学牛津版必修二Unit 1 Tales of the unexplainedgrammar课件（43张PPT）.ppt

grammarandusage presentperfecttense presentperfectcontinuoustense past now yesterday wecleanedtheclassroom now theclassroomiscleanbecausewehavecleanedit 用法1 强调过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果或影响 现在完成时 1 myfatherboughtmanybooksformeyesterday now ihavealottoreadbecause 2 isawthisfilmlastweek now iknowthisfilmbecausei 3 ididmyhomeworkyesterday now icangiveittotheteacherbecausei myfatherhasboughtmanybooksforme haveseenitbefore havedoneit 仍然 还 用在疑问句和否定句中 放在句末 ihaven treadthisbookyet haveyouhadbreakfastyet already yet 已经 通常用于肯定句中 放在句中 ihavealreadyreadthisbook 有时 也用在疑问句中表示惊讶 haveyoueatenupallthefoodalready 从来不 用在否定句中 放在句中 ishefamous ihaveneverheardofhim ever never 曾经 通常用于疑问句和肯定句中 放在句中 ihaveeverseenthisfilm haveyoueverbeentotheusa 以前 用在完成时中 放在句末 haveneverreadthiskindofbooksbefore just before 刚刚 用在陈述句中 放在句中 ihavejustboughtanovel now past ibegantoteachenglishatthisschoolfiveyearsago ihavetaughtenglishatthisschoolforfiveyears 用法2 过去发生的动作一直延续到现在 1 iamadoctor ibegantoworkwheniwas22 now iam26 i forfouryears 2 wewenttotheusalastmonday todayismonday we stay intheusasincelastmonday haveworked havestayed sinceandfor thewomanhasworkedatthisschoolfor2years sincetwoyearsago since2yearsago since1998 sinceshecametotheschool for 时间段 since 时间点 for2years alongtime 一 用for和since填空 threehours threeo clock twodays yesterdayafternoon icamehere lastsunday aweek alongtime 1997 twoweeks threeyearsago lastmonth for since for since since since for for since for since since 1 现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已完成的动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果 也就是说 动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在 ihavelostmywallet 含义是 现在我没有钱花了 janehasjusthadbreakfast 含义是 简现在不饿了 michaelhasbeenill 含义是 现在仍然很虚弱 hehasreturnedfromabroad 含义是 现在已在此地 2 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻一直持续到现在的动作和状态 常与表示持续的时间状语连用 表示持续动作或状态的动词多是延续性动词 ihaven tseenherthesedays maryhasbeenillforthreedays ihavelivedheresince1998 3 现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用 如already yet just before recently still lately等标志词hehasalreadygotachancetogoabroad ihaven tseenmuchofhimrecently lately wehaveseenthatfilmbefore havetheyfoundthemissingchildyet 4 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用 如often sometimes ever never twice onseveraloccasion等 haveyoueverbeentobeijing ihaveneverheardofbunny ihaveusedthispenonlythreetimes georgehasmetthatgentlemanonseveraloccasions 好几次 屡次 5 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用 如now just today thismorning week month year uptothesefewdays weeks months years uptopresent sofar等 peterhaswrittensixpoemssofar manhasnowlearnedtomakeuseofnaturalmaterials therehasbeentoomuchraininsanfranciscothisyear uptotheseweeks everythinghasbeensuccessful have has goneto have has beento和have has beenin的区别 1 have has goneto表示 已经去某地了 不能与for 一段时间连用shehasgonetoshanghai 她可能已在去上海的路上 或已到上海 总之现在不在这里 2 have has beento表示 曾经去过某地 不能与for 一段时间连用shehasbeentoshanghaithreetimes 她已经不在上海 只说明她曾经去过 3 have has beenin at表示 一直呆在某地 常与时间段搭配 呆了很久 非延续性动词不能与时间段连用 go come begin start die buy borrow sell leave arrive receive become等词语是瞬间动词表示的动作是一时的 不能延续 不能与for since等表示一段时间的词连用 也不能用于howlong引导的疑问句中 如不能说 hehasborrowedthebookfortwomonths 但可以说 hehaskeptthebookfor2months 或 ithasbeen2monthssinceheborrowedthebook 或 twomonthshaspassedsinceheborrowedthebook 这些瞬间动词常与它对应的可以表示时间段的词语进行互换 become beborrow keepbuy havebegin start beonopen beopendie bedeadleave beawaycome behere ingoout beoutjoin beamember beinbegintostudy study 注明 非延续性动词在否定结构中可用于现在完成时态 