；荒废ruin ones hope(s)/health/fame使某人的希望破灭；毁坏某人的健康/名誉语境助记(1)after the earthquake，we can see the ruins of the village.地震后我们可以看到这个村子成了一片废墟。(2)the heavy rain ruined our holiday.大雨把我们的假期彻底搞砸了。(3)years of fighting has left the area in ruins.几年的战事已经使得这个地区满目疮痍。易混辨析ruin，damage，destroy三个词都有“毁灭，破坏”之意，但它们的含义不同。(1)ruin指彻底毁掉，但不含有以某种摧毁性的力量进行破坏，而含有在一定的过程中逐渐毁掉的意思；强调使某物失去优良的特性或特征。(2)damage指程度较小的“破坏，损坏”，强调价值、用途降低或外表损坏等。一般指被破坏的物品可以重新修复。(3)destroy常指彻底的、不能或很难修复的“破坏，毁坏”，程度较深，强调“毁坏”的力度和彻底性；也可用于损坏抽象的东西，比如名誉、计划、努力、契约等。题组训练(1)用ruin，damage，destroy的适当形式填空an earthquake sometimes can the whole city.the car was only slightly when it hit the wall.the fact that he had been in prison his chances for public office.(2)“if you go on stealing，you will your bright future，young man！” said the judge.(2016射阳二中高一月考)adestroy bdamagecruin dbreak6sven found the remains of buildings buried beneath the sand，together with a lot of treasures，including coins，painted pots，material such as silk，documents and wall paintings.斯文发现了那深埋于沙下的古建筑遗迹以及许多宝藏，包括钱币、带有图画的壶，像丝绸这样的布料、文献以及壁画。归纳拓展(1)remains npl.古代遗物，古迹，遗址；剩余物，残留物；剩饭菜(2)remain vi.留下，剩下，残留(不用进行时，无被动)；保持，仍然，继续remain形容词/名词/分词/介词短语 保持/仍然remain to be done有待于被做it remains to be seen whether.尚待分晓；还不确定。(3)remaining adj.剩下的，余下的语境助记(1)she fed the remains of her lunch to the dog.她把剩下的午饭喂狗了。(2)he remained silent.他保持沉默。(3)i went to the city，but my brother remained at home.我进了城，但是我弟弟待在家里。(4)it remains to be seen whether you are right.你是否正确，尚待分晓。(5)the remaining students will serve the audience.剩下的学生将为观众们服务。题组训练(1)用所给动词的适当形式填空we were shocked at the (remain) of the ancient rome.james，are you busy today?yes.a lot of work remains (do) right away.(2)with several problems to be solved，we still need to hold another meeting as soon as possible.(2017射阳二中高一学情调研)aremained bremainingcremain dto remain(3)the palace caught fire three times in the last century，and little of the original building now.aremainsbis remainedcis remainingdhas been remained经典句式1near the city was a volcano.离该城不远处有一座火山。归纳拓展此句为完全倒装句。当句首为表示地点的副词或介词短语，主语是名词而不是代词，且谓语动词是be，stand，sit，lie，live，come等动词时，为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接更紧密，常使用完全倒装结构。语境助记(1)here is the book you want.你要的书在这儿。(2)on the desk were some flowers.桌上放着一些鲜花。(3)in a lecture hall of a university in england sits a professor.在英格兰一所大学的讲堂里坐着一位教授。(4)beyond the river lives an old fisherman.有个老渔夫住在河的对岸。题组训练(1)john opened the door.there he had never seen before.aa girl did stand ba girl stoodcdid a girl stand dstood a girl(2)in front of our house we used to swim.(2016江阴四校高一期中)aa river lies thatbdoes a river lie where clies a river whichdlies a river where2it is believed to have been gradually covered over by sandstorms from ad 200 to ad 400.人们相信，它是在公元200年至公元400年间被沙尘暴逐渐吞没的。归纳拓展句中it指代loulan city。sb./sth.is believed to do.是个固定句型，根据动词不定式与believed动作之间的时间关系来确定使用不定式的一般式(to do)、进行式(to be doing)还是完成式(to have done)。这种结构常可转换为it is believed that.，it为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，且that不能省略，意为“人们相信”。类似的结构还有：it is said that.据说it is announced that.据宣布it is supposed that.人们认为it is wellknown that.众所周知it is reported that.据报道it is hoped that.人们希望it is thought that.人们认为语境助记(1)she is said to want to become a teacher in the future.it is said that she wants to be a teacher in the future.据说她将来想当老师。(2)she is said to be writing a book.it is said that she is writing a book.据说她正在写书。(3)it is believed that tom has left the country.tom is believed to have left the country.人们相信汤姆已经离开了这个国家。题组训练(1)用所给词的适当形式填空the weather has remained extremely hot since june，which is said to (cause) several sudden deaths in our city.(2)li ming is said the experiment in the lab，but i cant find him there.ato have done bto docto be doing ddoing (3)aids is said the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years.athat it is bto becthat it has been dto have been难句分析1when i walked around the city，i saw streets just as they had been，with stepping stones along the road so you did not have to step in the mud on rainy days!句式分析：when引导 从句，主句的主干是i saw streets，而as they had been用作 状语，介词短语with stepping stones along the road是streets的 ，连词so后接 从句。