2104职称英语理工A模拟试题.doc

2104职称英语理工A模拟试题（一）第一部分：词汇选项 (第115题，每题1分，共15分) 下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。1. The scientists began to accumulate a huge mass of data. （ A）A build upB put upC make upD clear up2. When Jack eventually overtook the last truck he pulled over to the inside lane. （ B）A skippedB passedC reachedD led3. Loud noises can be annoying. （D ）A hatefulB painfulC horrifyingD irritating4.The expedition reached the summit at 10:30 that morning. （A ）A top of the mountainB bottom of the mountain C starting pointD site5.They have been living under the most appalling conditions for two years. （ A） A dreadfulB badC unpleasantD poor6. The army should have operated in conjunction with the fleet to raid the enemys coast. （ A）A togetherB in successionC in allianceD in connection7. It was a question of making sure that certain needs were addressed, notably in the pensions area. （ C）A noticeablyB remarkablyC particularlyD significantly8. His new girlfriend had omitted to tell him that she was married. （B ）A forgottenB failedC deletedD left out9.It is postulated that population trends have an effect on economic fluctuations. （B ）A challengedB assumedC deductedD decreed10. The use of the chemical may present a certain hazard to the laboratory workers. （D ）A protectionB indicationC immunityD danger11. It is said that the houses along this street will soon be demolished. （A ）A pulled downB rebuiltC renovatedD whitewashed12. The whole idea to build a deluxe hotel here sounds insane to me. （C ）A reasonableB sensibleC crazyD unbelievable13. In his two-hour-long lecture he made an exhaustive analysis of the issue. （A ）A extremely thoroughB long and boring C superficialD unconvincing14.We all think that the new device he has proposed is ingenious（D ）A effectiveB cleverC implausibleD original15.Not all member states abided by the principle they had agreed on previously. （A ）A adhered toB abandoned C appliedD adopted第二部分：阅读判断(第1622题，每题1分，共7分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息在文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。Azeri Hills Hold Secret of Long LifeYou can see for kilometers from the mountains where Allahverdi Ibadov herds his small flock of sheep amid a sea of yellow, red, and purple wildflowers. The view from Amburdere in southern Azerbaijan toward the Iranian border is spectacular, but Mr. Ibadov barely gives it a second glance.Why should he? Hes been coming here nearly every day for 100 years.According to his carefully preserved passport, Mr. Ibadov,whose birth was not registered until he was a toddler, is at least 105 years old. His wife, who died two years ago, was even older. They are among the dozens of people in this beautiful, isolated region who live extraordinarily long lives.Mr. Ibadovs eldest son has just turned 70. He lost count long ago of how many grandchildren he has. Im an old man now I look after the sheep, and I prepare the wood for winter. l still have something to do. A lifetime of toil, it seems, takes very few people to an early grave in this region. Scientists admit there appears to be something in the Azeri mountains that gives local people a longer, healthier life than most.Miri Ismailovs family in the tiny village of Tatoni are convinced that they know what it is. Mr. Ismailov is l10,his great-great-grandson is four. They share one proud boast: Neither has been to a doctor. There are hundreds of herbs on the mountain, and we use them all in our cooking and for medicines; explained Mr. Ismailovs daughter, Elmira. We know exactly what they can do. We are our own doctors. There is one herb for high blood pressure, another for kidney stones, and a third for a hacking cough. They are carefully collected from the slopes surrounding the village. Experts from the Azerbaijan Academy of Science believe the herbs may be part of the answer. They have been studying longevity in this region for years. It began as a rare joint Soviet-American project in the 1980s, but these studies are not being funded any more.Azeri scientists have isolated a type of saffron unique to the southern mountains as one thing that seems to increase longevity. Another plant, made into a paste, dramatically increases the amount of milk that animals are able to produce. Now we have to examine these plants clinically to find out which substances have this effect, said Chingiz Gassimov, a scientist at the academy.The theory that local people have also developed a genetic predisposition to long life has been strengthened by the study of a group of Russian emigres whose ancestors were exiled to the Caucasus 200 years ago. The Russians life span is much shorter than that of the indigenous mountain folkthough it is appreciably longer than that of their ancestors left behind in the Russian heartland.“Over the decades, I believe local conditions have begun to have a positive effect on the new arrivals ,Professor Gassimov said. Its been slowly transferred down the generations.”But Mr. Ismailov, gripping his stout wooden cane, has been around for too long to get overexcited. “Theres no secret,”he shrugged dismissively. “I look after the cattle and I eat well. Life goes on.”16. Amburdere is a city in Southern Azerbaijan. （ A）A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned17. Allahverdi Ibadov does not know exactly how old he is. （ A）A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 18. Mr.Ibadov cant do any kind of work anymore. （ B）A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 19. Miri Ismailov has never been to a doctor but his great-great-grandson has. （B ）A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned20. People in this region enjoy a easy and rich life. （C ）A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned21.Elmira Ismailov is a doctor who uses herbs as medicines. （B ）A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 22. Scientists think peoples genes might affect how long they live. （ A）A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned第三部分：概括大意与完成句子 (第2330题，每题1分，共8分) 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第25段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。