ihaven tboughtanythingfortwodays 现在完成进行时 通常使用现在完成进行时的几种情况 1 表过去开始的动作持续到现在并仍在继续中shehasbeentalkingtomesinceshesawme 2 表示过去开始的动作刚结束并在某种情况下与现在有关联 sorry i mlate haveyoubeenwaitinglong yes ihavebeenwaitingforanhour icleantheblackboardeveryday i llcleantheblackboardinseveralminutes i mnowcleaningtheblackboard icleanedtheblackboardseveralminutesago ihavecleanedtheblackboardforseveralminutes ihavebeencleaningtheblackboardforseveralminutes sinceseveralminutesago 现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别i 1 表示从过去某一时间开始一直在进行的动作 并有可能持续下去 强调动作的全过程 表示从过去到现在的重复性动作 2 注意 多用于延续性动词 如work live study skate collect 表示在某一特定时间之前曾经发生过的动作 或者到这一时间为止已经完成的动作 1 现在完成时 have 过去分词 2 现在完成进行时 have been 现在分词 现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别ii 1 在不用时间状语的情况下 现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行 而现在完成时则表示动作在过去已结束 如 thestudentshavebeenpreparingfortheexam 还在进行 学生们一直在准备考试 thestudentshavepreparedfortheexam 已经结束 学生们为考试作了准备 2 在强调指出动作还未结束 还要继续下去 如 i vebeenreadingthisbookfortwohours butihaven tfinishedit 这本书我已读了两个小时了 但我还没读完 i vereadthisbook 我已读完这本书了 现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别ii 3 有些表示状态 感情 感觉的静态动词 如 have like hate hear know sound等动词不能用于现在完成进行时 但可用于现在完成时 如 they veknowneachothersince1970 自从1970年起他们就相互认识了 exercise 1 mum mayigooutandplaybasketball you yourhomeworkyet a do finishb are finishingc did finishd have finished2 you anywherebefore yes butican trememberwherei a did surf surfedb have surfed surfedc did surf havesurfedd have surfed havesurfed 1 hisbrotherhasbeentostoneforesttwice hecametoyunnan a afterb beforec sinced for2 tom thecdplayerfortwoweeks a haslentb hasborrowedc hasboughtd hashad3 i aletterfromhimsinceheleft a didn treceiveb haven tgotc didn thaved haven theard 1 haveyouever lintongtoseetheterracottawarriors yes ihave a wenttob gonetoc beenind beento2 myparents shangdongfortenyears a havebeeninb havebeentoc havegonetod havebeen 1 i msureandrewwillwinthefirstprizeinthefinal ithinkso he foritformonths 2008江苏 a ispreparingb waspreparingc hadbeenpreparingd hasbeenpreparing 2 bythetimeherealizeshe intoatrap it llbetoolateforhimtodoanythingaboutit 2008山东 a walksb walkedc haswalkedd hadwalked 3 sofarthisyearwe afallinhousepricesbybetween5and10percent 2008福建 a sawb seec hadseend haveseen 4 cathyistakingnotesofthegrammaticalrulesinclassatsunshineschool whereshe englishforayear 2007湖南 a studiesb studiedc isstudyingd hasbeenstudying 5 danny hardforlongtorealizehisdreamandnowheispopular 2007福建 worksb isworkingc hasworkedd hadworked 6 ihavegotaheadache nowonder you infrontofthatcomputertoolong 2007江西 a workb areworkingc havebeenworkingd worked 8 nowthatsheisoutofjob lucy goingbacktoschool butshehasn tdecidedyet 北京 hadconsideredb hasbeenconsideringc consideredd isgoingtoconsider 10 hi tracy youlookpale iamtired i thelivingroomallday paintedhadpaintedc havebeenpaintingd havepainted 1 theprice recently butidoubtwhetheritwillremainso awentdown bwillgodownchasgonedowndwasgoingdown2 inthepastfewyearsthere greatchangesindamiaotown aisbwerechavebeendwillbe drill1 1 i have lunchalready 2 hasthetrain arrive yet 3 tome never beto china 4 thetwin just see myfather 5 thetwins see myfatherjustnow havehad arrived has beento has seen saw 1 we study englishforaboutfouryears 2 we live inhoujimiddleschoolsincethreemonthsago 3 theoldman 已经死了 fortwoyears 5 justinhasbeenmissingfortwoweeks 6 ihaven tseenguoyithesedays extension2 havestudied havelived hasbeendead choosetherightanswers 1 ihavejoined beeninthearmyfortenyear 2 hehasbeento gonetodalianmanytimes 3 shehasgotmarried beenmarriedtorobertsfora