自主翻译： 2the desert was once a green land with huge trees，but they were cut down and that resulted in the city being buried by sandwhat a pity!句式分析：本句是并列句，resulted in后面的宾语the city being buried by sand是 ，city与bury之间存在 关系，故用being buried。在动名词的复合结构中，其逻辑主语一般由物主代词、名词所有格、人称代词的宾格和名词的普通格来充当。自主翻译： .单词拼写1 (渐渐地)，those teachers became aware that they were in danger of losing their jobs.2a bomb e at a busy railway station this morning，causing the deaths of 74 people.3the 1987 hurricane(飓风) was the worst natural d to hit england for decades.4harvard university was f in 1636 and named after john harvard.5i wonder if there is a bank (在附近)6 (商业的) television is an effective medium for advertising.7every room in that house was elaborately (装饰)8a w sponsor came to our rescue with a generous donation.选词填空9his hard work excellent grades in his exams.10if george keeps on working so hard，hell sooner or later.11when she fell ill her daughter the business from her.12she a famous singer at that time.13the spring festival didnt as exciting，which was beyond our expectation.完成句子14雪下了一个星期，造成了整个地区严重的交通混乱。the snow lasted for a week， in the whole area.15墙上悬挂的是他三十多岁时的绘画。on the wall done by him when he was in his thirties.16我去看他，结果却发现他出去了。i visited him .17据说它是著名的丝绸之路上的一个歇脚点。it is on the famous silk road.18这个公园真漂亮！ the park is! it is!.单项填空19farmers great importance to this harvest after the last severe flood，but unfortunately，the storm the crops， the hope of the farmers.(2015南通海门实验学校高一期中)aattached；destroyed；ruiningblinked；damaged；ruinedcpaid；harmed；destroyingdapplied；hurt；damaged20with the situation worsening，the army threatens to if a general election is not to be held as scheduled.so lets some serious work.(2016盐城中学高一期中)atake over；get down tobtake up；come up withctake on；come down withdtake apart；live up to21after the dinner party，most guests left，with only two of them in the host family， him clear up.(2017江都中学、省扬中、省溧中高一联考)aremaining；helpedbremaining；helpingcremained；helpeddremained；helping22shoppers fled the street in panic after two bombs in central london.aemployedbexploredcexploited dexploded23my father returned to his car， one of the windows was broken by someone and his briefcase was gone.aonly to find bfindchaving been found dfound答案精析基础自测.1.civilization2.lecture3.found；founded；founded4.erupt；eruption5.pour6.unfortunate7.decorate 8flee；fled；fled9.disaster10.destroy 11commercial12.wealthy；wealth13.gradually14.cultural；culture15.institute16.ruin 17remains；remain18.beneath19.material 20explode；explosion.1.be known as2.take over3.pour out 4cause/do damage5.decorate.with.6.turn out7fail to do sth.8.break down9.together with 10cut down.1.near the city was2it is believed to have been gradually covered课文预读.1.d2.a3.c4.c5.b.1.mercial9.sandstorms 10discovered要点探究重点词汇1(1)b句意为：孙中山在为中国人民斗争了多年之后在1911年建立了中国第一个共和国。根据句子中的时间状语in 1911，可知本句是在描述过去发生的事情，所以用一般过去时。(2)c句意为：这所学校创建于20世纪早期，它一直激励着孩子们对于艺术的热爱。the school与found之间构成被动关系，故应用过去分词表被动，故选c。2(1)took offtake upwas taken overtook on(2)b句意为：他们唯一的孩子会在这对夫妇年老时接管大生意，这是肯定的。hand over移交，交出；take over夺取，接管；go over仔细检查，从头到尾温习；get over翻越，克服(困难)，从(疾病、损失中)恢复过来。根据题意选b。(3)d句意为：什么时候你养成了熬夜的习惯？当我两年前进入这所学校时，这里的学生们有太多的作业要做。take in吸收，欺骗，理解；take on从事(某项工作)，雇用，呈现(面貌)；take over夺取，接管；take to 养成的习惯，喜欢上，适应。根据题意选d。3(1)d考查时态和语态的用法。句意为：放学后我们去阅览室阅读，却被告知阅览室正在装修。the readingroom与decorate之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态；由句意可知，应该用过去进行时的被动语态。(2)c句意为：婚期将近，因此琳达现在正忙于布置新房。repair/mend修理，修补；decorate装饰，布置；sell卖。结合句意可知c项正确。4题组训练1(1)turned up(2)turn；over(3)turn out(4)turn off (5)turn into题组训练2(1)a句意为：地震发生时所有老师和学生都设法逃出了晃动的教学楼。flee逃离，符合语境，故选a。pour倾倒；slide滑行；slip滑跤。(2)d句意为：他试图在警察到达之前逃离山洞，但他失败了。flee (from) sp.逃离某地；manage to do sth.设法做成了某事；try to do sth.努力做某事，未必成功。根据后面but he failed可知没有成功，故选d。题组训练3(1)身体垮掉抛锚失败(2)a句意为：众所周知，土壤里的细菌能够帮助分解我们的废弃物。break down分解，发生故障，身体垮掉，汽车抛锚，失败，瓦解；take down记下，拆除；put down放下，镇压；write down写下，记下。根据题意可知选a。(3)abreak up关系破裂；finish up吃完，喝完，用尽(所剩之物)；divide up分担，分配，分享；close up(伤口)愈合，堵塞。由句意知a项符合语境。5(1)destroy/ruindamagedruined(2)c句意为：法官说：“如果你继续偷窃，你会毁了你光明的前途，年轻人！”destroy严重损坏；damage部分性损坏；rui