Screen Test1. Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer. If this happens early enough, the disease can often be treated successfully. According to a survey published last year, 21 countries have screening programmes. Nine of them, including Australia, Canada, the US and Spain, screen women under 50. 2. But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial, partly because the radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancer. Also, younger women must be given higher doses of X-rays because their breast tissue is denser. 3. Researchers at the Polytechnic University of Valencia analysed the effect of screening more than 160,000 women at 11 local clinics. After estimating the womens cumulative dose of radiation, they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause. 4. The mathematical model recommended by Britains National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) predicted that the screening programme would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women, 18 of them fatal. The model preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led to a lower figure of 20 cancers. 5. The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is “not very significant” compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated. The Valencia programme, they say, detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened. 6. But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45, because they would be exposed to less radiation. The results of their study, they suggest, could help “optimise the technique” for breast cancer screening. 7. “There is a trade-off between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and its risks,” admits Michael Clark of the NRPB. But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution. “On the basis of the current data, for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in life. Thats why radiation exposure should be minimised in any screening programme.” 23. Paragraph 2 _A_24. Paragraph 3 _B_25. Paragraph 4 _C_26. Paragraph 5 _D_27. Early discovery of breast cancer may_C_. 28. Advantages of screening women under 50 are _D_. 29. Delaying the age at which screening starts may _E_. 30. Radiation exposure should be _F_. A. be costly B. harmful C. save a life D. still open to debate E. reduce the risk of radiation triggering a cancer F. reduced to the minimum第四部分：阅读理解 (第3145题，每题3分，共45分) 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。第一篇 Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking UprightMost of us walk and carry items in our hands every day. These are seemingly simple activities that the majority of us dont question. But an international team of researchers, including Dr. Richmond from GWs Columbian College of Arts and Sciences, have discovered that human walking upright, may have originated millions of years ago as an adaptation to carrying scarce, high-quality resources. The team of researchers from the U. S., England, Japan and Portugal investigated the behavior of modern-day chimpanzees as they competed for food resources，in an effort to understand what ecological settings would lead a large ape one that resembles the 6 million-year old ancestor we shared in common with living chimpanzees to walk on two legs.“These chimpanzees provide a model of the ecological conditions under which our earliest ancestors might have begun walking on two legs, , said Dr. Richmond.The research findings suggest that chimpanzees switch to moving on two limbs instead of four in situations where they need to monopolize a resource. Standing on two legs allows them to carry much more at one time because it frees up their hands. Over time, intense bursts of bipedal activity may have led to anatomical changes that in turn became the subject of natural selection where competition for food or other resources was strong.Two studies were conducted by the team in Guinea. The first study was conducted by the team in Kyoto Universitys “outdoor laboratory” in a natural clearing in Bossou Forest. Researchers allowed the wild chimpanzees access to different combinations of two different types of nut the oil palm nut, which is naturally widely available, and the coula nut, which is not. The chimpanzees behavior was monitored in three situations:(a) when only oil palm nuts were available,(b)when a small number of coula nuts were available，and(c) when coula nuts were the majority available resource.When the rare coula nuts were available only in small numbers, the chimpanzees transported more at one time. Similarly, when coula nuts were the majority resource, the chimpanzees ignored the oil palm nuts altogether. The chimpanzees regarded the coula nuts as a more highly-prized resource and competed for them more intensely.In such high-competition settings，the frequency of cases in which the chimpanzees started moving on two legs increased by a factor of four. Not only was it obvious that bipedal movement allowed them to carry more of this precious resource, but also that they were actively trying to move as much as they could in one go by using everything available even their mouths.The second study, by Kimberley Hockings of Oxford Brookes University, was a 14-month study of Bossou chimpanzees crop-raiding, a situation in which they have to compete for rare and unpredictable Resources. Here, 35 percent of the chimpanzees activity involved some sort of bipedal movement, and once again, this behavior appeared to be linked to a clear attempt to carry as much as possible at one time.31 Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the first two paragraphs? （A ）A Many people question the simple human activities of walking and carrying items.B Chimpanzees behaviors may suggest why humans walk on two legs.C Human walking upright is viewed as an adaptation to carrying precious resources.D Our ancestors ecological conditions resembled those of modern-day chimpanzees.32 Dr. Richmond conducted the experiment with the purpose of finding（ B）A when humans began walking on two legs.B what made our ancestors walk upright.C what benefits walking upright brought to our ancestors. D how walking upright helped chimpanzees monopolize resources.33 Kyoto Universitys study discovered that chimpanzees（ C）A regarded both types of nut as priced resources.B preferred oil palm nuts to coula nuts.C liked coula nuts better than oil palm nuts.D ignored both types of nut altogether.34 Why did the chimpanzees walk on two limbs during Kyoto Universitys experiment? （ D）A Because they imitated the human way of walking just for fun.B Because they wanted to please the researchers to get more coula nuts from them.C Because they wanted to get to die nut-rich forest faster by walking that way.D Because they wanted to carry more nuts with two free limbs.35 What can we infer from the reading passage? （ D）A Chimpanzees are in the same process of evolution as our ancestors were.B Chimpanzees are similar to humans in many behaviors.C Walking on two limbs and walking on four limbs each have their advantages.D Human walking on two legs developed as a means of survival.第二篇 Superconductor Ceramic(陶瓷) An underground revolution begins this winterwith the flip(轻击)of a switch，30，000homes in one part of Detroit will soon become the first in the country to receive electricity transmitted by ice-cold high-performance cablesOther American cities are expected to follow Detroits example in the years ahead, which could conserve enormous amounts of power. The new electrical cables at the Frisbie power station in Detroit are revolutionary because they are made of superconductors. A superconductor is a material that transmits electricity with little or no resistanceResistance is the degree to which a substance resists electric currentAll common electrical conductors have a certain amount of electrical resistanceThey convert at least some of the electrical energy passing through them into waste heatSuperconductors dontNo one understands how superconductivity works. It just does. Making superconductors isnt easy. A superconductor material has to be cooled to an extremely low temperature to lose its resistanceThe first superconductors，made more than 50 years ago，had to be cooled to -263 degrees Celsius before they lost their resistanceNewer superconducting materials lose their resistance at -143 degrees Celsius. The superconductors cable installed at the Frisbie station is made of a ceramic material that contains copper, oxygen, bismuth(铋) , strontium(锶) , and calcium(钙). A ceramic is a hard, strong compound made from clay or mineralsThe superconducting ceramic has been fashioned into a tape that is wrapped lengthwise around a long tube filled with liquid nitrogen. Liquid nitrogen is supercold and lowers the temperature of the ceramic tape to the point where it conveys electricity with zero resistanceThe United States loses an enormous amount of electricity each year to resistance. Because cooled superconductors have no resistancethey waste much less power. Other cities are watching the Frisbie experiment in the hope that they might switch to superconducting cable and conserve power, too.36 What is the benefit of the revolution mentioned in the first paragraph? （C ） A With a flip of swish，electricity can be transmitted B Other American cities can benefit from the high-performance cables C Great amounts of power can be conserved D Detroit will first receive electricity transmitted by the new electrical cables37 Compared to common electrical conductors，superconductors_A_ A have little or no electrical resistance B Can be used for a long time C are not energy-efficient D can be made easily38 At what temperature does the superconducting ceramic lose its resistance? （A ） A -143 degree Celsius B -263 degree Celsius C As long as it is ice-coldD Absolute zero39 What element enables the ceramic tape to lower its temperature? （B ） A CopperB Liquid nitrogenC Clay D Calcium40 According to the last paragraph，which of the following statements is NOT true? （D ） A Other cities hope they can also conserve power B Other cities hope they can use superconducting cables soon C Superconductors waste less power because of their low resistance D The Fribie experiment is not successful第三篇 Live with Computer After too long on the Net，even a phone call can be a shock. My boyfriends Liverpudlian accent suddenly becomes indecipherable after the clarity of his words on screen; a secretarys tone seems more rejecting than Id imagined it would be. Time itself becomes fluid-hours become minutes，and alternately seconds stretch into days. Weekends， once a highlight of my week， are now just two ordinary days. For the last three years， since I stopped working as a producer for Charlie Rose， I have done much of my work as a tele-commuter. I submit articles and edit them via E-mail and communicate with colleagues on Internet mailing lists. My boyfriend lives in E